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Verma SK, Rangappa S, Verma R, Xue F, Verma S, Sharath Kumar KS, Rangappa KS. Sulfur (S Ⅵ)-containing heterocyclic hybrids as antibacterial agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its SAR. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107241. [PMID: 38437761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of new small molecule-based inhibitors is an attractive field in medicinal chemistry. Structurally diversified heterocyclic derivatives have been investigated to combat multi-drug resistant bacterial infections and they offers several mechanism of action. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming more and more deadly to humans because of its simple method of transmission, quick development of antibiotic resistance, and ability to cause hard-to-treat skin and filmy diseases. The sulfur (SVI) particularly sulfonyl and sulfonamide based heterocyclic moieties, have found to be good anti-MRSA agents. The development of new nontoxic, economical and highly active sulfur (SVI) containing derivatives has become hot research topics in drug discovery research. Presently, more than 150 FDA approved Sulfur (SVI)-based drugs are available in the market, and they are widely used to treat various types of diseases with different therapeutic potential. The present collective data provides the latest advancements in Sulfur (SVI)-hybrid compounds as antibacterial agents against MRSA. It also examines the outcomes of in-vitro and in-vivo investigations, exploring potential mechanisms of action and offering alternative perspectives on the structure-activity relationship (SAR). Sulfur (SVI)-hybrids exhibits synergistic effects with existing drugs to provide antibacterial action against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagar 571448, India
| | - Rameshwari Verma
- School of New Energy, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Fan Xue
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, PR China
| | - Shekhar Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
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Vafaie A, Raveshi MR, Devendran C, Nosrati R, Neild A. Making immotile sperm motile using high-frequency ultrasound. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2864. [PMID: 38354240 PMCID: PMC10866541 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Sperm motility is a natural selection with a crucial role in both natural and assisted reproduction. Common methods for increasing sperm motility are by using chemicals that cause embryotoxicity, and the multistep washing requirements of these methods lead to sperm DNA damage. We propose a rapid and noninvasive mechanotherapy approach for increasing the motility of human sperm cells by using ultrasound operating at 800 mW and 40 MHz. Single-cell analysis of sperm cells, facilitated by droplet microfluidics, shows that exposure to ultrasound leads to up to 266% boost to motility parameters of relatively immotile sperm, and as a result, 72% of these immotile sperm are graded as progressive after exposure, with a swimming velocity greater than 5 micrometer per second. These promising results offer a rapid and noninvasive clinical method for improving the motility of sperm cells in the most challenging assisted reproduction cases to replace intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with less invasive treatments and to improve assisted reproduction outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Vafaie
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mohammad Reza Raveshi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Citsabehsan Devendran
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Zhao X, Verma R, Sridhara MB, Sharath Kumar KS. Fluorinated azoles as effective weapons in fight against methicillin-resistance staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its SAR studies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:106975. [PMID: 37992426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its difficult-to-treat skin and filmsy diseases are making MRSA a threat to human life. The most dangerous feature is the fast emergence of MRSA resistance to all recognized antibiotics, including vancomycin. The creation of novel, effective, and non-toxic drug candidates to combat MRSA isolates is urgently required. Fluorine containing small molecules have taken a centre stage in the field of drug development. Over the last 50 years, there have been a growing number of fluorinated compounds that have been approved since the clinical usage of fluorinated corticosteroids in the 1950 s and fluoroquinolones in the 1980 s. Due to its advantages in terms of potency and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), fluoro-pharmaceuticals have been regarded as a potent and useful tool in the rational drug design method. The flexible bioactive fluorinated azoles are ideal candidates for the development of new antibiotics. This review summarizes the decade developments of fluorinated azole derivatives with a wide antibacterial activity against diverged MRSA strains. In specific, we correlated the efficacy of structurally varied fluorinated azole analogues including thiazole, benzimidazole, oxadiazole and pyrazole against MRSA and discussed different angles of structure-activity relationship (SAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanming Zhao
- Energy Engineering College, Yulin University, Yulin City-719000, P. R. China
| | - Rameshwari Verma
- School of New Energy, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - M B Sridhara
- Department of Chemistry, Rani Channamma University, Vidyasangama, Belagavi 591156, India
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Zha GF, Preetham HD, Rangappa S, Sharath Kumar KS, Girish YR, Rakesh KP, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Rangappa KS. Benzimidazole analogues as efficient arsenals in war against methicillin-resistance staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its SAR studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105175. [PMID: 34298242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule based inhibitors development is a growing field in medicinal chemistry. In recent years, different heterocyclic derivatives have been designed to counter the infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria. Indeed, small molecule inhibitors can be employed as an efficient antibacterial agents with different mechanism of action. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming lethal to mankind due to easy transmission mode, rapid resistance development to existing antibiotics and affect difficult-to-treat skin and filmsy diseases. Benzimidazoles are a class of heterocyclic compounds which have capability to fight against MRSA. High biocompatibility of benzimidazoles, synergistic behaviour with antibiotics and their tunable physico-chemical properties attracted the researchers to develop new benzimidazole based antibacterial agents. The present review focus on recent developments of benzimidazole-hybrid molecules as anti MRSA agents and the results of in-vitro and in-vivo studies with possible mechanism of action and discussing structure-activity relationship (SAR) in different directions. Benzimdazoles act as DNA binding agents, enzyme inhibitors, anti-biofilm agents and showed synergistic effect with available antibiotics to achieve antibacterial activity against MRSA. This cumulative figures would help to design new benzimidazole-based MRSA growth inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Feng Zha
- Scientific Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhan 518107, China.
