1
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Ohtani S, Nakaguchi K, Kato K, Ogoshi T. Solid-State Emissive Pillar[6]arene Derivative Having Alternate Methylene and Nitrogen Bridges. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400106. [PMID: 38380963 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Macrocyclic arenes show conformational adaptability, which allows host-guest complexations with the size-matched guest molecules. However, their emission properties are often poor in the solid states due to the self-absorption. Herein, we newly synthesized pillar[6]arene derivatives having alternate methylene and nitrogen bridging structures. Solvatochromic study reveals that the nitrogen-embedding into the cyclic structures can strengthen the intramolecular charge transfer (CT) nature compared to that of the linear nitrogen-bridged precursor. Owing to the large Stokes shift in the solid state, one of the nitrogen-embedded pillar[6]arenes shows high absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL=0.36). Furthermore, it displays a turn-off sensing ability toward nitrobenzene (NB) vapor; a fluorescence quenching is observed when exposed to the NB vapor. From the structural analysis before and after the exposure of NB vapor, the amorphous nitrogen-embedded pillar[6]arene efficiently co-crystallize with NB and formed non-emissive intermolecular CT complexes with NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazeto Nakaguchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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2
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Ohtani S, Akine S, Kato K, Fa S, Shi TH, Ogoshi T. Silapillar[ n]arenes: Their Enhanced Electronic Conjugation and Conformational Versatility. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4695-4703. [PMID: 38324921 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
During recent decades, methylene-bridged macrocyclic arenes have been widely used in supramolecular chemistry. However, their π-conjugations are very weak, as the methylene bridges disrupt the electronic communication between π orbitals of the aromatic units. Herein, we successfully synthesized a series of silapillar[n]arenes (n = 4, 6, and 8) using silylene bridging. These showed enhanced electronic conjugation compared with the parent pillar[n]arenes because of σ*-π* conjugation between σ* (Si-C) orbitals and π* orbitals of the benzenes. Owing to the longer Si-C bond compared with the C-C bond, silylene-bridging provides additional structural flexibility into the pillar[n]arene scaffolds; a strained silapillar[4]arene was formed, which is unavailable in the parent pillar[n]arenes because of the steric requirements. Furthermore, silapillar[n]arenes displayed interesting size-dependent structural and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tan-Hao Shi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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3
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Khurana R, Alami F, Nijhuis CA, Keinan E, Huskens J, Reany O. Selective Perchlorate Sensing Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy with Self-Assembled Monolayers of semiaza-Bambusurils. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302968. [PMID: 37870886 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, perchlorate salts have been identified as environmental pollutants and recognized as potential substances affecting human health. We describe self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of novel semiaza-bambus[6]urils (semiaza-BUs) equipped with thioethers or disulfide (dithiolane) functionalities as surface-anchoring groups on gold electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) with Fe(CN)6 3-/4- as a redox probe, together with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ellipsometry, were employed to characterize the interactions at the interface between the anchoring groups and the metal substrate. Data showed that the anion receptors' packing on the gold strongly depends on the anchoring group. As a result, SAMs of BUs with lipoic amide side chains show a concentration-dependent layer thickness. The BU SAMs are extremely stable on repeated electrochemical potential scans and can selectively recognize perchlorate anions. Our electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies indicated that semiaza-BU equipped with the lipoic amide side chains binds perchlorate (2-100 mM) preferentially over other anions such as F- , Cl- , I- , AcO- , H2 PO4 - , HPO4 2- , SO4 2- , NO2 - , NO3 - , or CO3 2- . The resistance performance is 10 to 100 times more efficient than SAMs containing all other tested anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Khurana
- Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, 1 University Road, Ra'anana, 4353701, Israel
| | - Fuad Alami
- Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group, MESA+ Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Christian A Nijhuis
- Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group, MESA+ Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ehud Keinan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ofer Reany
- Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, 1 University Road, Ra'anana, 4353701, Israel
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4
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Jin Z, Yeung J, Zhou J, Retout M, Yim W, Fajtová P, Gosselin B, Jabin I, Bruylants G, Mattoussi H, O'Donoghue AJ, Jokerst JV. Empirical Optimization of Peptide Sequence and Nanoparticle Colloidal Stability: The Impact of Surface Ligands and Implications for Colorimetric Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20483-20494. [PMID: 37058597 PMCID: PMC10614165 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Surface ligands play a critical role in controlling and defining the properties of colloidal nanocrystals. These aspects have been exploited to design nanoparticle aggregation-based colorimetric sensors. Here, we coated 13-nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with a large library of ligands (e.g., from labile monodentate monomers to multicoordinating macromolecules) and evaluated their aggregation propensity in the presence of three peptides containing charged, thiolate, or aromatic amino acids. Our results show that AuNPs coated with the polyphenols and sulfonated phosphine