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Ahmad Wagay S, Riaz U, Alam M, Ali R. Evaluation of naked-eye sensing and anion binding studies in meso-fluorescein substituted one-walled calix[4]pyrrole (C4P). RSC Adv 2024; 14:7786-7796. [PMID: 38444971 PMCID: PMC10912976 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08362d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we have design, synthesized and fully characterized a new meso-fluorescein substituted one-walled calix[4]pyrrole (C4P7), obtained from simple and easily available starting materials such as fluorescein, 4-hydroxyacetophenone and pyrrole. The anion sensing studies reveal that the C4P7 system displays selective and sensitive naked-eye sensing towards fluoride, phosphate, and acetate anions with the limit of detection of 4.27 mg L-1, 6.4 mg L-1, and 5.94 mg L-1, respectively. Moreover, the C4P7 receptor displays good results of binding (host-guest, 1 : 1) towards a variety of anions. The 1 : 1 binding stoichiometry was further confirmed by means of Job's plots. TD-DFT calculations showed that the HOMO-LUMO gap decreases in all the complexes (C4P7@anions) in comparison to the free C4P7 system. The authors are of the opinion that this work may provide a good platform to explore calix[4]pyrrole chemistry in the arena of recognition/sensing of biologically significant analytes in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafieq Ahmad Wagay
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia Okhla New Delhi 110025 India +91-7011867613
| | - Ufana Riaz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Carolina Central University 27707 USA
| | - Manawwer Alam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P. O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia Okhla New Delhi 110025 India +91-7011867613
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Dutta S, Sahana A. Ratiometric fluorescence-based and chromogenic sensors for the detection of fluoride ions and their application in real samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:344-370. [PMID: 38167884 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01840g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on the results of synthetic ratiometric fluorescent and colorimetric probes, which have been applied to qualitatively and quantitatively detect fluoride anions in cells, living organisms, and real samples. Primary attention is given to progress made in the working mechanism and applications of these probes to detect fluoride ions in living systems. In addition, design strategies and detection limit for these probes are discussed. This review aims to deliver a comprehensive compilation of the examples reported from 2005 to 2021 on the developments of ratiometric chromogenic and fluorogenic chemosensors for fluoride anions. A total of 20 different ratiometric/colorimetric sensors have been selected for the novelty in their design, sensitivity, detection limit, dynamic range, and speed of detection based on the three fundamental principles of F- ion detection, namely Si-O bond cleavage; excimer emission; and intramolecular charge transfer emission through the B-F monomer, B-F-B bridged dimers, and deprotonation of the amide N-H. Special emphasis has been given to categorize the fluorophores that work in aqueous media, and possible strategies that might be adopted to design green sensors are discussed. Finally, a tabular summary of the comparative studies of all the sensors based on their sensitivity, detection limit, working solvent, and applications is provided. This extensive review may expedite improvements in the development of advanced fluorescent probes for vast and stimulating applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Nistarini College, Purulia, West Bengal, PIN-723101, India.
| | - Animesh Sahana
- Department of Chemistry, Nistarini College, Purulia, West Bengal, PIN-723101, India.
