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Hao J, Wei Y, Li L, Lü C, An Y. Highly sensitive fluorescent triarylimidazole derivatives for sensing of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol in aqueous solution and its application for actual environment detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123753. [PMID: 38091647 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Two highly sensitive fluorescent triarylimidazole derivatives were synthesized by modifying imidazole with coumarin and large conjugate rigid plane structure. XM-F and XM-L emitted bright yellow-green fluorescent light. Their intense conjugation system generated strong π-π electrostatic interactions with TNP, accompanied by the formation of hydrogen bonds to achieve rapid detection of TNP within 25 s. The detection limits were as low as 0.049 μM and 0.071 μM, respectively. Probes had been successfully applied to rapid detection of TNP in real water samples and manufactured into portable fluorescent test strips. In view of excellent performance of XM-F, it was used to achieve real-time, portable, on-site quantitative detection of TNP by a colorimeter and a smartphone platform. In addition, XM-F also successfully processed into probe-coated TLC plates for efficient detection of fingerprints contaminated with TNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Hao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian 116029, PR China
| | - Yao Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian 116029, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian 116029, PR China
| | - Chengwei Lü
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian 116029, PR China.
| | - Yue An
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian 116029, PR China
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2
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Satheeshkumar K, Saravanakumar P, Kalavathi A, Vennila KN, Elango KP. Spectroscopic and TD-DFT studies on the chromo-fluorogenic detection of cyanide ions in organic and aquo-organic media. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:123054. [PMID: 37364411 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A new naked-eye chromogenic and fluorogenic probe KS5 has been developed for the detection of CN- ions in neat DMSO and H2O:DMSO (1:1 v/v) media. The probe KS5 exhibited selectivity towards CN- and F- ions in organic and high selectivity towards CN- ions in aquo-organic media resulting in a colour change from brown to colourless and a turn-on fluorescence response. The probe could able to detect CN- ions via a deprotonation process, which was conceived by consecutive addition of hydroxide and hydrogen ions and confirmed using 1H NMR studies. The limit of detection (LOD) of KS5 towards CN- ions were in the range of 0.07-0.62 µM in both these solvent systems. Suppression of intra-molecular charge transfer (ICT) transition and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process of KS5 by the added CN- ions are responsible for the chromogenic and fluorogenic changes observed, respectively. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) calculations strongly supported the proposed mechanism along with the optical properties of the probe before and after the addition of CN- ions. To prove the practical applicability, KS5 was successfully utilized to detect CN- ions in cassava powder and bitter almonds as well as to determine CN- ions in various real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Satheeshkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India
| | - P Saravanakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India
| | - A Kalavathi
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India
| | - K N Vennila
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India
| | - Kuppanagounder P Elango
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India.
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3
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Kalavathi A, Satheeshkumar K, Dharaniprabha V, Vennila KN, Elango KP. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies on the Selective Detection of Cyanide Ions by a Turn-On Fluorescent Chemo-Dosimeter and its Application in Living Cell Imaging. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03509-4. [PMID: 38008863 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
A new chemo-dosimeter AK4 containing quinoline fluorophore has rationally been designed, synthesised and characterized using 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectral techniques. The probe senses explicitly CN- ion through a dramatic enhancement in fluorescence over other commonly coexistent anions in H2O:DMSO (9:1 v/v) medium over a broad pH range (4-10). 1H NMR titration revealed the deprotonation followed by nucleophilic addition reaction of CN-, which was supported by 13C NMR and mass spectral examinations. The Job's continuous variation method indicated the formation of a 1:1 adduct between AK4 and CN- with a binding constant of 1.62 × 104 M-1. A limit of detection (LOD) towards CN- of 0.69 µM has been determined, which is much lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limit of CN- in drinking water (1.9 µM). The changes in the optical properties of AK4 upon reaction with CN- were delineated using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) calculations. Moreover, fluorescence microscopic studies established that AK4 could be an effective probe for imaging intracellular CN- in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kalavathi
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, 624302, India
| | - K Satheeshkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, 624302, India
| | - V Dharaniprabha
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, 624302, India
| | - K N Vennila
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, 624302, India
| | - Kuppanagounder P Elango
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, 624302, India.
