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Petousis M, Moutsopoulou A, Korlos A, Papadakis V, Mountakis N, Tsikritzis D, Ntintakis I, Vidakis N. The Effect of Nano Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO 2)-Optimized Content in Polyamide 12 (PA12) and Polylactic Acid (PLA) Matrices on Their Thermomechanical Response in 3D Printing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1906. [PMID: 37446421 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The influence of nanoparticles (NPs) in zirconium oxide (ZrO2) as a strengthening factor of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Polyamide 12 (PA12) thermoplastics in material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (AM) is reported herein for the first time. Using a melt-mixing compounding method, zirconium dioxide nanoparticles were added at four distinct filler loadings. Additionally, 3D-printed samples were carefully examined for their material performance in various standardized tests. The unfilled polymers were the control samples. The nature of the materials was demonstrated by Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric studies. Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy were used to comprehensively analyze their morphological characteristics. Zirconium dioxide NPs showed an affirmative reinforcement tool at all filler concentrations, while the optimized material was calculated with loading in the range of 1.0-3.0 wt.% (3.0 wt.% for PA12, 47.7% increase in strength; 1.0 wt.% for PLA, 20.1% increase in strength). PA12 and PLA polymers with zirconium dioxide in the form of nanocomposite filaments for 3D printing applications could be used in implementations using thermoplastic materials in engineering structures with improved mechanical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos Petousis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 714 10 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Amalia Moutsopoulou
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 714 10 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Apostolos Korlos
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, Sindos, 574 00 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Papadakis
- Department of Industrial Design and Production Engineering, University of West Attica, 122 44 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Mountakis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 714 10 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsikritzis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 714 10 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ntintakis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 714 10 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nectarios Vidakis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 714 10 Heraklion, Greece
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Großmann PF, Tonigold M, Szesni N, Fischer RW, Seidel A, Achterhold K, Pfeiffer F, Rieger B. Influence of internal and external surface area on impregnation and activity of 3D printed catalyst carriers. CATAL COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2023.106610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Petousis M, Vidakis N, Mountakis N, Papadakis V, Tzounis L. Three-Dimensional Printed Polyamide 12 (PA12) and Polylactic Acid (PLA) Alumina (Al 2O 3) Nanocomposites with Significantly Enhanced Tensile, Flexural, and Impact Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12234292. [PMID: 36500915 PMCID: PMC9740054 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) as a reinforcing agent of Polyamide 12 (PA12) and Polylactic acid (PLA) in fused filament fabrication (FFF) three-dimensional printing (3DP) is reported herein for the first time. Alumina NPs are incorporated via a melt-mixing compounding process, at four different filler loadings. Neat as well as nanocomposite 3DP filaments are prepared as feedstock for the 3DP manufacturing of specimens which are thoroughly investigated for their mechanical properties. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy (RS) proved the nature of the materials. Their morphological characteristics were thoroughly investigated with scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. Al2O3 NPs exhibited a positive reinforcement mechanism at all filler loadings, while the mechanical percolation threshold with the maximum increase of performance was found between 1.0-2.0 wt.% filler loading (1.0 wt.% for PA12, 41.1%, and 56.4% increase in strength and modulus, respectively; 2.0 wt.% for PLA, 40.2%, and 27.1% increase in strength and modulus, respectively). The combination of 3DP and polymer engineering using nanocomposite PA12 and PLA filaments with low-cost filler additives, e.g., Al2O3 NPs, could open new avenues towards a series of potential applications using thermoplastic engineering polymers in FFF 3DP manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos Petousis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nectarios Vidakis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Mountakis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassilis Papadakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Lazaros Tzounis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810-379864