ligands were good choices for electrostatic-based aggregation. AuNPs capped with citrate and labile-binding polymers worked well for dithiol-bridging and π-π stacking-induced aggregation. In the example of electrostatic-based assays, we stress that good sensing performance requires aggregating peptides of low charge valence paired with charged NPs with weak stability and vice versa. We then present a modular peptide containing versatile aggregating residues to agglomerate a variety of ligated AuNPs for colorimetric detection of the coronavirus main protease. Enzymatic cleavage liberates the peptide segment, which in turn triggers NP agglomeration and thus rapid color changes in <10 min. The protease detection limit is 2.5 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Jin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Justin Yeung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jiajing Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Maurice Retout
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wonjun Yim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Pavla Fajtová
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Bryan Gosselin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), avenue F. D. Roosevel 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), avenue F. D. Roosevel 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Bruylants
- Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hedi Mattoussi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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5
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Lenne Q, Mattiuzzi A, Jabin I, Troian-Gautier L, Hamon J, Leroux YR, Lagrost C. Chemical Surface Grafting of Pt Nanocatalysts for Reconciling Methanol Tolerance with Methanol Oxidation Activity. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201990. [PMID: 36752278 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A conceptual challenge toward more versatile direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) is the design of a single material electrocatalyst with high activity and durability for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). This requires to conciliate methanol tolerance not to hinder ORR at the cathode with a good MOR activity at the anode. This is especially incompatible with Pt materials. We tackled this challenge by deriving a supramolecular concept where surface-grafted molecular ligands regulate the Pt-catalyst reactivity. ORR and MOR activities of newly reported Pt-calix[4]arenes nanocatalysts (Pt CF 3 ${{_{{\rm CF}{_{3}}}}}$ NPs/C) are compared to commercial benchmark PtNPs/C. Pt CF 3 ${{_{{\rm CF}{_{3}}}}}$ NPs/C exhibit a remarkable methanol tolerance without losing the MOR reactivity along with outstanding durability and chemical stability. Beyond designing single-catalyst material, operable in DMFC cathodic and anodic compartments, the results highlight a promising strategy for tuning interfacial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Lenne
- ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/06, avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/06, avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Hamon
- Institut des Matériaux de Nantes_UMR 6502, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Yann R Leroux
- ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Corinne Lagrost
- ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35000, Rennes, France
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6
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Ripak A, De Kreijger S, Sampaio RN, Vincent CA, Cauët É, Jabin I, Tambar UK, Elias B, Troian-Gautier L. Photosensitized Activation of Diazonium Derivatives for C-B Bond Formation. CHEM CATALYSIS 2023; 3:100490. [PMID: 36936750 PMCID: PMC10022585 DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2022.100490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aryl diazonium salts are ubiquitous building blocks in chemistry, as they are useful radical precursors in organic synthesis as well as for the functionalization of solid materials. They can be reduced electrochemically or through a photo-induced electron transfer reaction. Here we provide a detailed picture of the ground and excited-state reactivity of a series of 9 rare and earth abundant photosensitizers with 13 aryl diazonium salts, which also included 3 macrocyclic calix[4]arene tetradiazonium salts. Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy confirmed the occurrence of excited-state electron transfer and was used to quantify cage-escape yields, i.e. the efficiency with which the formed radicals separate and escape the solvent cage. Cage-escape yields were large; increased when the driving force for photo-induced electron transfer increased and also tracked with the C-N2 + bond cleavage propensity, amongst others. A photo-induced borylation reaction was then investigated with all the photosensitizers and proceeded with yields between 9 and 74%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Ripak
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Simon De Kreijger
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, United States
| | - Cooper A. Vincent
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Émilie Cauët
- Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (CP 160/09), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, CP160/09, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Uttam K. Tambar
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Benjamin Elias
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Lead contact
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7