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Yadav I, Osterloh WR, Kadish KM, Sankar M. Synthesis, Spectral, Redox, and Sensing Studies of β-Dicyanovinyl-Appended Corroles and Their Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7738-7752. [PMID: 37146287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A new family of β-dicyanovinyl (DCV)-appended corroles represented as MTPC(MN) (where M = 3H, Cu, Ag, and Co(PPh3) and MN = malononitrile and TPC = 5,10,15-triphenylcorrole) were synthesized starting from the free base mono β-formyl corrole, H3TPC(CHO), and characterized along with their respective MTPC(CHO) and MTPC complexes as to their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties in nonaqueous media. Comparisons between the two series of corroles demonstrate a pronounced substituent effect of the β-DCV group on the physicochemical properties making the MTPC(MN) derivatives substantially easier to reduce and more difficult to oxidize than the formyl or unsubstituted corroles. In addition, the colorimetric and spectral detection of 11 different anions (X) in the form of tetrabutylammonium salts (TBAX, X = PF6-, OAc-, H2PO4-, CN-, HSO4-, NO3-, ClO4-, F-, Cl-, Br-, and I-) were also investigated in nonaqueous media. Of the investigated anions, only CN- was found to induce changes in the UV-vis and 1H NMR spectra of the β-DCV metallocorroles. This data revealed that CuTPC(MN) and AgTPC(MN) act as chemodosimeters for selective cyanide ion detection via a nucleophilic attack at the vinylic carbon of the DCV substituent, while (PPh3)CoTPC(MN) acts as a chemosensor for cyanide ion sensing via axial coordination to the cobalt metal center. A low-limit detection of cyanide ions was observed at 1.69 ppm for CuTPC(MN) and 1.17 ppm for AgTPC(MN) in toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderpal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - W Ryan Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Karl M Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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El Guesmi N. Synthesis, Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Novel Formazan Analogs Incorporated Fluorene Moiety. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nizar El Guesmi
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Applied Sciences Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
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Li Z, Wang Y, Xu C, Li X, Zhang B. A cycloruthenated 2-phenylimidazole: chromogenic sensor for nitrite in acidic buffer and fluoride in CH 3CN. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj05227j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A cycloruthenated 2-phenylimidazole as a colorimetric sensor can detect fluoride in CH3CN by a great red-shift in absorption. However, it demonstrated sensitivity and selectivity to nitrite rather than fluoride in acidic buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yirong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ce Xu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xianghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bingguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
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Battison A, Schoeman S, Mama N. A Coumarin-azo Derived Colorimetric Chemosensor for Hg 2+ Detection in Organic and Aqueous Media and its Extended Real-world Applications. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:267-285. [PMID: 36413253 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pollution caused by the release of toxic heavy metals into the environment by industrial and farming processes has been regarded as a major problem worldwide. This has attracted a great deal of attention into restoration and remediation. Mercury is classified as a toxic heavy metal which has posed significant challenges to public and environmental health. To date, conventional methods for mercury detection rely on expensive, destructive, complex, and highly specialized methods. Evidently, there is a need to develop systems capable of easily identifying and quantifying mercury within the environment. In this way, organic-based colorimetric chemosensors are gaining increasing popularity due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, ease of design, naked-eye, and on-site detection ability. The formation of coumarin-azo derivative AD1 was carried out by a conventional diazotization reaction with coumarin-amine 1c and N,N-dimethylaniline. Sensor AD1 displayed remarkable visual colour change upon mercury addition with appreciable selectivity and sensitivity. The detection limit was calculated as 0.24 µM. Additionally, the reversible nature of AD1 allowed for the construction of an IMPLICATION type logic gate and Molecular Keypad Lock. Chemosensor AD1 displayed further sensing applications in real-world water samples and towards on-site assay methods. Herein, we describe a coumarin-derived chemosensor bearing an azo (N = N) functionality for the colorimetric and quantitative determination of Hg2+ in organic and aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Battison
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Stiaan Schoeman
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Neliswa Mama
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa.
