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Gagaoudakis E, Tsakirakis A, Moschogiannaki M, Sfakianou A, Binas V. Room-Temperature Nitric Oxide Gas Sensors Based on NiO/SnO 2 Heterostructures. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8583. [PMID: 37896676 PMCID: PMC10610847 DOI: 10.3390/s23208583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a very well-known indoor pollutant, and high concentrations of it in the atmosphere lead to acid rain. Thus, there is great demand for NO sensors that have the ability to work at room temperature. In this work, NiO/SnO2 heterostructures have been prepared via the polyol process and were tested against different concentrations of NO gas at room temperature. The structural and morphological characteristics of the heterostructures were examined using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, while the ratio of NiO to SnO2 was determined through the use of energy-dispersive spectrometry. The effects of both pH and thermal annealing on the morphological, structural and gas-sensing properties of the heterostructure were investigated. It was found that the morphology of the heterostructures consisted of rod-like particles with different sizes, depending on the temperature of thermal annealing. Moreover, NiO/SnO2 heterostructures synthesized with pH = 8 and annealed at 900 °C showed a response of 1.8% towards 2.5 ppm NO at room temperature. The effects of humidity as well as of stability on the gas sensing performance were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Gagaoudakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 700 13 Heraklion, Greece; (A.T.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Apostolos Tsakirakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 700 13 Heraklion, Greece; (A.T.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (V.B.)
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 700 13 Herakleion, Greece
| | - Marilena Moschogiannaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 700 13 Heraklion, Greece; (A.T.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (V.B.)
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 700 13 Herakleion, Greece
| | - Angeliki Sfakianou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 700 13 Heraklion, Greece; (A.T.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (V.B.)
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 700 13 Herakleion, Greece
| | - Vassilios Binas
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 700 13 Heraklion, Greece; (A.T.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (V.B.)
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 700 13 Herakleion, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Wang J, Gao Y, Chen F, Zhang L, Li H, de Rooij NF, Umar A, Lee YK, French PJ, Yang B, Wang Y, Zhou G. Assembly of Core/Shell Nanospheres of Amorphous Hemin/Acetone-Derived Carbonized Polymer with Graphene Nanosheets for Room-Temperature NO Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53193-53201. [PMID: 36395355 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Implementing parts per billion-level nitric oxide (NO) sensing at room temperature (RT) is still in extreme demand for monitoring inflammatory respiratory diseases. Herein, we have prepared a kind of core-shell structural Hemin-based nanospheres (Abbr.: Hemin-nanospheres, defined as HNSs) with the core of amorphous Hemin and the shell of acetone-derived carbonized polymer, whose core-shell structure was verified by XPS with argon-ion etching. Then, the HNS-assembled reduced graphene oxide composite (defined as HNS-rGO) was prepared for RT NO sensing. The acetone-derived carbonized polymer shell not only assists the formation of amorphous Hemin core by disrupting their crystallization to release more Fe-N4 active sites, but provides protection to the core. Owing to the unique core-shell structure, the obtained HNS-rGO based sensor exhibited superior RT gas sensing properties toward NO, including a relatively higher response (Ra/Rg = 5.8, 20 ppm), a lower practical limit of detection (100 ppb), relatively reliable repeatability (over 6 cycles), excellent selectivity, and much higher long-term stability (less than a 5% decrease over 120 days). The sensing mechanism has also been proposed based on charge transfer theory. The superior gas sensing properties of HNS-rGO are ascribed to the more Fe-N4 active sites available under the amorphous state of the Hemin core and to the physical protection by the shell of acetone-derived carbonized polymer. This work presents a facile strategy of constructing a high-performance carbon-based core-shell nanostructure for gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
| | - Yixun Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
| | - Fengjia Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
- Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
| | - Nicolaas Frans de Rooij
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yi-Kuen Lee
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Paddy J French
- BE Laboratory, EWI, Delft University of Technology, Delft2628CD, The Netherland
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun130012, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
