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Vajtai L, Nemes NM, Morales MDP, Molnár K, Pinke BG, Simon F. Incidence of the Brownian Relaxation Process on the Magnetic Properties of Ferrofluids. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:634. [PMID: 38607168 PMCID: PMC11013599 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Ferrofluids containing magnetic nanoparticles represent a special class of magnetic materials due to the added freedom of particle tumbling in the fluids. We studied this process, known as Brownian relaxation, and its effect on the magnetic properties of ferrofluids with controlled magnetite nanoparticle sizes. For small nanoparticles (below 10 nm diameter), the Néel process is expected to dominate the magnetic response, whereas for larger particles, Brownian relaxation becomes important. Temperature- and magnetic-field-dependent magnetization studies, differential scanning calorimetry, and AC susceptibility measurements were carried out for 6 and 13.5 nm diameter magnetite nanoparticles suspended in water. We identify clear fingerprints of Brownian relaxation for the sample of large-diameter nanoparticles as both magnetic and thermal hysteresis develop at the water freezing temperature, whereas the samples of small-diameter nanoparticles remain hysteresis-free down to the magnetic blocking temperature. This is supported by the temperature-dependent AC susceptibility measurements: above 273 K, the data show a low-frequency Debye peak, which is characteristic of Brownian relaxation. This peak vanishes below 273 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Vajtai
- Department of Physics, Institute of Physics, HUN-REN-BME Condensed Matter Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (L.V.); (F.S.)
| | - Norbert Marcel Nemes
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria del Puerto Morales
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Kolos Molnár
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (K.M.); (B.G.P.)
- HUN–REN–BME Research Group for Composite Science and Technology, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME Lendület Sustainable Polymers Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gábor Pinke
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (K.M.); (B.G.P.)
| | - Ferenc Simon
- Department of Physics, Institute of Physics, HUN-REN-BME Condensed Matter Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (L.V.); (F.S.)
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
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Singh R, Pathak S, Jain K, Noorjahan, Kim SK. Correlating the Dipolar Interactions Induced Magneto-Viscoelasticity and Thermal Conductivity Enhancements in Nanomagnetic Fluids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205741. [PMID: 37246272 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effective thermal management of electronic system holds the key to maximize their performance. The recent miniaturization trends require a cooling system with high heat flux capacity, localized cooling, and active control. Nanomagnetic fluids (NMFs) based cooling systems have the ability to meet the current demand of the cooling system for the miniaturized electronic system. However, the thermal characteristics of NMFs have a long way to go before the internal mechanisms are well understood. This review mainly focuses on the three aspects to establish a correlation between the thermal and rheological properties of the NMFs. First, the background, stability, and factors affecting the properties of the NMFs are discussed. Second, the ferrohydrodynamic equations are introduced for the NMFs to explain the rheological behavior and relaxation mechanism. Finally, different theoretical and experimental models are summarized that explain the thermal characteristics of the NMFs. Thermal characteristics of the NMFs are significantly affected by the morphology and composition of the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in NMFs as well as the type of carrier liquids and surface functionalization that also influences the rheological properties. Thus, understanding the correlation between the thermal characteristics of the NMFs and rheological properties helps develop cooling systems with improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomical Science, School of Physical and Material Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, 176215, India
| | - Saurabh Pathak
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Spin Dynamics and SW Devices, Nanospinics Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
| | - Komal Jain
- Indian Reference Materials Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Noorjahan
- Department of Physics and Astronomical Science, School of Physical and Material Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, 176215, India
| | - Sang-Koog Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Spin Dynamics and SW Devices, Nanospinics Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
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Vasilakaki M, Ntallis N, Fiorani D, Peddis D, Trohidou KN. Effect of albumin coating on the magnetic behavior of Mn ferrite nanoclusters. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4366-4372. [PMID: 36321142 PMCID: PMC9552874 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00458e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of clustering induced by albumin coating on the magnetic behaviour of ultra-small MnFe2O4 nanoparticles has been systematically investigated and compared with that in pure Mn ferrite nanoparticle dense assembly, using a mesoscopic scale approach and numerical simulations reproducing the experimental findings well. Our results provide evidence that in the coated system, the interplay between intra-particle and intra-cluster exchange interactions strongly affects the exchange bias and coercive field values, with the dipolar interactions playing a minor role. Instead, the albumin coating does not affect the thermal stability of the observed superspin glass phase, the freezing temperature being similar in the coated and uncoated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Vasilakaki
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos" 153 10 Agia Paraskevi Attiki Greece
| | - Nikolaos Ntallis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos" 153 10 Agia Paraskevi Attiki Greece
| | - Dino Fiorani
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia - CNR 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (RM) Italy