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Retout M, Cornelio B, Bruylants G, Jabin I. Bifunctional Calix[4]arene-Coated Gold Nanoparticles for Orthogonal Conjugation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9301-9309. [PMID: 35866876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are currently intensively exploited in the biomedical field as they possess interesting chemical and optical properties. Although their synthesis is well-known, their controlled surface modification with defined densities of ligands such as peptides, DNA, or antibodies remains challenging and has generally to be optimized case by case. This is particularly true for applications like in vivo drug delivery that require AuNPs with multiple ligands, for example a targeting ligand and a drug in well-defined proportions. In this context, we aimed to develop a calixarene-modification strategy that would allow the controlled orthogonal conjugation of AuNPs, respectively, via amide bond formation and copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). To do this, we synthesized a calix[4]arene-tetradiazonium salt bearing four PEG chains ended by an alkyne group (C1) and, after optimization of its grafting on 20 nm AuNPs, we demonstrated that CuAAC can be used to conjugate an azide containing dye (N3-cya7.5). It was observed that AuNPs coated with C1 (AuNPs-C1) can be conjugated to approximately 600 N3-cya7.5 that is much higher than the value obtained for AuNPs decorated with traditional thiolated PEG ligands terminated by an alkyne group. The control over the number of molecules conjugated via CuAAC was even possible by incorporating a non-functional calixarene (C2) into the coating layer. We then combined C1 with a calix[4]arene-tetradiazonium salt bearing four carboxyl groups (C3) that allows conjugation of an amine (NH2-cya7.5) containing dye. The conjugation potential of these bifunctional AuNPs-C1/C3 was quantified by UV-vis spectroscopy: AuNPs decorated with equal amount of C1 and C3 could be conjugated to approximately 350 NH2-dyes and 300 N3-dyes using successively amide bond formation and CuAAC, demonstrating the control over the orthogonal conjugation. Such nanoconstructs could benefit to anyone in the need of a controlled modification of AuNPs with two different molecules via two different chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Retout
- Engineering of Molecular Nanosystems, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Benedetta Cornelio
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 160/06, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Gilles Bruylants
- Engineering of Molecular Nanosystems, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 160/06, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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8
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Gosselin B, Retout M, Dutour R, Troian-Gautier L, Bevernaegie R, Herens S, Lefèvre P, Denis O, Bruylants G, Jabin I. Ultrastable Silver Nanoparticles for Rapid Serology Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulins G. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7383-7390. [PMID: 35561247 PMCID: PMC9127678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dipstick assays using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) stabilized by a thin calix[4]arene-based coating were developed and used for the detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in clinical samples. The calixarene-based coating enabled the covalent bioconjugation of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein via the classical EDC/sulfo-NHS procedure. It further conferred remarkable stability to the resulting bioconjugated AgNPs, as no degradation was observed over several months. In comparison with lateral-flow immunoassays (LFIAs) based on classical gold nanoparticles, our AgNP-based system constitutes a clear step forward, as the limit of detection for Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was reduced by 1 order of magnitude and similar signals were observed with 10 times fewer particles. In real clinical samples, the AgNP-based dipstick assays showed impressive results: 100% specificity was observed for negative samples, while a sensitivity of 73% was determined for positive samples. These values match the typical sensitivities obtained for reported LFIAs based on gold nanoparticles. These results (i) represent one of the first examples of the use of AgNP-based dipstick assays in the case of real clinical samples, (ii) demonstrate that ultrastable calixarene-coated AgNPs could advantageously replace AuNPs in LFIAs, and thus (iii) open new perspectives in the field of rapid diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Gosselin
- Engineering
of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique, Université libre
de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue
F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maurice Retout
- Engineering
of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raphaël Dutour
- Engineering
of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique, Université libre
de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue
F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robin Bevernaegie
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique, Université libre
de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue
F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Herens
- Service
de Biologie Clinique, Clinique CHC MontLégia, Bvd Patience et Beaujonc 2, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lefèvre
- Service
de Biologie Clinique, Hôpital de
Marche, Groupe VIVALIA, Rue du Vivier 21, 6900 Marche en Famenne, Belgium
| | - Olivier Denis
- Service
Immune Response, Sciensano, Site Ukkel Engelandstraat 642, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Bruylants
- Engineering
of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique, Université libre
de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue
F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Lenne Q, Retout M, Gosselin B, Bruylants G, Jabin I, Hamon J, Lagrost C, Leroux YR. Highly stable silver nanohybrid electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3334-3337. [PMID: 35188169 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00637e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were deliberately functionalized via aryl diazonium chemistry with a monolayer of calix[4]arenes. The resulting nanohybrids show high efficiency and high selectivity toward the ORR in alkaline media along with an exceptional durability and a high methanol tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Lenne
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Maurice Retout
- EMNS, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bryan Gosselin
- EMNS, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Bruylants
- EMNS, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- LCO, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 160/06, avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Yann R Leroux
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France.
