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van Hazendonk LS, Khalil ZJ, van Grondelle W, Wijkhuijs LEA, Schreur-Piet I, Debije MG, Friedrich H. Hot Fingers: Individually Addressable Graphene-Heater Actuated Liquid Crystal Grippers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38869014 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Liquid crystal-based actuators are receiving increased attention for their applications in wearables and biomedical or surgical devices, with selective actuation of individual parts/fingers still being in its infancy. This work presents the design and realization of two gripper devices with four individually addressable liquid-crystal network (LCN) actuators thermally driven via printed graphene-based heating elements. The resistive heat causes the all-organic actuator to bend due to anisotropic volume expansions of the splay-aligned sample. A heat transfer model that includes all relevant interfaces is presented and verified via thermal imaging, which provides good estimates of dimensions, power production, and resistance required to reach the desired temperature for actuation while maintaining safe electrical potentials. The LCN films displace up to 11 mm with a bending force of 1.10 mN upon application of 0-15 V potentials. The robustness of the LCN finger is confirmed by repetitive on/off switching for 500 cycles. Actuators are assembled into two prototypes able to grip and lift objects of small weights (70-100 mg) and perform complex actions by individually controlling one of the device's fingers to grip an additional object. Selective actuation of parts in soft robotic devices will enable more complex motions and actions to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S van Hazendonk
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Zafeiris J Khalil
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Wilko van Grondelle
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Levina E A Wijkhuijs
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg Schreur-Piet
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Michael G Debije
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Heiner Friedrich
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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2
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Gao Y, Li B, Zhang L, Zhang X, Xin X, Xie S, Lee RA, Li K, Zhao W, Cheng H. Ultraconformal Skin-Interfaced Sensing Platform for Motion Artifact-Free Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27952-27960. [PMID: 38808703 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Capable of directly capturing various physiological signals from human skin, skin-interfaced bioelectronics has emerged as a promising option for human health monitoring. However, the accuracy and reliability of the measured signals can be greatly affected by body movements or skin deformations (e.g., stretching, wrinkling, and compression). This study presents an ultraconformal, motion artifact-free, and multifunctional skin bioelectronic sensing platform fabricated by a simple and user-friendly laser patterning approach for sensing high-quality human physiological data. The highly conductive membrane based on the room-temperature coalesced Ag/Cu@Cu core-shell nanoparticles in a mixed solution of polymers can partially dissolve and locally deform in the presence of water to form conformal contact with the skin. The resulting sensors to capture improved electrophysiological signals upon various skin deformations and other biophysical signals provide an effective means to monitor health conditions and create human-machine interfaces. The highly conductive and stretchable membrane can also be used as interconnects to connect commercial off-the-shelf chips to allow extended functionalities, and the proof-of-concept demonstration is highlighted in an integrated pulse oximeter. The easy-to-remove feature of the resulting device with water further allows the device to be applied on delicate skin, such as the infant and elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Gao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianzhe Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Xin Xin
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Senpei Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ryan Allen Lee
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kang Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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3
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Liu C, Feng Z, Yin T, Wan T, Guan P, Li M, Hu L, Lin CH, Han Z, Xu H, Chen W, Wu T, Liu G, Zhou Y, Peng S, Wang C, Chu D. Multi-Interface Engineering of MXenes for Self-Powered Wearable Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403791. [PMID: 38780429 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Self-powered wearable devices with integrated energy supply module and sensitive sensors have significantly blossomed for continuous monitoring of human activity and the surrounding environment in healthcare sectors. The emerging of MXene-based materials has brought research upsurge in the fields of energy and electronics, owing to their excellent electrochemical performance, large surface area, superior mechanical performance, and tunable interfacial properties, where their performance can be further boosted via multi-interface engineering. Herein, a comprehensive review of recent progress in MXenes for self-powered wearable devices is discussed from the aspects of multi-interface engineering. The fundamental properties of MXenes including electronic, mechanical, optical, and thermal characteristics are discussed in detail. Different from previous review works on MXenes, multi-interface engineering of MXenes from termination regulation to surface modification and their impact on the performance of materials and energy storage/conversion devices are summarized. Based on the interfacial manipulation strategies, potential applications of MXene-based self-powered wearable devices are outlined. Finally, proposals and perspectives are provided on the current challenges and future directions in MXene-based self-powered wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ziheng Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Tao Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Tao Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Peiyuan Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mengyao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Long Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chun-Ho Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Zhaojun Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 36 Bradfield Road, Lindfield, NSW, 2070, Australia
| | - Haolan Xu
