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Zorrón M, Cabrera AL, Sharma R, Radhakrishnan J, Abbaszadeh S, Shahbazi M, Tafreshi OA, Karamikamkar S, Maleki H. Emerging 2D Nanomaterials-Integrated Hydrogels: Advancements in Designing Theragenerative Materials for Bone Regeneration and Disease Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403204. [PMID: 38874422 PMCID: PMC11336986 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advancements in the synthesis, processing, properties, and applications of 2D-material integrated hydrogels, with a focus on their performance in bone-related applications. Various synthesis methods and types of 2D nanomaterials, including graphene, graphene oxide, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and MXene are discussed, along with strategies for their incorporation into hydrogel matrices. These composite hydrogels exhibit tunable mechanical properties, high surface area, strong near-infrared (NIR) photon absorption and controlled release capabilities, making them suitable for a range of regeneration and therapeutic applications. In cancer therapy, 2D-material-based hydrogels show promise for photothermal and photodynamic therapies, and drug delivery (chemotherapy). The photothermal properties of these materials enable selective tumor ablation upon NIR irradiation, while their high drug-loading capacity facilitates targeted and controlled release of chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, 2D-materials -infused hydrogels exhibit potent antibacterial activity, making them effective against multidrug-resistant infections and disruption of biofilm generated on implant surface. Moreover, their synergistic therapy approach combines multiple treatment modalities such as photothermal, chemo, and immunotherapy to enhance therapeutic outcomes. In bio-imaging, these materials serve as versatile contrast agents and imaging probes, enabling their real-time monitoring during tumor imaging. Furthermore, in bone regeneration, most 2D-materials incorporated hydrogels promote osteogenesis and tissue regeneration, offering potential solutions for bone defects repair. Overall, the integration of 2D materials into hydrogels presents a promising platform for developing multifunctional theragenerative biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Zorrón
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of CologneGreinstraße 650939CologneGermany
| | - Agustín López Cabrera
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of CologneGreinstraße 650939CologneGermany
| | - Riya Sharma
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of CologneGreinstraße 650939CologneGermany
| | - Janani Radhakrishnan
- Department of BiotechnologyNational Institute of Animal BiotechnologyHyderabad500 049India
| | - Samin Abbaszadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of PharmacyUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmia571478334Iran
| | - Mohammad‐Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical TechnologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 1GroningenAV, 9713The Netherlands
| | - Omid Aghababaei Tafreshi
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing LaboratoryDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5S 3G8Canada
- Smart Polymers & Composites LabDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5S 3G8Canada
| | - Solmaz Karamikamkar
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation11570 W Olympic BoulevardLos AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Hajar Maleki
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of CologneGreinstraße 650939CologneGermany
- Center for Molecular Medicine CologneCMMC Research CenterRobert‐Koch‐Str. 2150931CologneGermany
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Han JH, Seok SH, Jin YH, Park J, Lee Y, Yeo HU, Back JH, Sim Y, Chae Y, Wang J, Oh GY, Lee W, Park SH, Bang IC, Kim JH, Kwon SY. Robust 2D layered MXene matrix-boron carbide hybrid films for neutron radiation shielding. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6957. [PMID: 37907547 PMCID: PMC10618517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42670-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale fabrication of neutron-shielding films with flexible or complex shapes is challenging. Uniform and high boron carbide (B4C) filler loads with sufficient workability are needed to achieve good neutron-absorption capacity. Here, we show that a two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx MXene hybrid film with homogeneously distributed B4C particles exhibits high mechanical flexibility and anomalous neutron-shielding properties. Layered and solution-processable 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene flakes serve as an ideal robust and flexible matrix for high-content B4C fillers (60 wt.%). In addition, the preparation of a scalable neutron shielding MXene/B4C hybrid paint is demonstrated. This composite can be directly integrated with various large-scale surfaces (e.g., stainless steel, glass, and nylon). Because of their low thickness, simple and scalable preparation method, and an absorption capacity of 39.8% for neutrons emitted from a 241Am-9Be source, the 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene hybrid films are promising candidates for use in wearable and lightweight applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyoung Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi-Hyun Seok
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeeun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunju Lee
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Un Yeo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Back
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoseon Sim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Chae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Yoon Oh
- Sustainable Technology and Wellness R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjoo Lee
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Park
- Sustainable Technology and Wellness R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Bang
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Yong Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang J, Usman KAS, Judicpa MAN, Hegh D, Lynch PA, Razal JM. Applications of X-Ray-Based Characterization in MXene Research. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201527. [PMID: 36808897 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
X-rays are a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from 10 pm to 10 nm. Similar to visible light, X-rays provide a powerful tool to study the atoms and elemental information of objects. Different characterization methods based on X-rays are established, such as X-ray diffraction, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, and X-ray-based spectroscopies, to explore the structural and elemental information of varied materials including low-dimensional nanomaterials. This review summarizes the recent progress of using X-ray related characterization methods in MXenes, a new family of 2D nanomaterials. These methods provide key information on the nanomaterials, covering synthesis, elemental composition, and the assembly of MXene sheets and their composites. Additionally, new characterization methods are proposed as future research directions in the outlook section to enhance understanding of MXene surface and chemical properties. This review is expected to provide a guideline for characterization method selection and aid in precise interpretation of the experimental data in MXene research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhen Zhang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Ken Aldren S Usman
