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Mohapatra D, Patra SA, Pattanayak PD, Sahu G, Sasamori T, Dinda R. Monomeric copper(II) complexes with unsymmetrical salen environment: Synthesis, characterization and study of biological activities. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 253:112497. [PMID: 38290220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Three new ONNO-donor tetradentate unsymmetrical salen ligands were synthesized by using o-phenyl diamine with substituted salicylaldehydes followed by a two-step reaction methodology. These three ligands by reaction with Cu(OAc)2.4H2O produced three new monomeric Cu(II) complexes, [CuII(L1-3)] (1-3). Elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis, NMR, and HR-ESI-MS techniques were used to analyze and characterize all the synthesized ligands and their corresponding metal complexes. Molecular structures of 1-3 were confirmed by the single-crystal-XRD analysis. Furthermore, the DNA binding ability of these complexes was checked through UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and also by circular dichroism studies. All the complexes were found to show an intercalation mode of binding with the Kb value in the range of 104-105 M-1. Finally, 1-3 was tested against two malignant (HeLa and A549) and non-cancerous (NIH-3T3) cell lines to check their in vitro antiproliferative activities. Among all, 1 is the most cytotoxic of the series having IC50 values of 5.7 ± 0.9 and 6.0 ± 0.3 μM against HeLa and A549 cell lines, respectively. This result is also consistent with the DNA binding order. Furthermore, the apoptotic mode of cell death of all the complexes was also evaluated by DAPI, AO/EB, and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Sushree Aradhana Patra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | | | - Gurunath Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- University of Tsukuba, Institute of Natural Sciences B-506, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Rupam Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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Walker AN, Ayala MA, Mondal S, Bergagnini MC, Bui PJD, Chidester SN, Doeden CI, Esjornson L, Sweany BR, Garcia L, Krause JA, Oliver AG, Prior TJ, Hubin TJ. A Bridge too Far? Comparison of Transition Metal Complexes of Dibenzyltetraazamacrocycles with and without Ethylene Cross-Bridges: X-ray Crystal Structures, Kinetic Stability, and Electronic Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:895. [PMID: 36677952 PMCID: PMC9863842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraazamacrocycles, cyclic molecules with four nitrogen atoms, have long been known to produce highly stable transition metal complexes. Cross-bridging such molecules with two-carbon chains has been shown to enhance the stability of these complexes even further. This provides enough stability to use the resulting compounds in applications as diverse and demanding as aqueous, green oxidation catalysis all the way to drug molecules injected into humans. Although the stability of these compounds is believed to result from the increased rigidity and topological complexity imparted by the cross-bridge, there is insufficient experimental data to exclude other causes. In this study, standard organic and inorganic synthetic methods were used to produce unbridged dibenzyl tetraazamacrocycle complexes of Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn that are analogues of known cross-bridged tetraazamacrocycles and their transition metal complexes to allow direct comparison of molecules that are identical except for the cross-bridge. The syntheses of the known tetraazamacrocycles and the new transition metal complexes were successful with high yields and purity. Initial chemical characterization of the complexes was conducted by UV-Visible spectroscopy, while cyclic voltammetry showed more marked differences in electronic properties from bridged versions. Direct comparison studies of the unbridged and bridged compounds' kinetic stabilities, as demonstrated by decomposition using high acid concentration and elevated temperature, showed that the cyclen-based complex stability did not benefit from cross-bridging. This is likely due to poor complementarity with the Cu2+ ion while cyclam-based complexes benefited greatly. We conclude that ligand-metal complementarity must be maintained in order for the topological and rigidity constraints imparted by the cross-bridge to contribute significantly to complex robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlie N. Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Megan A. Ayala
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Somrita Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Mackenzie C. Bergagnini
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Phuong John D. Bui
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Stephanie N. Chidester
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Chad I. Doeden
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Louise Esjornson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Brian R. Sweany
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Leslie Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Jeanette A. Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Allen G. Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Timothy J. Prior
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Timothy J. Hubin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
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Bhardwaj V, Salunke PS, Puranik AA, Kulkarni ND, Ballabh A. Design and synthesis of novel heterocyclic pivalamide ligands and their copper(II) complexes: Structure, BSA/DNA interactions and SOD synzyme activity. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ranjan R, Kundu BK, Kyarikwal R, Ganguly R, Mukhopadhyay S. Synthesis of Cu(II) complexes by N,O‐donor ligand transformation and their catalytic role in visible‐light‐driven alcohol oxidation. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore India
| | - Bidyut Kumar Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science Centurion University of Technology and Management Bhubaneswar India
| | - Reena Kyarikwal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore India
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry Shiv Nadar University Greater Noida India
| | - Suman Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore India
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore India
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Bunda S, May NV, Bonczidai-Kelemen D, Udvardy A, Ching HYV, Nys K, Samanipour M, Van Doorslaer S, Joó F, Lihi N. Copper(II) Complexes of Sulfonated Salan Ligands: Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Features and Applications for Catalysis of the Henry Reaction. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11259-11272. [PMID: 34251196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Copper(II) complexes formed with sulfonated salan ligands (HSS) have been synthesized, and their coordination chemistry has been characterized using pH-potentiometry and spectroscopic methods [UV-vis, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and electron-electron double resonance (ELDOR)-detected NMR (EDNMR)] in aqueous solution. Several bridging moieties between the two salicylamine functions were introduced, e.g., ethyl (HSS), propyl (PrHSS), butyl (BuHSS), cyclohexyl (cis-CyHSS, trans-CyHSS), and diphenyl (dPhHSS). All of the investigated ligands feature excellent copper(II) binding ability via the formation of a (O-,N,N,O-) chelate system. The results indicated that the cyclohexyl moiety significantly enhances the stability of the copper(II) complexes. EPR studies revealed that the arrangement of the coordinated donor atoms is more symmetrical around the copper(II) center and similar for HSS, BuHSS, CyHSS, and dPhHSS, respectively, and a higher rhombicity of the g tensor was detected for PrHSS. The copper(II) complexes of the sulfosalan ligands were isolated in solid form also and showed moderate catalytic activity in the Henry (nitroaldol) reaction of aldehydes and nitromethane. The best yield for nitroaldol production was obtained for copper(II) complexes of PrHSS and BuHSS, although their metal binding ability is moderate compared to that of the cyclohexyl counterparts. However, these complexes possess larger spin density on the nitrogen nuclei than that for the other cases, which alters their catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Bunda
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Nóra V May
- Centre for Structural Science, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest H-1519, Hungary
| | - Dóra Bonczidai-Kelemen
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.,Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Antal Udvardy
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - H Y Vincent Ching
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerpen B-2610, Belgium
| | - Kevin Nys
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerpen B-2610, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Samanipour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerpen B-2610, Belgium
| | - Sabine Van Doorslaer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerpen B-2610, Belgium
| | - Ferenc Joó
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.,MTA-DE Redox and Homogeneous Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Norbert Lihi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.,MTA-DE Redox and Homogeneous Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
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Synthesis, characterization and DFT studies of novel –CH2– capped and non-capped salan complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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