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - Wenlong Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Tom Wu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID2) Laboratory, CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Regenerative Medicine Engineering Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shuhua Peng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chun Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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4
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Zhou K, Ding R, Ma X, Lin Y. Printable and flexible integrated sensing systems for wireless healthcare. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7264-7286. [PMID: 38470428 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06099c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The rapid development of wearable sensing devices and artificial intelligence has enabled portable and wireless tracking of human health, fulfilling the promise of digitalized healthcare applications. To achieve versatile design and integration of multi-functional modules including sensors and data transmission units onto various flexible platforms, printable technologies emerged as some of the most promising strategies. This review first introduces the commonly utilized printing technologies, followed by discussion of the printable ink formulations and flexible substrates to ensure reliable device fabrication and system integration. The advances of printable sensors for body status monitoring are then discussed. Moreover, the integration of wireless data transmission via printable approaches is also presented. Finally, the challenges in achieving printable sensing devices and wireless integrated systems with competitive performances are considered, so as to realize their practical applications for personalized healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemeng Zhou
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ruochen Ding
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xiaohao Ma
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yuanjing Lin
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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5
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Xie Z, Yao L, Fang H, Yang Z, Zhou X, Lin L, Xie J, Zhang Y. Multi-Functional and Flexible Nano-Silver@MXene Heterostructure-Decorated Graphite Felt for Wearable Thermal Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310191. [PMID: 38431965 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Wearable heaters with multifunctional performances are urgently required for the future personal health management. However, it is still challengeable to fabricate multifunctional wearable heaters simultaneously with flexibility, air-permeability, Joule heating performance, electromagnetic shielding property, and anti-bacterial ability. Herein, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)@MXene heterostructure-decorated graphite felts are fabricated by introducing MXene nanosheets onto the graphite felts via a simple dip-coating method and followed by a facile in situ growth approach to grow AgNPs on MXene layers. The obtained AgNPs@MXene heterostructure decorated graphite felts not only maintain the intrinsic flexibility, air-permeability and comfort characteristics of the matrixes, but also present excellent Joule heating performance including wide temperature range (30-128 °C), safe operating conditions (0.9-2.7 V), and rapid thermal response (reaching 128 °C within 100 s at 2.7 V). Besides, the multifunctional graphite felts exhibit excellent electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (53 dB) and outstanding anti-bacterial performances (>95% anti-bacterial rate toward Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphy-lococcus aureus). This work sheds light on a novel avenue to fabricate multifunctional wearable heaters for personal healthcare and personal thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoxiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Houzhi Fang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Junwen Xie
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Yinhang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
- Rui'an Graduate College of Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325206, P. R. China
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6
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Ding Y, Jiang J, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Zheng Z. Porous Conductive Textiles for Wearable Electronics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1535-1648. [PMID: 38373392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, researchers have made significant strides in the development of novel flexible/stretchable and conductive materials, enabling the creation of cutting-edge electronic devices for wearable applications. Among these, porous conductive textiles (PCTs) have emerged as an ideal material platform for wearable electronics, owing to their light weight, flexibility, permeability, and wearing comfort. This Review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the progress and state of the art of utilizing PCTs for the design and fabrication of a wide variety of wearable electronic devices and their integrated wearable systems. To begin with, we elucidate how PCTs revolutionize the form factors of wearable electronics. We then discuss the preparation strategies of PCTs, in terms of the raw materials, fabrication processes, and key properties. Afterward, we provide detailed illustrations of how PCTs are used as basic building blocks to design and fabricate a wide variety of intrinsically flexible or stretchable devices, including sensors, actuators, therapeutic devices, energy-harvesting and storage devices, and displays. We further describe the techniques and strategies for wearable electronic systems either by hybridizing conventional off-the-shelf rigid electronic components with PCTs or by integrating multiple fibrous devices made of PCTs. Subsequently, we highlight some important wearable application scenarios in healthcare, sports and training, converging technologies, and professional specialists. At the end of the Review, we discuss the challenges and perspectives on future research directions and give overall conclusions. As the demand for more personalized and interconnected devices continues to grow, PCT-based wearables hold immense potential to redefine the landscape of wearable technology and reshape the way we live, work, and play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Ding
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Jiang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yingsi Wu
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yaokang Zhang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Zhou
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qiyao Huang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
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7
