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Sobhi C, Merzoud L, Bouasla S, Nacereddine AK, Morell C, Chermette H. Understanding the mechanism and regio- and stereo selectivity of [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between substituted azomethine ylide and 3,3,3-trifluoro-1-nitroprop-1-ene, within the molecular electron density theory. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:1208-1220. [PMID: 36708224 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The selectivity and the nature of the molecular mechanism of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) reaction between 2-(dimethylamino)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione (AY11) and trans(E)-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-nitroprop-1-ene(FNP10) has been studied, in which the molecular electron density theory using density functional theory methods at the MPWB1K/6-31G(d) computational level was used. Analysis of the global reactivity indices permits us to characterize FNP10 as a strong electrophile and AY11 as a strong nucleophile. Four reactive pathways associated with the ortho/meta regioselective channels and endo/exo stereoselective approaches modes have been explored and characterized in the gas phase and in the benzene solvent. The analysis of the relative energies associated with the different reaction pathways indicates that the 32CA reactions of the azomethine ylide (AY) with the nitroalkene (FNP) is meta regioselective with high endo stereoselectivity. This result is in good agreement with the experimental observations. electron localization function topological analysis of the most favored reactive pathways allows for characterizing the mechanism of this 32CA reactions as a non-concerted two-stage one-step mechanism. Finally, non-covalent interactions and quantum theory of atoms in molecule analyses at the meta/endo transition state structure indicate that the presence of different several weak interactions, namely, CF and NH contributed in favoring the formation of a meta-endo cycloadduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chafia Sobhi
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Des Surfaces Et Interfaces, Université du 20 Août 1955, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Lynda Merzoud
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMRCNRS 5280, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Souad Bouasla
- Laboratory of Materials and Energetic Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University 20 August 1955, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Abdelmalek Khorief Nacereddine
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Biology of Materials, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Higher Normal School for Technological Education of Skikda, Azzaba, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Christophe Morell
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMRCNRS 5280, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Henry Chermette
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMRCNRS 5280, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Liu SC, Zhu XR, Liu DY, Fang DC. DFT calculations in solution systems: solvation energy, dispersion energy and entropy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:913-931. [PMID: 36519338 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04720a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations of reaction mechanisms in solution have always been a hot topic, especially for transition-metal-catalyzed reactions. The calculation of solvation energy is performed using either the polarizable continuum model (PCM) or the universal solvation model SMD. The PCM calculation is very sensitive to the choice of atomic radii to form a cavity, where the self-consistent isodensity PCM (SCI-PCM) has been recognized as the best choice and our IDSCRF radii can provide a similar cavity. Moving from a gas-phase case to a solution case, dispersion energy and entropy should be carefully treated. The solvent-solute dispersion is also important in solution systems, and it should be calculated together with the solute dispersion. Only half of the solvent-solute dispersion energy from the PCM calculation belongs to the solute molecules to maintain a thermal equilibrium between a solute molecule and its cavity, similar to the treatment of electrostatic energy. Relative solute dispersion energy should also be shared equally with the newly formed cavity. The entropy change from a gas phase to a liquid phase is quite large, but the modern quantum chemistry programs can only calculate the gas-phase translational entropy based on the idea-gas equation. In this review, we will provide an operable method to calculate the solution translational entropy, which has been coded in our THERMO program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Cong Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xin-Rui Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Dan-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - De-Cai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Fang H, Su S, Luo Y, Jiang Y, Luo Z. Unveiling the Mechanisms of Hydrolytic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Caprolactam and Amino-Assisted Ring Opening of Cyclic Dimers: A DFT Study. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenyang Su
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanlong Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Highbery New Nano Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213149, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyang Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People’s Republic of China
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Li FQ, Xie PY, Chen HY, Bian M, Gao YN, Liu ZJ. One-pot catalyst-free synthesis of benzopyrroxazine derivatives by a mutually activated sequential annulation process. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4709-4713. [PMID: 35612896 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00735e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot catalyst-free reaction of o-hydroxyaryl azomethine ylides, vinyl pyridines and paraformaldehyde for the synthesis of benzopyrroxazines is reported, which offers a straightforward and atom-economical procedure for the preparation of benzopyrroxazine derivatives in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions. A self-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation through a mutual activation method and a sequential non-catalyzed [5 + 1] annulation process contribute to this strategy. The corresponding control experiments have been conducted to reveal the mechanism of this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Qiang Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Pu-Yuan Xie
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Hui-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Bian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Ning Gao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen-Jiang Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Xue Y. Computational insight into the mechanism and stereoselectivity of cycloaddition between donor-acceptor spirocyclopropane and aldehyde catalyzed by Brønsted acid TsOH. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4006-4015. [PMID: 35506536 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00140c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism and diastereoselectivity of the cycloaddition reaction between D-A spirocyclopropane and aldehydes, catalyzed by para-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) in dichloromethane to produce 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran-type lignans, have been investigated by density functional theory (DFT) at the M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p)//B3LYP-D3/6-31G(d,p) level combined with the solvation SMD model. Our calculations show that the entire reaction process includes three stages: the activation of the D-A cyclopropane by Brønsted acid, TsOH, the nucleophilic attack of the aldehyde on the spirocyclopropane, and the formation of the final product, 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran. It was concluded from the conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) reactivity index analysis that aldehydes with electron-rich substituents are more nucleophilic and more favorable for the reaction to proceed. Furthermore, based on the analyses of energetics as well as the noncovalent interaction (NCI) and reduced density gradient (RDG) in the key transition states, the origin of stereoselectivity was revealed to be determined thermodynamically rather than kinetically. The present work explains the experimental phenomenon well, and provides useful theoretical information for the future design of similar reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Xue
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
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Acharjee N, Mohammad‐Salim HA, Chakraborty M, Rao MP, Ganesh M. Unveiling the high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity within the synthesis of spirooxindolenitropyrrolidine: A molecular electron density theory perspective. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mrinmoy Chakraborty
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College Durgapur India
| | - Madhuri P. Rao
- Department of Chemistry B.M.S College of Engineering Bengaluru India
| | - Madhu Ganesh
- Department of Chemistry B.M.S College of Engineering Bengaluru India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad India
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