| | - Habbanakuppe D Preetham
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, India
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagar, Nagamangala Taluk, Mandya District 571448, India
| | | | - Yarabahally R Girish
- Centre for Research and Innovations, School of Natural Sciences, BGSIT, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara, Mandya, 571448, India
| | - Kadalipura P Rakesh
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
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Structure-based redesigning of pentoxifylline analogs against selective phosphodiesterases to modulate sperm functional competence for assisted reproductive technologies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12293. [PMID: 34112881 PMCID: PMC8192908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, such as pentoxifylline (PTX), are used as pharmacological agents to enhance sperm motility in assisted reproductive technology (ART), mainly to aid the selection of viable sperm in asthenozoospermic ejaculates and testicular spermatozoa, prior to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). However, PTX is reported to induce premature acrosome reaction (AR) and, exert toxic effects on oocyte function and early embryo development. Additionally, in vitro binding studies as well as computational binding free energy (ΔGbind) suggest that PTX exhibits weak binding to sperm PDEs, indicating room for improvement. Aiming to reduce the adverse effects and to enhance the sperm motility, we designed and studied PTX analogues. Using structure-guided in silico approach and by considering the physico-chemical properties of the binding pocket of the PDEs, designed analogues of PTX. In silico assessments indicated that PTX analogues bind more tightly to PDEs and form stable complexes. Particularly, ex vivo evaluation of sperm treated with one of the PTX analogues (PTXm-1), showed comparable beneficial effect at much lower concentration-slower AR, higher DNA integrity and extended longevity of spermatozoa and superior embryo quality. PTXm-1 is proposed to be a better pharmacological agent for ART than PTX for sperm function enhancement.
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Verma SK, Verma R, Kumar KSS, Banjare L, Shaik AB, Bhandare RR, Rakesh KP, Rangappa KS. A key review on oxadiazole analogs as potential methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity: Structure-activity relationship studies. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113442. [PMID: 33878562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming dangerous to human beings due to easy transmission mode and leading to the difficult-to-treat situation. The rapid resistance development of MRSA to many approved antibiotics is of major concern. There is a lot of scope to develop novel, efficient, specific, and nontoxic drug candidates to fight against MRSA isolates. The interesting molecular structure and adaptable feature of oxadiazole moiety which are bioisosteres of esters and amides, and these functional groups show improved resistance to esterases mediated hydrolytic cleavage, attracting researchers to develop required novel antibiotics based on oxadiazole core. This review summarizes the developments of oxadiazole-containing derivatives as potent antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant MRSA strains and discussing the structure-activity relationship (SAR) in various directions. The current survey is the highlight of the present scenario of oxadiazole hybrids on MRSA studies, covering articles published from 2011 to 2020. This collective information may become a good platform to plan and develop new oxadiazole-based small molecule growth inhibitors of MRSA with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Verma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Rameshwari Verma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | | | - Laxmi Banjare
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Koni, 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Afzal B Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vignan Pharmacy College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Vadlamudi, 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Richie R Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman Uniersity, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kadalipura P Rakesh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, PR China
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