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Gong S, Lu Y, Yin J, Levin A, Cheng W. Materials-Driven Soft Wearable Bioelectronics for Connected Healthcare. Chem Rev 2024; 124:455-553. [PMID: 38174868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In the era of Internet-of-things, many things can stay connected; however, biological systems, including those necessary for human health, remain unable to stay connected to the global Internet due to the lack of soft conformal biosensors. The fundamental challenge lies in the fact that electronics and biology are distinct and incompatible, as they are based on different materials via different functioning principles. In particular, the human body is soft and curvilinear, yet electronics are typically rigid and planar. Recent advances in materials and materials design have generated tremendous opportunities to design soft wearable bioelectronics, which may bridge the gap, enabling the ultimate dream of connected healthcare for anyone, anytime, and anywhere. We begin with a review of the historical development of healthcare, indicating the significant trend of connected healthcare. This is followed by the focal point of discussion about new materials and materials design, particularly low-dimensional nanomaterials. We summarize material types and their attributes for designing soft bioelectronic sensors; we also cover their synthesis and fabrication methods, including top-down, bottom-up, and their combined approaches. Next, we discuss the wearable energy challenges and progress made to date. In addition to front-end wearable devices, we also describe back-end machine learning algorithms, artificial intelligence, telecommunication, and software. Afterward, we describe the integration of soft wearable bioelectronic systems which have been applied in various testbeds in real-world settings, including laboratories that are preclinical and clinical environments. Finally, we narrate the remaining challenges and opportunities in conjunction with our perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jialiang Yin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Arie Levin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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8
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Liu P, Leung EM, Badshah MA, Moore CS, Gorodetsky AA. Structure-function relationships for squid skin-inspired wearable thermoregulatory materials. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:046111. [PMID: 37941766 PMCID: PMC10629970 DOI: 10.1063/5.0149289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wearable thermoregulatory technologies have attracted widespread attention because of their potential for impacting individual physiological comfort and for reducing building energy consumption. Within this context, the study of materials and systems that can merge the advantageous characteristics of both active and passive operating modes has proven particularly attractive. Accordingly, our laboratory has drawn inspiration from the appearance-changing skin of Loliginidae (inshore squids) for the introduction of a unique class of dynamic thermoregulatory composite materials with outstanding figures of merit. Herein, we demonstrate a straightforward approach for experimentally controlling and computationally predicting the adaptive infrared properties of such bioinspired composites, thereby enabling the development and validation of robust structure-function relationships for the composites. Our findings may help unlock the potential of not only the described materials but also comparable systems for applications as varied as thermoregulatory wearables, food packaging, infrared camouflage, soft robotics, and biomedical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panyiming Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Erica M. Leung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Mohsin Ali Badshah
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Christopher S. Moore
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, USA
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Liu Q, Liang J, Tian B, Xue E, Zhang X, Guo P, Zheng K, Tang G, Wu W. A Continuous Gradient Chemical Reduction Strategy of Graphene Oxide for Highly Efficient Evaporation-Driven Electricity Generation. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300304. [PMID: 37147782 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneously harvesting electricity through a water evaporation process is renewable and environmentally friendly, and provides a promising way for self-powered electronics. However, most of evaporation-driven generators are suffering from a limited power supply for practical use. Herein, a high-performance textile-based evaporation-driven electricity generator based on continuous gradient chemical reduced graphene oxide (CG-rGO@TEEG) is obtained by a continuous gradient chemical reduction strategy. The continuous gradient structure not only greatly enhances the ion concentration difference between the positive and negative electrodes but also significantly optimizes the electrical conductivity of the generator. As a result, the as-prepared CG-rGO@TEEG can generate a voltage of 0.44 V and a considerable current of 590.1 µA with an optimized power density of 0.55 mW cm-3 when 50 µL of NaCl solution is applied. Such scale-up CG-rGO@TEEGs can supply sufficient power to directly drive a commercial clock for more than 2 h in ambient conditions. This work offers a novel approach for efficient clean energy harvesting based on water evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liang
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Bin Tian
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Enbo Xue
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Panwang Guo
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Guilin Tang
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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10
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Du P, Wang J, Zhan X, Cai Z, Ge F. Asymmetric Multienergy-Coupled Radiative Warming Textiles for Personal Thermal-Moisture Management. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41180-41192. [PMID: 37585674 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