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The synthesis of Aspirin and Acetobromo-α-D-glucose using 3D printed flow reactors: an undergraduate demonstration. J Flow Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-022-00236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Ong JL, Loy ACM, Teng SY, How BS. Future Paradigm of 3D Printed Ni-Based Metal Organic Framework Catalysts for Dry Methane Reforming: Techno-economic and Environmental Analyses. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15369-15384. [PMID: 35571820 PMCID: PMC9096962 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dry reforming of biogas is referred as an attractive path for sustainable H2 production over decades. Meanwhile, in the Malaysian context, the abundance of palm oil mill effluent (POME) produced annually is deemed as a potential renewable source for renewable energy generation. Conventionally, nickel (Ni) is the most common catalyst used in the industrial-scale dry reforming of methane (DRM) to yield H2, but it is subject to the drawbacks of sintering and deactivation after a long reaction time at high temperatures (>500 °C). Therefore, this work aims to provide an insight on the feasibility of the application of modified Ni-based catalysts in DRM, specifically in the economic and environmental aspects. From the benchmarking study of various Ni-based catalysts (e.g., bimetallic (Ni-Ce/Al2O3), alumina support (Ni/Al2O3), protonated titanate nanotube (Ni-HTNT), and unsupported), the Ni-MOF catalyst, notably, had proven its prominence in both economic and environmental aspects on the same basis of 10 tonnes of H2 production. The MOF-based catalyst not only possessed a better economic performance (net present value 61.86%, 140%, and 563.08% higher than that of Ni-Ce/Al2O3, Ni/Al2O3, and Ni-HTNT) but also had relatively lower carbon emissions (13.18%, 20.09%, and 75.72% lower than that of Ni/Al2O3, Ni-HTNT, and unsupported Ni). This work also accounted for 3D printing technology for the mass production of Ni-MOF catalysts, where the net present value was 2 to 3% higher than that of the conventional production method. Additionally, sensitivity analysis showed that the H2 price has the greatest impact on the feasibility of DRM as compared to other cost factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ling Ong
- Biomass
Waste-to-Wealth Special Interest Group, Research Centre for Sustainable
Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Adrian Chun Minh Loy
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sin Yong Teng
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bing Shen How
- Biomass
Waste-to-Wealth Special Interest Group, Research Centre for Sustainable
Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
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Kundra M, Zhu Y, Nguyen X, Fraser D, Hornung CH, Tsanaktsidis J. 3D printed nickel catalytic static mixers made by corrosive chemical treatment for use in continuous flow hydrogenation. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00456e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic static mixers, 3D printed from nickel alloys, were treated with etching or leaching solutions to activate their surfaces for use in hydrogenation of alkenes, aldehydes and nitro-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kundra
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Yutong Zhu
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Xuan Nguyen
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Darren Fraser
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | | | - John Tsanaktsidis
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
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XPS and structural studies of Fe 3O 4-PTMS-NAS@Cu as a novel magnetic natural asphalt base network and recoverable nanocatalyst for the synthesis of biaryl compounds. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24508. [PMID: 34969977 PMCID: PMC8718525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, natural asphalt as a mineral carbonuous material was converted to sodium natural asphalt sulfonate (Na-NAS) and, then, was linked to Fe3O4 MNPs in order to synthesize the magnetic nanocatalyst. Afterwards, Cupper (I) and Cu (II) was grafted on Fe3O4-PTMS-NAS. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that the synthesized the novel magnetic nanocatalyst (Fe3O4-PTMS-NAS@Cu) was successfully used in Suzuki and Stille coupling reactions. The Fe3O4-PTMS-NAS@Cu MNPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), BET and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Besides, sulfonation of natural asphalt, magnetization of catalyst, grafting of Cu (I) and Cu (II) to NAS and catalyst formation were investigated and proved carefully. This nanocatalyst can be comfortably separated from the reaction medium through an external magnetic field and can also be recovered and reused, while maintaining its catalytic activity.