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4
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Imidazole-derived new colorimetric/fluorometric chemosensor for the sensitive recognition of CN− ions: Real-time application in food samples and fluorescence bio-imaging. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Keleş E, Aydıner B, Seferoğlu Z. Nucleophilic Approach to Cyanide Sensing by Chemosensors. Curr Org Synth 2023; 20:61-76. [PMID: 34939545 DOI: 10.2174/1570179419666211221163435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyanide anion has wide use in industrial areas; however, it has a high toxic effect on the environment as waste. Moreover, plant seeds contain cyanide that is often consumed by human beings. Therefore, many studies are carried out to determine cyanide. Especially, optical sensors showing colorimetric and fluorimetric changes have been of considerable interest due to their easy, cheap, and fast responses. This review discusses recent developments in the colorimetric and fluorimetric detection of cyanide by nucleophilic addition to different types of receptors via the chemodosimeter approach. The sensitivity and selectivity of the sensors have been reviewed for changes in absorption and fluorescence, naked-eye detection, real sample application, and detection limits when interacting with cyanide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergin Keleş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
- Technological Dyes and Materials Application and Research Center (TEBAM), Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Aydıner
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
- Technological Dyes and Materials Application and Research Center (TEBAM), Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynel Seferoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
- Technological Dyes and Materials Application and Research Center (TEBAM), Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Özbek BB, Aktan E, Seferoğlu Z. Novel push–pull organic dyes bearing Indan-2-one/Inden-1-ylidene and coumarin: Synthesis and photophysical properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Nikolaeva OG, Popova OS, Dubonosova IV, Karlutova OY, Dubonosov AD, Bren VA, Minkin VI. Spectral-Luminescent and Ionochromic Properties of Azomethine Imine-Coumarin Conjugates. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222050139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gao G, Li X, Lü C, An Y. Accurately selected 1,3,4-thiadiazole and coumarin unit to construct fluorescent probes that effectively detect 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 270:120784. [PMID: 35016062 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two remarkablely fluorimetric probes were developed to rapidly detect 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). With the help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we confirmed that using 1,3,4-thiadiazole skeleton as recognition group and coumarin unit as fluorophore would show excellent application prospects in terms of TNP detection. The probes LK-1 and LK-2 displayed green and orange emission with fluorescence quenching yield as high as 83.7% and 75.1% in solution. Further evaluation demonstrated that they display outstanding selectivity and sensitivity for rapid and visual detection of TNP. Both fluorescent color and fluorescence emission spectrum had significant changes and these phenomena could easily observe via naked-eye and analytical instrument. The detection limits of them were 97 nM and 71 nM. What's more, application in real water samples and solid phase paper tests illustrated the practical significance of detection of TNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian 116029, PR China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian 116029, PR China
| | - Chengwei Lü
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian 116029, PR China.
| | - Yue An
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian 116029, PR China
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10
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Jothi D, Munusamy S, Manoj Kumar S, Enbanathan S, Kulathu Iyer S. A benzothiazole-based new fluorogenic chemosensor for the detection of CN - and its real-time application in environmental water samples and living cells. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8570-8577. [PMID: 35424806 PMCID: PMC8984840 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08846g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the cyanide ion is used in a wide range of industries and is harmful to both human health and the environment, a number of research efforts are dedicated to creating fluorescence sensors for the detection of cyanide (CN-). Herein, for the fluorescence detection of CN-, a new highly selective and sensitive sensor 2-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione (BID) was created by conjugating a benzothiazole moiety with 1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione. The donor and acceptor components of this hybrid receptor were covalently connected through a double bond. The nucleophilic addition of a cyanide anion to the BID inhibits the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transition, resulting in spectral and colour alterations in the receptor. When the solvent polarity was increased from n-hexane to methanol, this molecule exhibited a bathochromic shift in the emission wavelength (610 to 632 nm), suggesting the presence of a solvatochromic action. The sensor BID has shown strong specificity towards CN- by interrupting its internal charge transfer (ICT), resulting in a significant change in the UV-vis spectrum and a notable blue shift in the fluorescence emission spectrum. The cyanide anion (CN-) is responsible for the optical alterations observed by BID, as opposed to the other anions examined. The detection limit was 5.97 nM, significantly less than the WHO's permitted amount of CN- in drinking water. The experimental findings indicate that BID's fluorescence response to CN- is pH insensitive throughout a wide pH range of 6.0 to 12.0. The interaction mechanism between the BID and CN- ions has been studied by HRMS, 1H-NMR titration experiments, FT-IR, and DFT, which confirmed the nucleophilic addition of CN- on vinylidene and subsequent disturbance of ICT. Additionally, we demonstrated the real-time detection application of CN- in environmental water samples and live-cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanapal Jothi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
| | - Sathishkumar Munusamy
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Selin Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
| | - Saravanan Enbanathan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
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11
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Zhou Z, Hu H, Xia L, Li G, Xiao X. A bisspiropyran fluorescent probe for the selective and rapid detection of cyanide anion in liqueurs. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05773a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel bisspiropyran-fluorescent probe was synthesized and applied in the selective and rapid CN− detection in liqueurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Hu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Xiao