In order to address the requirements for warmth and energy conservation in cold climates, the development of personal thermal management textiles that regulate local human thermal comfort has emerged as a promising solution in recent times. Nevertheless, existing warming textile strategies often rely on a singular energy source, exhibit inadequate air/moisture permeability, and lack adaptability to dynamic and intricate climate variations. Herein, a novel multienergy-coupled radiative warming Janus textile has been effectively designed and fabricated via screen printing and foam finishing. Taking advantage of the synergistic effects of directional water transport capability of polyester-covered cotton (with a directional water-transport index of R = 577.5%), high mid-infrared radiant reflection (at 60%), electrothermal conversion of copper coating (with a sheet resistance of 0.01 Ω sq-1), and strong solar absorption of the nanoporous structure TA@APTES@Fe(III)@CNT (TAFC) coating (at 98.5%), the Janus fabric exhibits exceptional performance in expelling out one-way sweat/moisture (R = 329.3%) and solar heating (86.9 °C)/Joule heating (226.4 °C at 3.0 V)/heat retention (2.4 °C higher than that of cotton fabric). Furthermore, the fabric is also provided with exceptional mechanical, washing, flame-retardant, and antibacterial performance. This research holds the potential to revolutionize the development and production of warming textiles by incorporating desirable sweat/moisture permeability and multienergy-coupled heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peibo Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1476, United States
| | - Xiongwei Zhan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zaisheng Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Fengyan Ge
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Hebei for Fiber Material, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, Hebei, China
- National Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing and Finishing Technology, Tai'an 271000, Shandong, China
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11
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Al-Amri AM. Recent Progress in Printed Photonic Devices: A Brief Review of Materials, Devices, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3234. [PMID: 37571128 PMCID: PMC10422352 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Printing electronics incorporates several significant technologies, such as semiconductor devices produced by various printing techniques on flexible substrates. With the growing interest in printed electronic devices, new technologies have been developed to make novel devices with inexpensive and large-area printing techniques. This review article focuses on the most recent developments in printed photonic devices. Photonics and optoelectronic systems may now be built utilizing materials with specific optical properties and 3D designs achieved through additive printing. Optical and architected materials that can be printed in their entirety are among the most promising future research topics, as are platforms for multi-material processing and printing technologies that can print enormous volumes at a high resolution while also maintaining a high throughput. Significant advances in innovative printable materials create new opportunities for functional devices to act efficiently, such as wearable sensors, integrated optoelectronics, and consumer electronics. This article provides an overview of printable materials, printing methods, and the uses of printed electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M Al-Amri
- Physics Department, Collage of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 25724, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Phung TH, Gafurov AN, Kim I, Kim SY, Kim KM, Lee TM. Hybrid Device Fabrication Using Roll-to-Roll Printing for Personal Environmental Monitoring. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2687. [PMID: 37376333 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Roll-to-roll (R2R) printing methods are well known as additive, cost-effective, and ecologically friendly mass-production methods for processing functional materials and fabricating devices. However, implementing R2R printing to fabricate sophisticated devices is challenging because of the efficiency of material processing, the alignment, and the vulnerability of the polymeric substrate during printing. Therefore, this study proposes the fabrication process of a hybrid device to solve the problems. The device was created so that four layers, composed of polymer insulating layers and conductive circuit layers, are entirely screen-printed layer by layer onto a roll of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film to produce the circuit. Registration control methods were presented to deal with the PET substrate during printing, and then solid-state components and sensors were assembled and soldered to the printed circuits of the completed devices. In this way, the quality of the devices could be ensured, and the devices could be massively used for specific purposes. Specifically, a hybrid device for personal environmental monitoring was fabricated in this study. The importance of environmental challenges to human welfare and sustainable development is growing. As a result, environmental monitoring is essential to protect public health and serve as a basis for policymaking. In addition to the fabrication of the monitoring devices, a whole monitoring system was also developed to collect and process the data. Here, the monitored data from the fabricated device were personally collected via a mobile phone and uploaded to a cloud server for additional processing. The information could then be utilized for local or global monitoring purposes, moving one step toward creating tools for big data analysis and forecasting. The successful deployment of this system could be a foundation for creating and developing systems for other prospective uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Huy Phung
- Department of Mechatronics, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Anton Nailevich Gafurov
- Department of Flexible and Printed Electronics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanomechatronics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Department of Flexible and Printed Electronics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
- Department of Robot and Manufacturing System, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Tech University of Korea (TU Korea), 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si 15073, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Tech University of Korea (TU Korea), 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si 15073, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Taik-Min Lee
- Department of Flexible and Printed Electronics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
- Department of Robot and Manufacturing System, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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13
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Yan B, Huang S, Ren Y, Zhou M, Yu Y, Xu B, Cui L, Wang Q, Wang P. HRP-catalyzed grafting of MXene@PGA to silk fibers for visualization of dual-driven heating smart textile. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:1141-1153. [PMID: 36427616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