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10
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Inclusion complexes of water-soluble calix[n]arenes with quercetin: preparation, characterization, water solubility, and antioxidant features. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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11
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Quaglio D, Polli F, Del Plato C, Cianfoni G, Tortora C, Mazzei F, Botta B, Calcaterra A, Ghirga F. Calixarene: a versatile scaffold for the development of highly sensitive biosensors. Supramol Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2021.2011283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Quaglio
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Polli
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Del Plato
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cianfoni
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy
| | - Carola Tortora
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Mazzei
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Calcaterra
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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12
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Retout M, Gosselin B, Mattiuzzi A, Ternad I, Jabin I, Bruylants G. Peptide‐Conjugated Silver Nanoparticles for the Colorimetric Detection of the Oncoprotein Mdm2 in Human Serum. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100450. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Retout
- UCSD: University of California San Diego Bioengineering UNITED STATES
| | - Bryan Gosselin
- Université Libre de Bruxelles: Universite Libre de Bruxelles Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles BELGIUM
| | - Alice Mattiuzzi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles: Universite Libre de Bruxelles Faculté des sciences BELGIUM
| | - Indiana Ternad
- Universite de Mons - Hainaut: Universite de Mons Faculté des Sciences BELGIUM
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Université Libre de Bruxelles: Universite Libre de Bruxelles Faculté des Sciences BELGIUM
| | - Gilles Bruylants
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels School of Engineering 50, av. F.D. Roosevelt 1050 Brussels BELGIUM
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13
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Retout M, Jabin I, Bruylants G. Synthesis of Ultrastable and Bioconjugable Ag, Au, and Bimetallic Ag_Au Nanoparticles Coated with Calix[4]arenes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19675-19684. [PMID: 34368555 PMCID: PMC8340414 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Compared to gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles are largely underexploited for the development of plasmonic nanosensors. This is mainly due to their easy chemical degradation through oxidation, poor colloidal stability, and usually broad size distribution after synthesis, which leads to broad localized surface plasmon resonance bands. Coatings based on polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and plant extracts have been used for the stabilization of AgNPs; however, these thick coatings are not suitable for sensing applications as they isolate the metallic core. The examples of stable AgNPs coated with a thin organic layer remain scarce in comparison to their gold counterparts. In this work, we present a convenient one-step synthesis strategy that allows to obtain unique gold, silver, and bimetallic NPs that combine all of the properties required for biosensing applications. The NPs are stabilized by a tunable calix[4]arene-based monolayer obtained through the reduction of calix[4]arene-tetradiazonium salts. These multidentate ligands are of particular interest as (i) they provide excellent colloidal and chemical stabilities to the particles thanks to their anchoring to the surface via multiple chemical bonds, (ii) they allow the subsequent (bio)conjugation of (bio)molecules under mild conditions, and (iii) they allow a control over the composition of mixed coating layers. Ag and Ag_Au nanoparticles of a high stability are obtained, opening perspectives for development of numerous biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Retout
- Engineering
of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique, Université libre
de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue
F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Bruylants
- Engineering
of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Li D, Luo Y, Onidas D, He L, Jin M, Gazeau F, Pinson J, Mangeney C. Surface functionalization of nanomaterials by aryl diazonium salts for biomedical sciences. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 294:102479. [PMID: 34237631 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) can be prepared by simple reactions and methods from a number of materials. Their small size opens up a number of applications in different fields, among which biomedicine, including: i) drug delivery, ii) biosensors, iii) bioimaging, iv) antibacterial activity. To be able to perform such tasks, NPs must be modified with a variety of functional molecules, such as drugs, targeting groups, chemical tags or antibacterial agents, and must also be prevented from aggregation. The attachment must be stable to resist during the transportation to the targeted location. Diazonium salts, which have been widely used for coupling applications and surface modification, fulfil such criteria. Moreover, they are simple to prepare and can be easily substituted with a large number of organic groups. This review describes the use of these compounds in nanomedicine with a focus on the construction of nanohybrids derived from metal, oxide and carbon-based NPs as well as viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Li
- Université de Paris, LCBPT, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Yun Luo
- Université de Paris, LCBPT, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | | | - Li He
- Université de Paris, LCBPT, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Ming Jin
- Université de Paris, LCBPT, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Jean Pinson
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France.