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Mia Angela N Judicpa
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Dylan Hegh
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Peter A Lynch
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Joselito M Razal
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
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Cui Y, Zhu J, Tong H, Zou R. Advanced perspectives on MXene composite nanomaterials: Types synthetic methods, thermal energy utilization and 3D-printed techniques. iScience 2022; 26:105824. [PMID: 36632064 PMCID: PMC9826899 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MXene, 2D material, can be synthesized as single flake with 1 nm thickness by using phase change material, polymer and graphene oxide. Meanwhile, the MXene and its composite derivative materials have been applied widely in electro-to-thermal conversion, photo-to-thermal conversion, thermal energy storage, and 3D printing ink aspects. Furthermore, the forward-looking utilization of the MXene nanomaterials in hydrogen energy storage, radio frequency field application, CO2 capture and remediation of environmental pollution, is explored. This article reveals that the efficiencies of the photo-to-thermal and electro-to-thermal energy conversions with the MXene nanomaterials could reach about 80-90%. In parallel, it is demonstrated that the MXene printed ink has the excellent rheological property and high viscosity and stability of liquid, which contribute to arranging the multi-dimensional architectures with functional materials and controlling the flow rate of the MXene ink in the range of 0.03-0.15 mL/min for speedily printing and various printing structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Cui
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shandong Jianzhu University, 1000 Fengming Road, Jinan 250101, China,Corresponding author
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Architecture and Built Environment, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Hui Tong
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shandong Jianzhu University, 1000 Fengming Road, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Ran Zou
- School of Management Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, 1000 Fengming Road, Jinan 250101, China,Corresponding author
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Aghayar Z, Malaki M, Zhang Y. MXene-Based Ink Design for Printed Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12234346. [PMID: 36500969 PMCID: PMC9736873 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
MXenes are a class of two-dimensional nanomaterials with a rich chemistry, hydrophilic surface and mechano-ceramic nature, and have been employed in a wide variety of applications ranging from medical and sensing devises to electronics, supercapacitors, electromagnetic shielding, and environmental applications, to name a few. To date, the main focus has mostly been paid to studying the chemical and physical properties of MXenes and MXene-based hybrids, while relatively less attention has been paid to the optimal application forms of these materials. It has been frequently observed that MXenes show great potential as inks when dispersed in solution. The present paper aims to comprehensively review the recent knowledge about the properties, applications and future horizon of inks based on 2D MXene sheets. In terms of the layout of the current paper, 2D MXenes have briefly been presented and followed by introducing the formulation of MXene inks, the process of turning MAX to MXene, and ink compositions and preparations. The chemical, tribological and rheological properties have been deeply discussed with an eye to the recent developments of the MXene inks in energy, health and sensing applications. The review ends with a summary of research pitfalls, challenges, and future directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Aghayar
- Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran 16846-11314, Iran
| | - Massoud Malaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (Y.Z.)
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Murali G, Reddy Modigunta JK, Park YH, Lee JH, Rawal J, Lee SY, In I, Park SJ. A Review on MXene Synthesis, Stability, and Photocatalytic Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13370-13429. [PMID: 36094932 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water splitting, CO2 reduction, and pollutant degradation have emerged as promising strategies to remedy the existing environmental and energy crises. However, grafting of expensive and less abundant noble-metal cocatalysts on photocatalyst materials is a mandatory practice to achieve enhanced photocatalytic performance owing to the ability of the cocatalysts to extract electrons efficiently from the photocatalyst and enable rapid/enhanced catalytic reaction. Hence, developing highly efficient, inexpensive, and noble-metal-free cocatalysts composed of earth-abundant elements is considered as a noteworthy step toward considering photocatalysis as a more economical strategy. Recently, MXenes (two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides) have shown huge potential as alternatives for noble-metal cocatalysts. MXenes have several excellent properties, including atomically thin 2D morphology, metallic electrical conductivity, hydrophilic surface, and high specific surface area. In addition, they exhibit Gibbs free energy of intermediate H atom adsorption as close to zero and less than that of a commercial Pt-based cocatalyst, a Fermi level position above the H2 generation potential, and an excellent ability to capture and activate CO2 molecules. Therefore, there is a growing interest in MXene-based photocatalyst materials for various photocatalytic events. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the synthesis of MXenes with 2D and 0D morphologies, the stability of MXenes, and MXene-based photocatalysts for H2 evolution, CO2 reduction, and pollutant degradation. The existing challenges and the possible future directions to enhance the photocatalytic performance of MXene-based photocatalysts are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Murali
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of IT-Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeevan Kumar Reddy Modigunta
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of IT-Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of IT-Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jishu Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Yi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Insik In