MXene-based functional textiles have been widely studied and applied in many fields. However, the service stability of MXene combined with textile substrates in the environment is far from ideal, which makes its practical application a great challenge. Here we introduced gallic acid (GA), as natural reactive polyphenol compound to silk fibers through enzymatic polymerization, which significantly improved the durability of its conductivity. The small molecules of GA can covalently bind to the titanium atoms on the MXene nanosheets, and the tyrosine residues from silk fibroins can be enzymatically oxidized by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and further coupled with GA simultaneously, thus forming a covalent cross-linked network on the fiber surfaces. Furthermore, the durable MXene-based textile was used to manufacture smart dual-driven thermal devices with temperature monitoring, which can judge the real-time temperature during heating by changes in its apparent color. More importantly, the textile with smart temperature visualization also offers good EMI shielding and superior UV resistance, while retaining its inherent moisture-wicking, breathable and softness. The present work provides a new insight for the preparation of MXene-based multifunctional textile, and the smart visualization of dual-driven heating shows promising applications in practical personal thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaobiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaibing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Al-Daraghmeh MY, Stone RT. A review of medical wearables: materials, power sources, sensors, and manufacturing aspects of human wearable technologies. J Med Eng Technol 2023; 47:67-81. [PMID: 35856912 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2022.2097743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Wearable technology is a promising and revolutionary technology that is changing some aspects of our standard of living to a great extent, including health monitoring, sport and fitness, performance tracking, education, and entertainment. This article presents a comprehensive literature review of over 160 articles related to state-of-the-art human wearable technologies. We provide a thorough understanding of the materials, power sources, sensors, and manufacturing processes, and the relationships between these to capture opportunities for enhancement and challenges to overcome in wearables. As a result of our review, we have determined the need for the development of a comprehensive, robust manufacturing system alongside specific standards and regulations that take into account wearables' unique characteristics. Seeing the whole picture will provide a frame reference and road map for researchers and industries through the design, manufacturing, and commercialisation of effective, portable, self-powered, multi-sensing ultimate future wearable devices and create opportunities for new innovations and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Y Al-Daraghmeh
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Department of Industrial Engineering, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Richard T Stone
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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15
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Deng Z, Li L, Tang P, Jiao C, Yu ZZ, Koo CM, Zhang HB. Controllable Surface-Grafted MXene Inks for Electromagnetic Wave Modulation and Infrared Anti-Counterfeiting Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16976-16986. [PMID: 36197991 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal carbide/nitride (MXene) conductive inks are promising for scalable production of printable electronics, electromagnetic devices, and multifunctional coatings. However, the susceptible oxidation and poor rheological property seriously impede the printability of MXene inks and the exploration of functional devices. Here, we proposed a controllable surface grafting strategy for MXene flakes (p-MXene) with prepolymerized polydopamine macromolecules to protect against water and oxygen, enrich surface chemistry, and significantly optimize the rheological properties of the inks. The obtained p-MXene inks can adapt to screen-printing and other high-viscosity processing techniques, facilitating the development of patterned electromagnetic films and coatings. Interestingly, the printed MXene polarizer can freely switch and quantitatively control microwave transmission, giving an inspiring means for smart microwave modulation beyond the commonly reported shielding function. Moreover, the introduction of polydopamine nanoshell enables the infrared emissivity of MXene coating to be adjusted to a large extent, which can produce infrared anti-counterfeiting patterns in a thermal imager. Therefore, multifunctional antioxidant p-MXene inks will greatly extend the potential applications for the next-generation printable electronics and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lulu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pingping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chenyang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chong Min Koo
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Hao-Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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16
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Conductive fibers for biomedical applications. Bioact Mater 2022; 22:343-364. [PMID: 36311045 PMCID: PMC9588989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioelectricity has been stated as a key factor in regulating cell activity and tissue function in electroactive tissues. Thus, various biomedical electronic constructs have been developed to interfere with cell behaviors to promote tissue regeneration, or to interface with cells or tissue/organ surfaces to acquire physiological status via electrical signals. Benefiting from the outstanding advantages of flexibility, structural diversity, customizable mechanical properties, and tunable distribution of conductive components, conductive fibers are able to avoid the damage-inducing mechanical mismatch between the construct and the biological environment, in return to ensure stable functioning of such constructs during physiological deformation. Herein, this review starts by presenting current fabrication technologies of conductive fibers including wet spinning, microfluidic spinning, electrospinning and 3D printing as well as surface modification on fibers and fiber assemblies. To provide an update on the biomedical applications of conductive fibers and fiber assemblies, we further elaborate conductive fibrous constructs utilized in tissue engineering and regeneration, implantable healthcare bioelectronics, and wearable healthcare bioelectronics. To conclude, current challenges and future perspectives of biomedical electronic constructs built by conductive fibers are discussed.