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15
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Mochizuki K, Matsukura L, Ito Y, Miyashita N, Taki M. A medium-firm drug-candidate library of cryptand-like structures on T7 phage: design and selection of a strong binder for Hsp90. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:146-150. [PMID: 33095213 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01855d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a medium-firm drug-candidate library of cryptand-like structures possessing a randomized peptide linker on the bacteriophage T7. From the macrocyclic library with a 109 diversity, we obtained a binder toward a cancer-related protein (Hsp90) with an antibody-like strong affinity (KD = 62 nM) and the binding was driven by the enthalpy. The selected supramolecular ligand inhibited Hsp90 activity by site-specific binding outside of the well-known ATP-binding pocket on the N-terminal domain (NTD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Mochizuki
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, The Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications (UEC), 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan.
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16
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Ramírez-Chan DE, Frontana C, González FJ. Electrografting of Carbon Surfaces with Aliphatic Chains and its Effect on the Rectification of Ferrocene as Redox Probe in Solution. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:944-951. [PMID: 33792153 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The mediated oxidation of acetate and octanoate ions in acetonitrile was used to covalently modify carbon surfaces with films bearing saturated aliphatic chains of different length. Film thickness increases proportionally with the length of the aliphatic chain within the carboxylate precursor. The thickest film was obtained from octanoate oxidation and rectification occurs when ferrocene is used as redox probe in acetonitrile solution. This effect increases with the bulky and hydrophobic nature of the supporting electrolyte cations; n-Hx4 N+ >n-Bu4 N+ >Me4 N+ . The combination of the bulky and hydrophobic properties of the supporting electrolyte ions as well as the hydrophobic properties of the electrografted films is the basis of rectification of ferrocene in cyclic voltammetry experiments. This phenomenon was simulated through a CEC mechanism in solution, where the mass transport inside the film channels was emulated through single chemical equilibria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Ramírez-Chan
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, C.P., 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Frontana
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro S/N, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, C.P. 76703, Mexico
| | - Felipe J González
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, C.P., 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
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17
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Wu T, Fitchett CM, Brooksby PA, Downard AJ. Building Tailored Interfaces through Covalent Coupling Reactions at Layers Grafted from Aryldiazonium Salts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:11545-11570. [PMID: 33683855 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aryldiazonium ions are widely used reagents for surface modification. Attractive aspects of their use include wide substrate compatibility (ranging from plastics to carbons to metals and metal oxides), formation of stable covalent bonding to the substrate, simplicity of modification methods that are compatible with organic and aqueous solvents, and the commercial availability of many aniline precursors with a straightforward conversion to the active reagent. Importantly, the strong bonding of the modifying layer to the surface makes the method ideally suited to further on-surface (postfunctionalization) chemistry. After an initial grafting from a suitable aryldiazonium ion to give an anchor layer, a target species can be coupled to the layer, hugely expanding the range of species that can be immobilized. This strategy has been widely employed to prepare materials for numerous applications including chemical sensors, biosensors, catalysis, optoelectronics, composite materials, and energy conversion and storage. In this Review our goal is first to summarize how a target species with a particular functional group may be covalently coupled to an appropriate anchor layer. We then review applications of the resulting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christopher M Fitchett
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Paula A Brooksby
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Alison J Downard
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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18
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Retout M, Blond P, Jabin I, Bruylants G. Ultrastable PEGylated Calixarene-Coated Gold Nanoparticles with a Tunable Bioconjugation Density for Biosensing Applications. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:290-300. [PMID: 33439626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many in vivo and in vitro applications using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) require (i) their PEGylation, as it increases their stability and prevents nonspecific protein adsorption, and (ii) their conjugation to biomolecules, that provides them with specific recognition properties. Currently, the functionalization of AuNPs is based on thiol chemistry that suffers from two major drawbacks: (i) the Au-S bond is labile and confers limited chemical robustness to the organic layer, and (ii) control over the bioconjugation density is highly challenging. We report here a novel functionalization strategy based on calix[4]arene-tetradiazonium platforms for the coating of AuNPs with a robust PEG layer and their controlled bioconjugation. AuNPs were first modified with a functional calix[4]arene-diazonium salt bearing three PEG chains ended by a methoxy group and one by a carboxyl group. The resulting particles showed excellent chemical and colloidal stabilities, compared to similar systems obtained via a classical thiol chemistry, and could even be dispersed in human serum without degrading or aggregating. In addition to that, the carboxyl groups protruding from the PEG layer allowed their conjugation via amide bond formation with amine-containing biomolecules such as peptides. The control of the bioconjugation was obtained by grafting mixed layers of functional and nonfunctional PEGylated calix[4]arenes, that allowed varying the number of functional groups carried by the AuNPs and subsequently their bioconjugation capacity while preserving their dense protective PEG shell. Finally, we used these nanomaterials, modified with peptide aptamers, for the in vitro biosensing of a cancer biomarker, Mdm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Retout
- Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascale Blond
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Bruylants
- Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Pilan L. Tailoring the performance of electrochemical biosensors based on carbon nanomaterials via aryldiazonium electrografting. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 138:107697. [PMID: 33486222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNs) offer some of the most valuable properties for electrochemical biosensing applications, such as good electrical conductivity, wide electrochemical stability, high specific surface area, and biocompatibility. Regardless the envisioned sensing application, endowing CNs with specific functions through controlled chemical functionalization is fundamental for promoting the specific binding of the analyte. As a versatile and straightforward method of surface functionalization, aryldiazonium chemistry have been successfully used to accommodate in a stable and reproducible way different functionalities, while the electrochemical route has become the favourite choice since the deposition conditions can be readily controlled and adapted to the substrate. In particular, the modification of CNs by electrochemical reduction of aryl diazonium salts is established as a powerful tool which allows tailoring the chemical and electronic properties of the sensing platform. By outlining the stimulating results disclosed in the last years, this article provides not only a comprehensively review, but also a rational assessment on contribution of aryldiazonium electrografting in developing CNs-based electrochemical biosensors. Furthermore, some of the emerging challenges to be surpassed to effectively implement this methodology for in vivo and point of care analysis are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Pilan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
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20
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Blond P, Bevernaegie R, Troian-Gautier L, Lagrost C, Hubert J, Reniers F, Raussens V, Jabin I. Ready-to-Use Germanium Surfaces for the Development of FTIR-Based Biosensors for Proteins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12068-12076. [PMID: 33007158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Germanium is particularly suitable for the design of FTIR-based biosensors for proteins. The grafting of stable and thin organic layers on germanium surfaces remains, however, challenging. To tackle this problem, we developed a calix[4]arene-tetradiazonium salt decorated with four oligo(ethylene glycol) chains and a terminal reactive carboxyl group. This versatile molecular platform was covalently grafted on germanium surfaces to yield robust ready-to-use surfaces for biosensing applications. The grafted calixarene monolayer prevents nonspecific adsorption of proteins while allowing bioconjugation with biomolecules such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) or biotin. It is shown that the native form of the investigated proteins was maintained upon immobilization. As a proof of concept, the resulting calix[4]arene-based germanium biosensors were used through a combination of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy for the selective detection of streptavidin from a complex medium. This study opens real possibilities for the development of sensitive and selective FTIR-based biosensors devoted to the detection of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Blond
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Centre for Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP206/02, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robin Bevernaegie
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Julie Hubert
- Chemistry of Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanomaterials, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 255, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - François Reniers
- Chemistry of Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanomaterials, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 255, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Raussens
- Laboratory for the Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Centre for Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP206/02, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Mattiuzzi A, Lenne Q, Carvalho Padilha J, Troian-Gautier L, Leroux YR, Jabin I, Lagrost C. Strategies for the Formation of Monolayers From Diazonium Salts: Unconventional Grafting Media, Unconventional Building Blocks. Front Chem 2020; 8:559. [PMID: 32766206 PMCID: PMC7381217 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pioneered by J. Pinson and coll. in 1990s, the reductive grafting of aryldiazonium salts has become a powerful method for surface functionalization. Highly robust interfaces result from this surface attachment, resistant to heat, chemical degradation and ultrasonication. Importantly, this approach can be applied to many materials, ranging from conducting, semi-conducting, oxides to insulating substrates. In addition, either massive, flat surfaces or nanomaterials can be functionalized. The method is easy to process and fast. The grafting process involves the formation of highly reactive aryl radicals able to attack the substrate. However, the generated radicals can also react with already-grafted aryl species, leading to the formation of loosely-packed polyaryl multilayer films, typically of 10-15 nm thick. It is thus highly challenging to control the vertical extension of the deposited layer and to form well-ordered monolayers from aryldiazonium salts. In this mini review, we briefly describe the different strategies that have been developed to prepare well-ordered monolayers. We especially focus on two strategies successfully used in our laboratories, namely the use of unconventional solvents, i.e., room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), as grafting media and the use of calixarene macrocycles by taking benefit of their pre-organized structure. These strategies give large possibilities for the structuring of interfaces with the widest choice of materials and highlight the potential of aryldiazonium grafting as a competitive alternative to self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkyl thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janine Carvalho Padilha
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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