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Biswas S, Wong J, Pokawanvit S, Yang WCD, Zhang H, Akbari H, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Davydov AV, da Jornada FH, Atwater HA. Edge-Confined Excitons in Monolayer Black Phosphorus. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37861986 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Quantum confinement of two-dimensional excitons in van der Waals materials via electrostatic trapping, lithographic patterning, Moiré potentials, and chemical implantation has enabled significant advances in tailoring light emission from nanostructures. While such approaches rely on complex preparation of materials, natural edges are a ubiquitous feature in layered materials and provide a different approach for investigating quantum-confined excitons. Here, we observe that certain edge sites of monolayer black phosphorus (BP) strongly localize the intrinsic quasi-one-dimensional excitons, yielding sharp spectral lines in photoluminescence, with nearly an order of magnitude line width reduction. Through structural characterization of BP edges using transmission electron microscopy and first-principles GW plus Bethe-Salpeter equation (GW-BSE) calculations of exemplary BP nanoribbons, we find that certain atomic reconstructions can strongly quantum-confine excitons resulting in distinct emission features, mediated by local strain and screening. We observe linearly polarized luminescence emission from edge reconstructions that preserve the mirror symmetry of the parent BP lattice, in agreement with calculations. Furthermore, we demonstrate efficient electrical switching of localized edge excitonic luminescence, whose sites act as excitonic transistors for emission. Localized emission from BP edges motivates exploration of nanoribbons and quantum dots as hosts for tunable narrowband light generation, with future potential to create atomic-like structures for quantum information processing applications as well as exploration of exotic phases that may reside in atomic edge structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Biswas
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Joeson Wong
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Supavit Pokawanvit
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Wei-Chang David Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Huairuo Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Thesis Research, Inc., La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hamidreza Akbari
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute of Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials, Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute of Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-044, Japan
| | - Albert V Davydov
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Felipe H da Jornada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Harry A Atwater
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Liu Y, Cui T, Li D. Unconventional Self-Reconstructed Trimer-like Metal Zigzag Edge of 1T-Phase Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3651-3657. [PMID: 37027822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Undercoordination-induced slight bond contraction of the pristine edge is a conventional edge self-reconstructed pattern in two-dimensional materials that generally cannot drive the edge into its ground state. Despite reports of unconventional edge self-reconstructed patterns of 1H-phase transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), there have been no reports of sister 1T-phase TMDCs. Here, we predict an unconventional (2 × 1) edge self-reconstructed pattern for 1T-TMDCs by considering 1T-TiTe2. A novel self-reconstructed trimer-like metal zigzag edge (TMZ edge) with one-dimensional metal atomic chains and Ti3 trimers is uncovered. Its metal triatomic 3d orbital coupling leads to Ti3 trimerization. This TMZ edge occurs in group IV, V, and X 1T-TMDCs and has an energetic advantage far beyond conventional bond contraction. The unique triatomic synergistic effect results in better catalysis of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for the 1T-TMDCs than with commercial platinum-based catalysts. This study provides a new strategy for maximizing the HER catalytic efficiency of 1T-TMDCs by using atomic edge engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tian Cui
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Da Li
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Lee S, Lee Y, Ding LP, Lee K, Ding F, Kim K. Atomically Sharp, Closed Bilayer Phosphorene Edges by Self-Passivation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12822-12830. [PMID: 35904253 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional crystals' edge structures not only influence their overall properties but also dictate their formation due to edge-mediated synthesis and etching processes. Edges must be carefully examined because they often display complex, unexpected features at the atomic scale, such as reconstruction, functionalization, and uncontrolled contamination. Here, we examine atomic-scale edge structures and uncover reconstruction behavior in bilayer phosphorene. We use in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of phosphorene/graphene specimens at elevated temperatures to minimize surface contamination and reduce e-beam damage, allowing us to observe intrinsic edge configurations. The bilayer zigzag (ZZ) edge was found to be the most stable edge configuration under e-beam irradiation. Through first-principles calculations and TEM image analysis under various tilting and defocus conditions, we find that bilayer ZZ edges undergo edge reconstruction and so acquire closed, self-passivated edge configurations. The extremely low formation energy of the closed bilayer ZZ edge and its high stability against e-beam irradiation are confirmed by first-principles calculations. Moreover, we fabricate bilayer phosphorene nanoribbons with atomically sharp closed ZZ edges. The identified bilayer ZZ edges will aid in the fundamental understanding of the synthesis, degradation, reconstruction, and applications of phosphorene and related structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Yangjin Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Li Ping Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Department of Optoelectronic Science & Technology, School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Kihyun Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Kwanpyo Kim
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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Joshi P, Li R, Spellberg JL, Liang L, King SB. Nanoimaging of the Edge-Dependent Optical Polarization Anisotropy of Black Phosphorus. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3180-3186. [PMID: 35380445 PMCID: PMC9052752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structure and functionality of 2D materials is highly sensitive to structural morphology, not only opening the possibility for manipulating material properties but also making predictable and reproducible functionality challenging. Black phosphorus (BP), a corrugated orthorhombic 2D material, has in-plane optical absorption anisotropy critical for applications, such as directional photonics, plasmonics, and waveguides. Here, we use polarization-dependent photoemission electron microscopy to visualize the anisotropic optical absorption of BP with 54 nm spatial resolution. We find the edges of BP flakes have a shift in their optical polarization anisotropy from the flake interior due to the 1D confinement and symmetry reduction at flake edges that alter the electronic charge distributions and transition dipole moments of edge electronic states, confirmed with first-principles calculations. These results uncover previously hidden modification of the polarization-dependent absorbance at the edges of BP, highlighting the opportunity for selective excitation of edge states of 2D materials with polarized light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakriti
P. Joshi
- James
Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Ruiyu Li
- James
Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Joseph L. Spellberg
- James
Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Liangbo Liang
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 United States
| | - Sarah B. King
- James
Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
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Zheng P, Jiang Y, Li H, Dai X. Electron transport properties of PtSe 2 nanoribbons with distinct edge reconstructions. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25872-25880. [PMID: 36199596 PMCID: PMC9465823 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04677f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Edge reconstructions of two-dimensional (2D) materials play a central role in determining the electronic transport properties of nanodevices. However, it is not feasible to study the relationship between edge reconstruction and electronic properties using experimental methods because of the complexity of the experimental environment and the diversity of edge reconstruction. Herein, we have combined density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method to investigate the inner physical mechanism of platinum diselenide (PtSe2) nanoribbons, revealing distinctive negative differential resistance (NDR) behaviors in different nanoribbons with various edge reconstructions. The armchair PtSe2 nanoribbons with different edge reconstructions are all metallic, while the zigzag PtSe2 nanoribbons are semiconducting when the ratio of Pt to Se atoms at the edge is 1 : 2. These results reveal the internal source of the difference in the electron transport properties of PtSe2 nanoribbons with different edge reconstructions, providing new ideas for the design of novel multifunctional PtSe2 semiconducting and conducting electronic nanodevices with NDR properties. Edge reconstructions of two-dimensional (2D) materials play a central role in determining the electronic transport properties of nanodevices.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiru Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
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