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17
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Zhang X, Yang Y, Xue P, Valenzuela C, Chen Y, Yang X, Wang L, Feng W. Three‐Dimensional Electrochromic Soft Photonic Crystals Based on MXene‐Integrated Blue Phase Liquid Crystals for Bioinspired Visible and Infrared Camouflage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211030. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Pan Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Cristian Valenzuela
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Yuanhao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
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18
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Zhang X, Yang Y, Xue P, Valenzuela C, Chen Y, Yang X, Wang L, Feng W. Three‐Dimensional Electrochromic Soft Photonic Crystals Based on MXene‐Integrated Blue Phase Liquid Crystals for Bioinspired Visible and Infrared Camouflage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Tianjin University Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- Tianjin University Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Pan Xue
- Tianjin University Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | | | - Yuanhao Chen
- Tianjin University Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiao Yang
- Tianjin University Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Ling Wang
- Tianjin University Materials Science and Engineering School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University 300072 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Wei Feng
- Tianjin University Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
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19
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Yang Y, Duan S, Zhao H. Advances in constructing silver nanowire-based conductive pathways for flexible and stretchable electronics. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11484-11511. [PMID: 35912705 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02475f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With their soaring technological demand, flexible and stretchable electronics have attracted many researchers' attention for a variety of applications. The challenge which was identified a decade ago and still remains, however, is that the conventional electrodes based on indium tin oxide (ITO) are not suitable for ultra-flexible electronic devices. The main reason is that ITO is brittle and expensive, limiting device performance and application. Thus, it is crucial to develop new materials and processes to construct flexible and stretchable electrodes with superior quality for next-generation soft devices. Herein, various types of conductive nanomaterials as candidates for flexible and stretchable electrodes are briefly reviewed. Among them, silver nanowire (AgNW) is selected as the focus of this review, on account of its excellent conductivity, superior flexibility, high technological maturity, and significant presence in the research community. To fabricate a reliable AgNW-based conductive network for electrodes, different processing technologies are introduced, and the corresponding characteristics are compared and discussed. Furthermore, this review summarizes strategies and the latest progress in enhancing the conductive pathway. Finally, we showcase some exemplary applications and provide some perspectives about the remaining technical challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Yang
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
| | - Shun Duan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
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20
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Abstract
The emergence of wearable devices over the recent decades has motivated numerous studies aimed at developing flexible or stretchable materials and structures for their electronic or optoelectronic functionalities. Like in conventional devices, electronic and optoelectronic components in wearable devices must be kept within certain temperature ranges to ensure reliability, performance, and/or functionality. But this must be accomplished without requiring any bulky heat sinks or other heat transfer augmentation elements. At the same time, the proximity of wearable devices to the human skin poses additional requirements of thermal comfort and safety. A growing body of literature is now focusing on the thermal management or control of wearable devices and related development of new materials and structures. The present article aims to provide a broad overview of such materials and structures and offer suggestions for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Sungtaek Ju
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1597, USA
- Corresponding author
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21
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Large Enhancement in Thermal Conductivity of Solvent-Cast Expanded Graphite/Polyetherimide Composites. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111877. [PMID: 35683733 PMCID: PMC9182134 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate in this work that expanded graphite (EG) can lead to a very large enhancement in thermal conductivity of polyetherimide−graphene and epoxy−graphene nanocomposites prepared via solvent casting technique. A k value of 6.6 W⋅m−1⋅K−1 is achieved for 10 wt% composition sample, representing an enhancement of ~2770% over pristine polyetherimide (k~0.23 W⋅m−1⋅K−1). This extraordinary enhancement in thermal conductivity is shown to be due to a network of continuous graphene sheets over long−length scales, resulting in low thermal contact resistance at bends/turns due to the graphene sheets being covalently bonded at such junctions. Solvent casting offers the advantage of preserving the porous structure of expanded graphite in the composite, resulting in the above highly thermally conductive interpenetrating network of graphene and polymer. Solvent casting also does not break down the expanded graphite particles due to minimal forces involved, allowing for efficient heat transfer over long−length scales, further enhancing overall composite thermal conductivity. Comparisons with a recently introduced effective medium model show a very high value of predicted particle–particle interfacial conductance, providing evidence for efficient interfacial thermal transport in expanded graphite composites. Field emission environmental scanning electron microscopy (FE−ESEM) is used to provide a detailed understanding of the interpenetrating graphene−polymer structure in the expanded graphite composite. These results open up novel avenues for achieving high thermal conductivity polymer composites.