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Guo SY, Hou PX, Zhang F, Liu C, Cheng HM. Gas Sensors Based on Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Molecules 2022; 27:5381. [PMID: 36080149 PMCID: PMC9458085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have a high aspect ratio, large surface area, good stability and unique metallic or semiconducting electrical conductivity, they are therefore considered a promising candidate for the fabrication of flexible gas sensors that are expected to be used in the Internet of Things and various portable and wearable electronics. In this review, we first introduce the sensing mechanism of SWCNTs and the typical structure and key parameters of SWCNT-based gas sensors. We then summarize research progress on the design, fabrication, and performance of SWCNT-based gas sensors. Finally, the principles and possible approaches to further improving the performance of SWCNT-based gas sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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Yang Y, Liu S, Guo K, Chen L, Xu J, Liu W. Effective Air Purification via Pt-Decorated N3-CNT Adsorbent. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.897410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effectively removal of air pollutants using adsorbents is one of the most important methods to purify the air. In this work, we proposed for the first time that PtN3-CNT is an effective adsorbent for air purification. Its air purification performance was studied by calculating the adsorption behaviors and electronic structures of 12 gas molecules, including the main components of air (N2, O2, H2O, CO2) and the most common air pollutants (NO, NO2, SO3, SO2, CO, O3, NH3, H2S), on the surface of PtN3-CNT using first-principles calculations. The results showed that these gases were adsorbed stably via the coordination between Pt and the coordinated atoms (C, N, O, and S atoms) in the gas molecules, and the adsorption energies vary in the range of −0.81∼−4.28 eV. The obvious chemical interactions between PtN3-CNT and the adsorbed gas molecules are mainly determined by the apparent overlaps between the Pt 5d orbitals and the outmost p orbitals of the coordination atoms. PtN3-CNT has strong adsorption capacity for the toxic gas molecules, while relatively weaker adsorption performance for the main components of the air except oxygen. The recovery time of each adsorbed molecule calculated at different temperatures showed that, CO2, H2O, and N2 can be desorbed gradually at 298∼498 K, while the toxic gases are always adsorbed stably on the surface of PtN3-CNT. Considering the excellent thermal stability of PtN3-CNT at up to 1000 K proved by AIMD, PtN3-CNT is very suitable to act as an adsorbent to remove toxic gases to achieve the purpose of air purification. Our findings in this report would be beneficial for exploiting possible carbon-based air purification adsorbents with excellent adsorbing ability and good recovery performance.
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Lim N, Kim H, Pak Y, Byun YT. Enhanced NO 2 Sensing Performance of Graphene with Thermally Induced Defects. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2347. [PMID: 33946464 PMCID: PMC8124493 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the enhanced NO2 sensing performance of graphene with defects generated by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). A high temperature of RTA (300-700 °C) was applied to graphene under an argon atmosphere to form defects on sp2 carbon lattices. The density of defects proportionally increased with increasing the RTA temperature. Raman scattering results confirmed significant changes in sp2 bonding. After 700 °C RTA, ID/IG, I2D/IG, and FWHM (full width at half maximum)(G) values, which are used to indirectly investigate carbon-carbon bonds' chemical and physical properties, were markedly changed compared to the pristine graphene. Further evidence of the thermally-induced defects on graphene was found via electrical resistance measurements. The electrical resistance of the RTA-treated graphene linearly increased with increasing RTA temperature. Meanwhile, the NO2 response of graphene sensors increased from 0 to 500 °C and reached maximum (R = ~24%) at 500 °C. Then, the response rather decreased at 700 °C (R = ~14%). The results imply that rich defects formed at above a critical temperature (~500 °C) may damage electrical paths of sp2 chains and thus deteriorate NO2 response. Compared to the existing functionalization process, the RTA treatment is very facile and allows precise control of the NO2 sensing characteristics, contributing to manufacturing commercial low-cost, high-performance, integrated sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namsoo Lim
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (N.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Hyeonghun Kim
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Yusin Pak
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (N.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Young Tae Byun
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (N.L.); (Y.P.)
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