1
|
New Dinuclear Macrocyclic Copper(II) Complexes as Potentially Fluorescent and Magnetic Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033017. [PMID: 36769351 PMCID: PMC9918273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Two dinuclear copper(II) complexes with macrocyclic Schiff bases K1 and K2 were prepared by the template reaction of (R)-(+)-1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-diamine and 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-benzenedicarboxaldehyde K1, or 4-tert-butyl-2,6-diformylphenol K2 with copper(II) chloride dihydrate. The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. X-ray crystal structure determination and DFT calculations confirmed their geometry in solution and in the solid phase. Moreover, intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure of K2 were analyzed using 3D Hirshfeld surfaces and the related 2D fingerprint plots. The magnetic study revealed very strong antiferromagnetic CuII-CuII exchange interactions, which were supported by magneto-structural correlation and DFT calculations conducted within a broken symmetry (BS) framework. Complexes K1 and K2 exhibited luminescent properties that may be of great importance in the search for new OLEDs. Both K1 and K2 complexes showed emissions in the range of 392-424 nm in solutions at various polarities. Thin materials of the studied compounds were deposited on Si(111) by the spin-coating method or by thermal vapor deposition and studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and fluorescence spectroscopy. The thermally deposited K1 and K2 materials showed high fluorescence intensity in the range of 318-531 nm for K1/Si and 326-472 nm for the K2/Si material, indicating that they could be used in optical devices.
Collapse
|
2
|
Majumder A, Sk S, Das A, Vijaykumar G, Sahoo MK, Behera JN, Bera M. Ancillary-Ligand-Assisted Variation in Nuclearities Leading to the Formation of Di-, Tri-, and Tetranuclear Copper(II) Complexes with Multifaceted Carboxylate Coordination Chemistry. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39985-39997. [PMID: 36385820 PMCID: PMC9647862 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of a carboxylate-based dinucleating ligand, N,N'-bis[2-carboxybenzomethyl]-N,N'-bis[2-pyridylmethyl]-1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol (H3cpdp), and copper(II) ions in the presence of various exogenous ancillary ligands results in the formation of the new dinuclear complex [Cu2(cpdp)(μ-Hisophth)]4·2H2isophth·21H2O (1), trinuclear complex [Cu3(Hcpdp)(Cl)4] (2), and tetranuclear complex [Cu4(cpdp)(μ-Hphth)(μ4-phth)(piconol)(Cl)2]·3H2O (3) (H2phth = phthalic acid; H2isophth = isophthalic acid; piconol = 2-pyridinemethanol; Cl- = chloride). In methanol-water, the reaction of H3cpdp with CuCl2·2H2O at room temperature leads to the formation of 2. On the other hand, 1 and 3 have been obtained by carrying out the reaction of H3cpdp with CuCl2·2H2O/m-C6H4(CO2Na)2 and CuCl2·2H2O/o-C6H4(CO2Na)2/piconol, respectively, in methanol-water in the presence of NaOH at ambient temperature. All three complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar electrical conductivity and magnetic moment measurements, FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and PXRD, including single-crystal X-ray structural analyses. The molecular structure of 1 is based on a μ-alkoxide and μ-isophthalate-bridged dimeric [Cu2] core; the structure of 2 represents a trimeric [Cu3] core in which a μ-alcohol-bridged dinuclear [Cu2] unit is exclusively coupled with a [CuCl2] species by two μ:η1:η1-syn-anti carboxylate groups forming a triangular motif; the structure of 3 embodies a tetrameric [Cu4] core, with two copper(II) ions in a distorted-octahedral coordination environment, one copper(II) ion in a distorted-trigonal-bipyramidal coordination environment, and the other copper(II) ion in a square-planar coordination environment. In fact, 2 and 3 represent rare examples of copper(II)-based multinuclear complexes showing outstanding features of rich coordination chemistry: (i) using a symmetrical dinucleating ligand, trinuclear complex 2 is generated with four- and five-coordination environments around copper(II) ions; (ii) the unsymmetrical tetranuclear complex 3 is obtained by using the same ligand with four-, five- and six-coordination environments around copper(II) ions; (iii) tetracopper(II) complex 3 shows four different bridging modes of carboxylate groups simultaneously such as μ:η2, μ:η1:η1, μ3:η2:η1:η1, and μ4:η1:η1:η1:η1, the μ4:η1:η1:η1:η1 mode of phthalate being unprecedented. The formation of these [Cu2], [Cu3], and [Cu4] complexes can be controlled by changing the exogenous ancillary ligands and pH of the reaction solutions, thus allowing an effective tuning of the self-assembly. The magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest that the copper centers in all three complexes are antiferromagnetically coupled. The thermal properties of 1-3 have been investigated by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analytical (TGA and DTA) techniques, indicating that the decomposition of all three complexes proceeds via multistep processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Majumder
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Sujan Sk
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Arpan Das
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education & Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Gonela Vijaykumar
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education & Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Malaya K. Sahoo
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education & Research, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National