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22
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Jalil M, Ahmed A, Hossain MM, Adak B, Islam MT, Moniruzzaman M, Parvez MS, Shkir M, Mukhopadhyay S. Synthesis of PEDOT:PSS Solution-Processed Electronic Textiles for Enhanced Joule Heating. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12716-12723. [PMID: 35474841 PMCID: PMC9026049 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Textile-based flexible and wearable electronic devices provide an excellent solution to thermal management systems, thermal therapy, and deicing applications through the Joule heating approach. However, challenges persist in designing such cost-effective electronic devices for efficient heating performance. Herein, this study adopted a facile solution-processed strategy, "dip-coating", to develop a high-performance Joule heating device by unformly coating the intrinsically conducting polymer (CP) poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) onto the surface of cotton textiles. The structural and morphological attributes of the cotton/CP mixture were evaluated using various characterization techniques. The electrothermal characteristics of the cotton/CP sample included rapid thermal response, uniform surface temperature distribution up to 94 °C, excellent stability, and endurance in heating performance under various mechanical deformations. The real-time illustration of the fabric heater affixed on a human finger has demonstrated its outstanding potential for thermal therapy applications. The fabricated heater may further expand it purposes toward deicing, defogging, and defrosting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
Abdul Jalil
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Khulna University
of Engineering and Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Abbas Ahmed
- Polymer
Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Md Milon Hossain
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Bapan Adak
- Product
Development Department, Kusumgar Corporates
Pvt. Ltd., Vapi, Gujarat 396195, India
| | - M. Tauhidul Islam
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan (R. O. C.)
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Khulna University
of Engineering and Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sohan Parvez
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Khulna University
of Engineering and Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Mohd. Shkir
- Advanced
Functional Materials and Optoelectronics Laboratory (AFMOL), Department
of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha, Asir 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samrat Mukhopadhyay
- Department
of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
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23
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Tian B, Fang Y, Liang J, Zheng K, Guo P, Zhang X, Wu Y, Liu Q, Huang Z, Cao C, Wu W. Fully Printed Stretchable and Multifunctional E-Textiles for Aesthetic Wearable Electronic Systems. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107298. [PMID: 35150063 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic textiles (e-textiles) that combine the wearing comfort of textiles and the functionality of soft electronics are highly demanded in wearable applications. However, fabricating robust high-performance stretchable e-textiles with good abrasion resistance and high-resolution aesthetic patterns for high-throughput manufacturing and practical applications remains challenging. Herein, the authors report a new multifunctional e-textile fabricated via screen printing of the water-based silver fractal dendrites conductive ink. The as-fabricated e-textiles spray-coated with the invisible waterproofing agent exhibit superior flexibility, water resistance, wearing comfort, air permeability, and abrasion resistance, achieving a low sheet resistance of 0.088 Ω sq-1 , high stretchability of up to 154%, and excellent dynamic stability for over 1000 cyclic testing (ε = 100%). The printed e-textiles can be explored as strain sensors and ultralow voltage-driven Joule heaters driven for personalized thermal management. They finally demonstrate an integrated aesthetic smart clothing made of their multifunctional e-textiles for human motion detection and body-temperature management. The printed e-textiles provide new opportunities for developing novel wearable electronics and smart clothing for future commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tian
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuhui Fang
- Laboratory for Soft Machines & Electronics, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jing Liang
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Panwang Guo
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Youfusheng Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhida Huang
- Laboratory for Soft Machines & Electronics, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Changyong Cao
- Laboratory for Soft Machines & Electronics, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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24