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Alimi OA, Meijboom R. Current and future trends of additive manufacturing for chemistry applications: a review. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2021; 56:16824-16850. [PMID: 34413542 PMCID: PMC8363067 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-021-06362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, refers to a method used to generate a physical object by joining materials in a layer-by-layer process from a three-dimensional virtual model. 3-D printing technology has been traditionally employed in rapid prototyping, engineering, and industrial design. More recently, new applications continue to emerge; this is because of its exceptional advantage and flexibility over the traditional manufacturing process. Unlike other conventional manufacturing methods, which are fundamentally subtractive, 3-D printing is additive and, therefore, produces less waste. This review comprehensively summarises the application of additive manufacturing technologies in chemistry, chemical synthesis, and catalysis with particular attention to the production of general laboratory hardware, analytical facilities, reaction devices, and catalytically active substances. It also focuses on new and upcoming applications such as digital chemical synthesis, automation, and robotics in a synthetic environment. While discussing the contribution of this research area in the last decade, the current, future, and economic opportunities of additive manufacturing in chemical research and material development were fully covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyekunle Azeez Alimi
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006 South Africa
| | - Reinout Meijboom
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006 South Africa
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Naga N, Ito M, Mezaki A, Tang HC, Chang TFM, Sone M, Nageh H, Nakano T. Morphology Control and Metallization of Porous Polymers Synthesized by Michael Addition Reactions of a Multi-Functional Acrylamide with a Diamine. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:800. [PMID: 33572043 PMCID: PMC7915525 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Porous polymers have been synthesized by an aza-Michael addition reaction of a multi-functional acrylamide, N,N',N″,N‴-tetraacryloyltriethylenetetramine (AM4), and hexamethylene diamine (HDA) in H2O without catalyst. Reaction conditions, such as monomer concentration and reaction temperature, affected the morphology of the resulting porous structures. Connected spheres, co-continuous monolithic structures and/or isolated holes were observed on the surface of the porous polymers. These structures were formed by polymerization-induced phase separation via spinodal decomposition or highly internal phase separation. The obtained porous polymers were soft and flexible and not breakable by compression. The porous polymers adsorbed various solvents. An AM4-HDA porous polymer could be plated by Ni using an electroless plating process via catalyzation by palladium (II) acetylacetonate following reduction of Ni ions in a plating solution. The intermediate Pd-catalyzed porous polymer promoted the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction of 4-bromoanisole and phenylboronic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Naga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan;
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan;
| | - Minako Ito
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan;
| | - Aya Mezaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan;
| | - Hao-Chun Tang
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan; (H.-C.T.); (T.-F.M.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Tso-Fu Mark Chang
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan; (H.-C.T.); (T.-F.M.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Masato Sone
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan; (H.-C.T.); (T.-F.M.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Hassan Nageh
- Institute for Catalysis and Graduate, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N 21, W 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; (H.N.); (T.N.)
| | - Tamaki Nakano
- Institute for Catalysis and Graduate, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N 21, W 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; (H.N.); (T.N.)
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N 21, W 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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Alavi G. SA, Nasseri MA, Kazemnejadi M, Allahresani A, HussainZadeh M. NiFe 2O 4@SiO 2@ZrO 2/SO 42−/Cu/Co nanoparticles: a novel, efficient, magnetically recyclable and bimetallic catalyst for Pd-free Suzuki, Heck and C–N cross-coupling reactions in aqueous media. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The novel heterogeneous bimetallic nanoparticles of Cu–Co were synthesized and successfully applied as a recyclable magnetically catalyst in Heck, Suzuki, and C–N cross-coupling via a quick, easy, efficacious and environmentally protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Milad Kazemnejadi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Birjand
- Birjand
- Iran
| | - Ali Allahresani
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Birjand
- Birjand
- Iran
| | - Mahdi HussainZadeh
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Birjand
- Birjand
- Iran
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Mallakpour S, Sirous F, Hussain CM. Current achievements in 3D bioprinting technology of chitosan and its hybrids. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01497h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan and its hybrids, as an appropriate bioink in 3D printing technology, for the fabrication of engineered constructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadpour Mallakpour
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fariba Sirous
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Islamic Republic of Iran
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