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Biswas S, Wong J, Pokawanvit S, Yang WCD, Zhang H, Akbari H, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Davydov AV, da Jornada FH, Atwater HA. Edge-Confined Excitons in Monolayer Black Phosphorus. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37861986 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Quantum confinement of two-dimensional excitons in van der Waals materials via electrostatic trapping, lithographic patterning, Moiré potentials, and chemical implantation has enabled significant advances in tailoring light emission from nanostructures. While such approaches rely on complex preparation of materials, natural edges are a ubiquitous feature in layered materials and provide a different approach for investigating quantum-confined excitons. Here, we observe that certain edge sites of monolayer black phosphorus (BP) strongly localize the intrinsic quasi-one-dimensional excitons, yielding sharp spectral lines in photoluminescence, with nearly an order of magnitude line width reduction. Through structural characterization of BP edges using transmission electron microscopy and first-principles GW plus Bethe-Salpeter equation (GW-BSE) calculations of exemplary BP nanoribbons, we find that certain atomic reconstructions can strongly quantum-confine excitons resulting in distinct emission features, mediated by local strain and screening. We observe linearly polarized luminescence emission from edge reconstructions that preserve the mirror symmetry of the parent BP lattice, in agreement with calculations. Furthermore, we demonstrate efficient electrical switching of localized edge excitonic luminescence, whose sites act as excitonic transistors for emission. Localized emission from BP edges motivates exploration of nanoribbons and quantum dots as hosts for tunable narrowband light generation, with future potential to create atomic-like structures for quantum information processing applications as well as exploration of exotic phases that may reside in atomic edge structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Biswas
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Joeson Wong
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Supavit Pokawanvit
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Wei-Chang David Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Huairuo Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Thesis Research, Inc., La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hamidreza Akbari
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute of Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials, Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute of Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-044, Japan
| | - Albert V Davydov
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Felipe H da Jornada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Harry A Atwater
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Champagne A, Haber JB, Pokawanvit S, Qiu DY, Biswas S, Atwater HA, da Jornada FH, Neaton JB. Quasiparticle and Optical Properties of Carrier-Doped Monolayer MoTe 2 from First Principles. Nano Lett 2023; 23:4274-4281. [PMID: 37159934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic weak and highly nonlocal dielectric screening of two-dimensional materials is well-known to lead to high sensitivity of their optoelectronic properties to environment. Less studied theoretically is the role of free carriers in those properties. Here, we use ab initio GW and Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations, with a rigorous treatment of dynamical screening and local-field effects, to study the doping dependence of the quasiparticle and optical properties of a monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide, 2H MoTe2. We predict a quasiparticle band gap renormalization of several hundreds of meV for experimentally attainable carrier densities and a similarly sizable decrease in the exciton binding energy. This results in an almost constant excitation energy for the lowest-energy exciton resonance with an increasing doping density. Using a newly developed and generally applicable plasmon-pole model and a self-consistent solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation, we reveal the importance of accurately capturing both dynamical and local-field effects to understand detailed photoluminescence measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Champagne
- Materials and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jonah B Haber
- Materials and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Supavit Pokawanvit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Diana Y Qiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Energy Science Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Souvik Biswas
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Harry A Atwater
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Felipe H da Jornada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Neaton
- Materials and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Biswas S, Champagne A, Haber JB, Pokawanvit S, Wong J, Akbari H, Krylyuk S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Davydov AV, Al Balushi ZY, Qiu DY, da Jornada FH, Neaton JB, Atwater HA. Rydberg Excitons and Trions in Monolayer MoTe 2. ACS Nano 2023; 17:7685-7694. [PMID: 37043483 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors exhibit strong excitonic optical resonances, which serve as a microscopic, noninvasive probe into their fundamental properties. Like the hydrogen atom, such excitons can exhibit an entire Rydberg series of resonances. Excitons have been extensively studied in most TMDCs (MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2), but detailed exploration of excitonic phenomena has been lacking in the important TMDC material molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2). Here, we report an experimental investigation of excitonic luminescence properties of monolayer MoTe2 to understand the excitonic Rydberg series, up to 3s. We report a significant modification of emission energies with temperature (4 to 300 K), thereby quantifying the exciton-phonon coupling. Furthermore, we observe a strongly gate-tunable exciton-trion interplay for all the Rydberg states governed mainly by free-carrier screening, Pauli blocking, and band gap renormalization in agreement with the results of first-principles GW plus Bethe-Salpeter equation approach calculations. Our results help bring monolayer MoTe2 closer to its potential applications in near-infrared optoelectronics and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Biswas
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Aurélie Champagne
- Materials and Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jonah B Haber
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Supavit Pokawanvit
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Joeson Wong
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Hamidreza Akbari
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sergiy Krylyuk
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials, Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Albert V Davydov
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Zakaria Y Al Balushi
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Diana Y Qiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Felipe H da Jornada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jeffrey B Neaton
- Materials and Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Harry A Atwater
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Pokawanvit S, Chen Z, You Z, Angheluta L, Marchetti MC, Bowick MJ. Active nematic defects in compressible and incompressible flows. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:054610. [PMID: 36559507 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.054610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamics of active nematic films on a substrate driven by active flows with or without the incompressible constraint. Through simulations and theoretical analysis, we show that arch patterns are stable in the compressible case, while they become unstable under the incompressibility constraint. For compressible flows at high enough activity, stable arches organize themselves into a smecticlike pattern, which induce an associated global polar ordering of +1/2 nematic defects. By contrast, divergence-free flows give rise to a local nematic order of the +1/2 defects, consisting of antialigned pairs of neighboring defects, as established in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supavit Pokawanvit
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Zhitao Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Zhihong You
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Luiza Angheluta
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - M Cristina Marchetti
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Mark J Bowick
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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