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Barmpakos D, Belessi V, Xanthopoulos N, Krontiras CA, Kaltsas G. Flexible Inkjet-Printed Heaters Utilizing Graphene-Based Inks. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22031173. [PMID: 35161917 PMCID: PMC8839321 DOI: 10.3390/s22031173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Thermal sensors are mainly based on the selective heating of specific areas, which in most cases is a critical feature for both the operation and the performance of the thermal device. In this work, we evaluate the thermoelectrical response of two graphitic materials, namely (a) a commercial 2.4%wt graphene–ethyl cellulose dispersion in cycloxehanone and terpineol (G) and (b) a custom functionalized reduced graphene oxide (f-rGO) ink in the range of −40 to 100 °C. Both inks were printed on a flexible polyimide substrate and the Thermal Coefficients of Resistance (TCR) were extracted as TCRG = −1.05 × 10−3 °C−1 (R2 = 0.9938) and TCRf-rGO = −3.86 × 10−3 °C−1 (R2 = 0.9967). Afterward, the inkjet-printed devices were evaluated as microheaters, in order to exploit their advantage for cost-effective production with minimal material waste. f-rGO and G printed heaters reached a maximum temperature of 97.5 °C at 242 mW and 89.9 °C at 314 mW, respectively, applied by a constant current source and monitored by an infrared camera. Repeatability experiments were conducted, highlighting the high robustness in long-term use. The power–temperature behavior was extracted by self-heating experiments to demonstrate the ability of the devices to serve as heaters. Both static and dynamic evaluation were performed in order to study the device behaviors and extract the corresponding parameters. After all the experimental processes, the resistance of the samples was again evaluated and found to differ less than 13% from the initial value. In this work, fabrication via inkjet printing and demonstration of efficient and stable microheaters utilizing a custom ink (f-rGO) and a commercial graphene ink are presented. This approach is suitable for fabricating selectively heated geometries on non-planar substrate with high repeatability and endurance in heat cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Barmpakos
- microSENSES Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 122 43 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210538-5823
| | - Vassiliki Belessi
- Department of Graphic Design and Visual Communication, University of West Attica, 122 43 Athens, Greece;
| | | | | | - Grigoris Kaltsas
- microSENSES Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 122 43 Athens, Greece;
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25
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Zhu Y, Hartel MC, Yu N, Garrido PR, Kim S, Lee J, Bandaru P, Guan S, Lin H, Emaminejad S, de Barros NR, Ahadian S, Kim HJ, Sun W, Jucaud V, Dokmeci MR, Weiss PS, Yan R, Khademhosseini A. Epidermis-Inspired Wearable Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors Using Reduced Graphene Oxide Self-Wrapped Copper Nanowire Networks. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2100900. [PMID: 35041280 PMCID: PMC8852346 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wearable piezoresistive sensors are being developed as electronic skins (E-skin) for broad applications in human physiological monitoring and soft robotics. Tactile sensors with sufficient sensitivities, durability, and large dynamic ranges are required to replicate this critical component of the somatosensory system. Multiple micro/nanostructures, materials, and sensing modalities have been reported to address this need. However, a trade-off arises between device performance and device complexity. Inspired by the microstructure of the spinosum at the dermo epidermal junction in skin, a low-cost, scalable, and high-performance piezoresistive sensor is developed with high sensitivity (0.144 kPa-1 ), extensive sensing range ( 0.1-15 kPa), fast response time (less than 150 ms), and excellent long-term stability (over 1000 cycles). Furthermore, the piezoresistive functionality of the device is realized via a flexible transparent electrode (FTE) using a highly stable reduced graphene oxide self-wrapped copper nanowire network. The developed nanowire-based spinosum microstructured FTEs are amenable to wearable electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhi Zhu
- Corresponding Authors: (Y. Zhu); (R. Yan); (A. Khademhosseini)
| | | | - Ning Yu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Pamela Rosario Garrido
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States; Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Technological Institute of Merida, Merida, Yucatan 97118, Mexico
| | - Sanggon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Junmin Lee
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Praveen Bandaru
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Shenghan Guan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Haisong Lin
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sam Emaminejad
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Wujin Sun
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ruoxue Yan
- Corresponding Authors: (Y. Zhu); (R. Yan); (A. Khademhosseini)
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26
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Du P, Guo Z, Li Y, Zhang J, Muhammad J, Cai Z, Ge F. One‐step anchored polymers via phenolamine bionic design on textile‐based heater for application in personal heat management. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peibo Du
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yonghe Li
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Javed Muhammad
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Zaisheng Cai
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Fengyan Ge
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
- Technology Innovation Center of Hebei for fiber material Shijiazhuang University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
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