Institute, Bhubaneswar, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - J. N. Behera
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education & Research, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National
Institute, Bhubaneswar, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Manindranath Bera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang J, Liao G, Liu X, Zhao S, Yang Z. Three water-soluble acylhydrazone tetranuclear transition metal complexes: Crystal structures, DNA/BSA interactions and cytotoxicity studies. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 236:111941. [PMID: 35940040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
2-acetylpyridine-4-chloropyridine-2‑carbonyl hydrazone (C13H11ClN4O, HL) and its three water-soluble tetranuclear complexes [Cu4(NO3)2(L)4]·(NO3)2 (1), [Co4(NO3)2(H2O)(C2H5OH)(L)4]·(NO3)2 (2) and [Zn4(NO3)2(H2O)(C2H5OH)(L)4]·(NO3)2 (3) were synthesized and characterized showing that 1-3 were all tetranuclear complexes. The interactions of HL, 1-3 with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were explored using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) titration, fluorescence spectroscopy, microcalorimetry and molecular docking techniques. The UV-Vis spectroscopy measurements showed that complexes 1-3 could strongly bind to CT-DNA by the intercalation mode, while HL interacted with CT-DNA through groove binding. From the fluorescence spectroscopy results, the interaction between HL, 1-3 and BSA was a static quenching procedure, in which complexes 1-3 had two binding sites near Trp residues of BSA while HL only had one. The microcalorimetric studies revealed that the interactions of HL and 1-3 to CT-DNA/BSA were all endothermic and the duration of each interaction was all less than 30 min. The in silico molecular docking illustrated intermolecular interactions of 1-3 binding with DNA/BSA included hydrogen bond, halogen bond, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay indicated that complex 1 possessed better cytotoxicity against HeLa, A549, MCF7 and HCT-116 than cisplatin and could be used as an alternative anticancer drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Genghui Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Xiangrong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
| | - Shunsheng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Zaiwen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu M, Yan K, Wen J, Liu W, Wang M, Wang L, Wang X. Synthesis of Substituted 1‐Hydroxy‐2‐Naphthaldehydes by Rhodium‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Activation and Vinylene Transfer of Enaminones with Vinylene Carbonate. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Ji Ning Shi Qufu 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Kelu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Ji Ning Shi Qufu 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Ji Ning Shi Qufu 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Network Security and Information Management Center Jining University Ji Ning Shi Qufu 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Ji Ning Shi Qufu 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Ji Ning Shi Qufu 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Ji Ning Shi Qufu 273165 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Iman K, Raza MK, Ansari M, Monika, Ansari A, Ahmad M, Ahamad MN, Qasem KMA, Hussain S, Akhtar MN, Shahid M. Novel {Cu 4} and {Cu 4Cd 6} clusters derived from flexible aminoalcohols: synthesis, characterization, crystal structures, and evaluation of anticancer properties. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:11941-11953. [PMID: 34378588 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00324k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new copper clusters, {Cu4} and {Cu4Cd6}, with polydentate aminoalcohol ligands, diethanol propanolamine (H3L1) and bis-tris{2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol} (H6L2), have been synthesized under mild conditions and characterized thoroughly by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, powder XRD, magnetic and DFT studies, and absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The cluster {Cu4} exhibits a rare tetranuclear copper cubane core whereas {Cu4Cd6} forms an unusual heterometallic cage owing to the introduction of the second metal Cd into the ligand. A hexapodal ligand (H6L2) with N and O donor atoms was chosen deliberately for the construction of a high-nuclearity cluster, i.e., {Cu4Cd6}. Interestingly, both the clusters displayed significant cytotoxicity towards human cervical (HeLa) and lung (A549) cancer cells as evident from the shallow IC50 values [15.6 ± 0.8 μM (HeLa), 18.5 ± 1.9 μM (A549) for {Cu4}, and 11.1 ± 1.5 μM (HeLa), 10.2 ± 1.3 μM (A549) for {Cu4Cd6}] obtained after a 24 h incubation. However, moderate toxicity was observed toward immortalized lung epithelial normal cells (HPL1D) with IC50 values of 32.4 ± 1.2 μM for {Cu4} and 27.6 ± 1.7 μM for {Cu4Cd6}. A cellular apoptotic study using HeLa cells revealed that the {Cu4} cluster triggered apoptosis at both the early and late phases while the {Cu4Cd6} cluster facilitate apoptosis mainly at the late apoptotic stage. A standard 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) test affirms that both the clusters enhanced ROS production inside the cancer cells, responsible for promoting cell apoptosis. The decanuclear {Cu4Cd6} clusters demonstrated better anticancer activity compared to the tetranuclear {Cu4} clusters, indicating the role of high nuclearity and additional Cd metal in the enhanced intracellular production of ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Iman
- Functional Inorganic Materials Lab (FIML), Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|