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of IT-Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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Lu B, Hu S, Wu D, Wu C, Zhu Z, Hu L, Zhang J. Ionic liquid exfoliated Ti 3C 2T x MXene nanosheets for photoacoustic imaging and synergistic photothermal/chemotherapy of cancer. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1226-1235. [PMID: 35112697 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01938d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ti3C2Tx MXene is a new type of two-dimensional material with good biocompatibility and a good photothermal effect, and shows great potential in cancer treatment. In this study, few-layer ionic liquid (IL)-Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets were synthesized using IL stripping technology, which have high chemical stability, and allow photoacoustic imaging and synergistic photothermal/chemotherapy of cancer. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, the nanosheets have strong absorption in the near-infrared region, and high photothermal conversion efficiency (∼63.91%). Using DOX as a model drug, the IL-Ti3C2Tx MXene@DOX nanosheets exhibited high drug loading capacity and pH-/photosensitivity, which will further promote the drug release of the nanosheets in an acidic tumor microenvironment and under 808 nm laser irradiation. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that IL-Ti3C2Tx MXene@DOX has good biological safety, allows remarkable photoacoustic imaging, and can effectively kill cancer cells with synergistic photothermal/chemotherapy. Therefore, IL-Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets are expected to provide powerful and useful two-dimensional nanoplatforms for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Lu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China. .,Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shunyou Hu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China. .,Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China. .,Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chengyu Wu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China. .,Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhenye Zhu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China. .,Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lu Hu
- Guangdong Marubi Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510000, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China. .,Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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Liu Y, Qiu R, Zhang Z, Chen D, Gao Y, Liu Z, Li H, Wang C. Label-free electrochemical biosensor based on GR5 DNAzyme/Ti3C2Tx Mxenes for Pb2+ detection. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cao LC, Jong CA, Hsu SH, Tseng SF. A Simple Approach to MXene Micropatterning from Molecularly Driven Assembly. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35866-35875. [PMID: 34984315 PMCID: PMC8717565 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, a micropatterning strategy is demonstrated to achieve stable and selective MXene adsorption through the molecularly driven assembly. MXene flakes were assembled by strong interaction with a silicon substrate, which was functionalized by microcontact printing (μCP) to create an active surface. A clear micropattern was observed by scanning electron microscopy showing uniform coverage of MXene flakes. Atomic force microscopy revealed a pattern thickness of around 50 nm, much thinner than the patterns obtained by direct μCP. The obtained micropattern presents good stability against rinsing and sonication. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that this stability can be attributed to strong covalent bonding between MXene and active molecules on a silicon substrate. The sheet resistance of the as-formed MXene layer was measured at around 154.67 (Ω/□), which is lower than those of other published techniques with a similar thickness of around 50 nm. This method can achieve a well-defined MXene pattern around the sub-100 μm scale without requiring prior MXene surface modification. Therefore, MXene can retain its intrinsic surface property, allowing further molecule adsorption as a sensing platform. Moreover, this patterning technique does not require complicated control of ink preparation and offers possible application on a substrate of any geometry with few layers of thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Chi
T. Cao
- Sirindhorn
International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chao-An Jong
- National
Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan Semiconductor
Research Institute, Hsinchu 300091, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Han Hsu
- Sirindhorn
International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Shih-Feng Tseng
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei
University of Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan
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Tezel GB, Arole K, Holta DE, Radovic M, Green MJ. Interparticle interactions and rheological signatures of Ti 3C 2T z MXene dispersions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 605:120-128. [PMID: 34311306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS We hypothesize that dispersed Ti3C2Tz MXene particle interactions are reflected in the bulk viscoelastic properties of the dispersions and can be analyzed using classical colloidal theory for anisotropic particles. The relevant kinetic theory for Brownian anisotropic particles is given by the Doi and Edwards (D-E) Model, and the Maxwell Model is used to fit the relaxation times as a function of frequency. Such behavior is relevant to a variety of MXene processing techniques, particularly printing and coating. EXPERIMENTS Small oscillatory shear tests were performed for dilute Ti3C2Tz MXene aqueous dispersions as a function of their concentration and temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), ζ potential measurements, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) were used to characterize the Ti3C2Tz MXene nanoparticles. FINDINGS Ti3C2Tz dispersions show gel-like and viscous-like behavior at low and high temperatures, respectively. Experimental relaxation times fitted to the Maxwell model are found to be close to the theoretical values. However, at high temperatures, relaxation time values differ due to the inter-particle interactions, even in the dilute concentration regime. For Ti3C2Tz dispersions, aggregation, and clustering can have dramatic consequences for dispersion rheology, including gelation, as the sample transitions from liquid-like to solid-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guler Bengusu Tezel
- Artie McFerrin, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Chemical Engineering Department, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Turkey.
| | - Kailash Arole
- Artie McFerrin, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dustin E Holta
- Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Miladin Radovic
- Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Micah J Green
- Artie McFerrin, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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