| | - Davide Peddis
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia - CNR 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (RM) Italy
- Univ. Genoa, Dept. Chem. & Ind. Chem. Via Dodecaneso 31 I-16146 Genova Italy
| | - Kalliopi N Trohidou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos" 153 10 Agia Paraskevi Attiki Greece
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Abstract
Dispersions of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can exhibit paramagnetic ferrofluid or ferromagnetic liquid behavior. By modifying the surface functionality of MNPs, ferrofluids have been used to fabricate novel magnetically actuated devices. If the surface-functionalized MNPs interact with complementary ligands at a fluid-fluid interface, MNP surfactants form and in situ assemble at the interface. When jammed interfacially, MNP surfactants give rise to ferromagnetic behavior of the liquid (droplet), which is endowed with permanent magnetic dipoles while maintaining all of the characteristics of a fluid system. Here, we give a brief overview of the developments in the dispersion of MNPs in liquids from ferrofluids to ferromagnetic liquid droplets, their responses to external fields, and the manipulation of these responses for end uses. The reversible room-temperature para-to-ferro transformation of magnetic liquids is highlighted. We discuss challenges in the synthesis and characterization of these unusual liquids along with potential technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ye Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101407, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101407, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Dobroserdova AB, Kantorovich SS. Self-diffusion in bidisperse systems of magnetic nanoparticles. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:012612. [PMID: 33601641 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.012612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, we study the self-diffusion of aggregating magnetic particles in bidisperse ferrofluids. We employ density functional theory (DFT) and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the impact of granulometric composition of the system on the cluster self-diffusion. We find that the presence of small particles leads to the overall increase of the self-diffusion rate of clusters due the change in cluster size and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla B Dobroserdova
- Ural Mathematical Centre, Ural Federal University, Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Sofia S Kantorovich
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Kolingasse 14-16, 1090, Vienna, Austria, and Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia; and Research Platform MMM, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Lafuerza S, Retegan M, Detlefs B, Chatterjee R, Yachandra V, Yano J, Glatzel P. New reflections on hard X-ray photon-in/photon-out spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:16270-16284. [PMID: 32760987 PMCID: PMC7808884 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01983f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the electronic structure and local coordination of an element is an important aspect in the study of the chemical and physical properties of materials. This is particularly relevant at the nanoscale where new phases of matter may emerge below a critical size. X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) at synchrotron radiation sources and free electron lasers has enriched the field of X-ray spectroscopy. The spectroscopic techniques derived from the combination of X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy (XAS-XES), such as resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) and high energy resolution fluorescence detected (HERFD) XAS, are an ideal tool for the study of nanomaterials. New installations and beamline upgrades now often include wavelength dispersive instruments for the analysis of the emitted X-rays. With the growing use of XAS-XES, scientists are learning about the possibilities and pitfalls. We discuss some experimental aspects, assess the feasibility of measuring weak fluorescence lines in dilute, radiation sensitive samples, and present new experimental approaches for studying magnetic properties of colloidal nanoparticles directly in the liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lafuerza
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyres, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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Kuciakowski J, Kmita A, Lachowicz D, Wytrwal-Sarna M, Pitala K, Lafuerza S, Koziej D, Juhin A, Sikora M. Selective magnetometry of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in liquids. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:16420-16426. [PMID: 32744559 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02866e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We show that the properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles suspended in liquids can be effectively studied using Magnetic Circular Dichroism in Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering. Analysis of the spectral shape and magnetic contrast produced by this experiment enables an assessment of the site distribution and magnetic state of metal ions in the spinel phase. The selective magnetization profile of particles as derived from the field dependence of dichroism empowers an estimation of particle size distribution. Furthermore, the new proposed methodology discriminates sizes that are below the detection limits of X-ray and light scattering probes and that are difficult to spot in TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliusz Kuciakowski
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland. and AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Angelika Kmita
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Dorota Lachowicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Wytrwal-Sarna
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Pitala
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland. and AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sara Lafuerza
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Dorota Koziej
- Institute of Nanostructure- and Solid State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amélie Juhin
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marcin Sikora
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
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