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Shukla AK, Savita, Mahale A, Kulkarni OP, Bhattacharya A. A modular approach to fluorescent probes: Extending the scope of β-carboline scaffold to selective fluoride sensing and its application in the visualisation of fluoride-induced ROS. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Keyvan Rad J, Balzade Z, Mahdavian AR. Spiropyran-based advanced photoswitchable materials: A fascinating pathway to the future stimuli-responsive devices. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2022.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Gurbanov AV, Andrade MA, Martins LMDRS, Mahmudov KT, Pombeiro AJL. Water-soluble Al( iii), Fe( iii) and Cu( ii) formazanates: synthesis, structure, and applications in alkane and alcohol oxidations. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06211e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure and catalytic performance of water-soluble Al(iii), Fe(iii) and Cu(ii) formazanates in the oxidation of cyclohexane and cyclohexanol to the coresponding organic products are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atash V. Gurbanov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, Baku State University, Z. Xalilov Str. 23, Az 1148 Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Marta A. Andrade
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa M. D. R. S. Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kamran T. Mahmudov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, Baku State University, Z. Xalilov Str. 23, Az 1148 Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Research Institute of Chemistry, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
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Yang L, Li M, Ruan S, Xu X, Wang Z, Wang S. Highly efficient coumarin-derived colorimetric chemosensors for sensitive sensing of fluoride ions and their applications in logic circuits. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 255:119718. [PMID: 33774418 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three new compounds 6-substituted-3-acetylcoumarin 4-(2'-isocamphanyl)thiosemicarbazones (3a, 3b, and 3c) were facilely synthesized and employed as colorimetric chemosensors for fluoride ions. The recognition behaviors of receptors 3a, 3b, and 3c toward F- were investigated by using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. Among them, the receptor 3c displayed more superior sensitivity and rapid response time toward F- with a swift naked-eye color change from colorless to purple, and its detection limit was as low as 6.3 × 10-7 M, and the binding constant was calculated to be 2.58 × 104 M-1. Furthermore, the interaction mechanism between the receptor 3c and F- was studied by 1H NMR, HRMS, and density functional theory (DFT) studies, suggesting that initial formation of a hydrogen-bonded host-guest complex and the subsequent deprotonation of receptor 3c upon the addition of excess F-, which was responsible for the remarkable changes in the absorption spectra of 3c. Besides, a combinatorial logic circuit of IMPLICATION and INHIBITION gates at the molecular level was fabricated using the reversibility of receptor 3c toward F- and Mg2+. Finally, the test strips coated with receptor 3c revealed a good sensitivity for F- in an aqueous medium. Apart from that, the excellent performance of receptor 3c for detecting F- was reconfirmed by grinding them with KBr powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mingxin Li
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shutang Ruan
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhonglong Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Shifa Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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11
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Spectroscopic and electrochemical recognition of H2PO4− based on a ruthenium complex with 2-picolinamide. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Shi H, Li X, Chen H, Xing J, Zhang R, Liu J. A novel colorimetric and ratiometric fluoride ion sensor derived from gallic acid. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03878d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel colorimetric and ratiometric fluoride ion sensor derived from gallic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals
- Nanjing 210037
| | - Xiangguo Li
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals
- Nanjing 210037
| | - Hongjin Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals
- Nanjing 210037
| | - Jieni Xing
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals
- Nanjing 210037
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals
- Nanjing 210037
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals
- Nanjing 210037
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Shi H, Chen H, Li X, Xing J, Zhang G, Zhang R, Liu J. A simple colorimetric and ratiometric fluoride ion probe with large color change. RSC Adv 2020; 11:1-6. [PMID: 35423067 PMCID: PMC8690253 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06782b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two colorimetric and ratiometric fluoride ion probes SHJ-1 and SHJ-2 based on the acylhydrazone skeleton have been developed. Among the eight anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, ClO4 -, H2PO4 -, HSO4 -, CH3COO-), the present probes showed high selectivity and sensitivity toward fluoride ion detection with obvious color change. Notably, the probe SHJ-1 exhibited a red shift of 145 nm upon fluoride sensing, which is the largest value among fluoride ion probes based on acylhydrazone derivates to date. 1HNMR titration study and theoretical calculations suggested that the strong binding of the probe SHJ-1 to fluoride as well as the further deprotonation may facilitate the intramolecular charge transfer transition. These two probes are 1 : 1 complexed with fluoride ions, and the detection limits were calculated to be 1.24 μM for SHJ-1 and 15.73 μM for SHJ-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Shi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Hongjin Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Xiangguo Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Jieni Xing
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Jian Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
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Turkoglu G, Akkoç S. Substituent‐Dependent Absorption Spectra, Electrochemical and Antiproliferative Activity Studies of Some 3‐(4‐(Benzyloxy)phenyl)‐5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐(substitutedphenyl)formazans. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulsen Turkoglu
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Anadolu University 26470 Eskisehir Turkey
| | - Senem Akkoç
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Suleyman Demirel University 32260 Isparta Turkey
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