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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12
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Pundi A, Chen J, Chang CJ, Hsieh SR, Lee MC, Chou CH, Way TD. Naked-eye colorimetric and turn-on fluorescent Schiff base sensor for cyanide and aluminum (III) detection in food samples and cell imaging applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 262:120139. [PMID: 34245971 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new efficient Schiff base sensor SB3 for fluorescent and colorimetric "naked-eye" "turn-on" sensing of cyanide anion (CN-) with excellent sensitivity and selectivity was developed. The 4,4'-(perfluoropropane-2,2-diyl)bisphenol group and two phenyl groups were covalently linked by two C = N bonds to extend the conjugation length. The four hydroxyl groups can improve the water solubility of the SB3 sensor. The SB3 sensor exhibited high specificity towards CN- by interrupting its intramolecular charge transfer, resulting in a color change and remarkable "turn-on" green fluorescence emission. The sensing mechanism is caused by the nucleophilic addition of CN- toward imine groups of the SB3 sensor, leading to breaks of the conjugation, fluorescent spectral changes, and color change. It was confirmed by 1H NMR titration and Mass spectra. The detection limits for CN- and Al3+obtained by fluorescence spectrum are 0.80 µM and 0.25 µM, respectively. The SB3 sensor can act as an efficient chemical sensor for detecting the CN- and Al3+ ions under common environmental and physiological conditions (pH 5-12). Besides, the sensor can also detect CN- in food materials (such as sprouting potatoes and cassava flour) and imaging CN-in living cells with strong "turn-on" fluorescence at 490 nm. SB3 is an excellent CN- sensor that exhibits some advantages, including easy synthesis, distinct fluorescence and color change, high selectivity, low detection limit, and good anti-interference ability to analyze solution and food samples, together with fluorescence cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul Pundi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jemkun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec.4, Keelung Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Jung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shih-Rong Hsieh
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, 88, Sec. 1, Fengxing Road, Tanzi, Taichung 427, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Ching Lee
- Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Section 4, Taichung 40705, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Hung Chou
- Program for Biotechnology Industry, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Program for Biotechnology Industry, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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13
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Abdou MM, Abu-Rayyan A, Bedir AG, Abdel-Fattah S, Omar AMA, Ahmed AA, El-Desoky ESI, Ghaith EA. 3-(Bromoacetyl)coumarins: unraveling their synthesis, chemistry, and applications. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38391-38433. [PMID: 35493203 PMCID: PMC9044231 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05574g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review emphasizes recent developments in synthetic routes of 3-(bromoacetyl)coumarin derivatives. Also, chemical reactions of 3-(bromoacetyl)coumarins as versatile building blocks in the preparation of critical polyfunctionalized heterocyclic systems and other industrially significant scaffolds are described. Recent advances of 3-(bromoacetyl)coumarins as attractive starting points towards a wide scale of five and six-membered heterocyclic systems such as thiophenes, imidazoles, pyrazoles, thiazoles, triazoles, pyrans, pyridines, thiadiazins as well as fused heterocyclic systems have been reported. Additionally, this review covers a wide range of analytical chemistry, fluorescent sensors, and biological applications of these moieties, covering the literature till May 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moaz M Abdou
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Nasr City Cairo 11727 Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abu-Rayyan
- Faculty of Science, Applied Science Private University P. O. BOX 166 Amman 11931 Jordan
| | - Ahmed G Bedir
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Nasr City Cairo 11727 Egypt
| | - S Abdel-Fattah
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Nasr City Cairo 11727 Egypt
| | - A M A Omar
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Nasr City Cairo 11727 Egypt
| | - Abdullah A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Cairo 11884 Egypt
| | - El-Sayed I El-Desoky
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Eslam A Ghaith
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt
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Shahid M, Chawla HM. Hydrogen bond and nucleophilicity motifs in the design of molecular probes for CN− and F− ions. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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An effective fluorescent optical sensor: Thiazolo-thiazole based dye exhibiting anion/cation sensitivities and acidochromism. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Munusamy S, Swaminathan S, Jothi D, Muralidharan VP, Iyer SK. A sensitive and selective BINOL based ratiometric fluorescence sensor for the detection of cyanide ions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15656-15662. [PMID: 35481207 PMCID: PMC9029250 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01213d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly selective, novel BINOL based sensor BBCN has been developed for the fluorescent ratiometric detection of cyanide ions (CN−). The optical study revealed that BBCN exhibited unique spectral changes only with cyanide ions in the presence of other competing ions. Besides, an apparent fluorescent colour change from green to blue was observed. A clear linear relationship was observed between the fluorescence ratiometric ratio of BBCN and the concentration of CN− with a reasonably low detection limit (LOD) of 189 nM (507 ppb). The optical response was due to the nucleophilic addition of CN− to the dicyanovinyl group of the sensor, which compromises the probe's intramolecular charge transfer. This mechanism was well confirmed by Job's plot, 1H-NMR and ESI-MS studies. BBCN showed immediate spectral response towards (1 second) CN− and detection could be realized in a broad pH window. Furthermore, the practical utility of BBCN was studied by test paper-based analysis and the detection of CN− in various water resources. A highly selective, novel BINOL based sensor BBCN has been developed for the fluorescent ratiometric detection of cyanide ions (CN−).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathishkumar Munusamy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
| | - Sathish Swaminathan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
| | - Dhanapal Jothi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
| | - Vivek Panyam Muralidharan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
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