1
|
Foschi F, Tinivella A, Crippa V, Pinzi L, Mologni L, Passarella D, Rastelli G. Structure-activity exploration of a small-molecule allosteric inhibitor of T790M/L858R double mutant EGFR. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:239-245. [PMID: 36373202 PMCID: PMC9665079 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2145284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR is a protein kinase whose aberrant activity is frequently involved in the development of non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) drug resistant forms. The allosteric inhibition of this enzyme is currently one among the most attractive approaches to design and develop anticancer drugs. In a previous study, we reported the identification of a hit compound acting as type III allosteric inhibitor of the L858R/T790M double mutant EGFR. Herein, we report the design, synthesis and in vitro testing of a series of analogues of the previously identified hit with the aim of exploring the structure-activity relationships (SAR) around this scaffold. The performed analyses allowed us to identify two compounds 15 and 18 showing improved inhibition of double mutant EGFR with respect to the original hit, as well as interesting antiproliferative activity against H1975 NSCLC cancer cells expressing double mutant EGFR. The newly discovered compounds represent promising starting points for further hit-to-lead optimisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Foschi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Annachiara Tinivella
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Crippa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Pinzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Mologni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guin AK, Pal S, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty S, Paul ND. Oxygen Dependent Switchable Selectivity during Ruthenium Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of C3-Alkylated Indoles and Bis(indolyl)methanes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38015094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a ligand-centered redox-controlled oxygen-dependent switchable selectivity during ruthenium-catalyzed selective synthesis of C3-alkylated indoles and bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs). A wide variety of C3-alkylated indoles and BIMs were prepared selectively in moderate to good isolated yields by coupling a wide variety of indoles and alcohols, catalyzed by a well-defined, air-stable, and easy-to-prepare Ru(II)-catalyst (1a) bearing a redox-active tridentate pincer (L1a). Catalyst 1a efficiently catalyzed the C3-alkylation of indoles under an argon atmosphere while, under an oxygen environment, exclusively producing the BIMs. A few drug molecules containing BIMs were also synthesized efficiently. 1a exhibited excellent chemoselectivity with alcohols containing internal carbon-carbon double bonds. Mechanistic investigation revealed that the coordinated azo-aromatic ligand actively participates during the catalysis. During the dehydrogenation of alcohols, the azo-moiety of the ligand stores the hydrogen removed from the alcohols and subsequently transfers the hydrogen to the alkylideneindolenine intermediate, forming the C3-alkylated indoles. While under an oxygen environment, the transfer of hydrogen from the ligand scaffold to the molecular oxygen generates H2O2, leaving no scope for hydrogenation of the alkylideneindolenine intermediate, rather than it undergoing 1,4-Michael-type addition forming the BIMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhasree Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Santana Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nanda D Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cui J, Wang T. B(C 6F 5) 3-mediated direct intramolecular C7-alkenylation of N-propargylindoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10279-10282. [PMID: 37539546 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02599c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
B(C6F5)3-mediated direct C7-alkenylation of N-propargylindoles without directing groups was developed. This reaction proceeds via the π-activation of the alkynyl group with B(C6F5)3/Friedel-Crafts alkenylation/proton transfer reaction sequence. Interestingly, C7-alkenylation products could further convert into the fused indoles by deprotonation and finally polyaromatic N-heterocycles by the hydride abstraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cui
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Tongdao Wang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Yi ZJ, Yang AM, Guo JM, Li X, Wei BG. AgSbF 6-catalyzed C3 aza-Friedel-Crafts alkylation of N, O-acetals with indoles for the synthesis of N-α indole substituted pyrrolidine and piperidine derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1303-1315. [PMID: 36648089 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02213c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An efficient approach to access chiral N-α indole substituted pyrrolidine and piperidine skeletons has been developed through a AgSbF6-catalyzed N-α aza-Friedel-Crafts alkylation of N,O-acetals 6a, 6b, 9, and 11a-11d with indoles. As a result, a series of 2,3-trans N-α indole substituted pyrrolidines 8a-8x and piperidines 10a-10j were prepared in moderate to excellent yields and with excellent diastereoselectivities (dr up to 99 : 1). Moreover, several 2,5-cis-N-α indole substituted pyrrolidine derivatives 12a-12k were synthesized according to this strategy with moderate to good yields and diastereoselectivities (dr up to 99 : 1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China. .,Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zi-Juan Yi
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ai-Mei Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Jia-Ming Guo
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Bang-Guo Wei
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen L, Li P. Organocatalytic Regio- and Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation of Indolin-2-imines with MBH Carbonates toward 3-Allylindoles. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36700934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An organocatalytic asymmetric C3-allylic alkylation of indolone-2-imines with MBH carbonates has been developed for the first time. As opposed to previous reports, an "interrupted" annulation was achieved, affording 3-allylindoles in generally high yields with excellent stereoselectivities. The representative scale-up reaction and transformation of 3-allylindoles were examined. A possible mechanism was also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lunfeng Chen
- School of Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Z, Cheng Y, Yue Z, Chen X, Li P, Li W. Organocatalytic Asymmetric 3‐Allenylation of Indoles via Remote Stereocontrolled 1,10‐Additions of Alkynyl Indole Imine Methides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Wang
- Qingdao University Department of Chemistry Qingdao CHINA
| | - Yuyu Cheng
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Shenzhen CHINA
| | - Zhibin Yue
- Qingdao University Department of Chemistry Qingdao CHINA
| | - Xuling Chen
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Shenzhen CHINA
| | - Pengfei Li
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Nanshan district 518055 Shenzhen CHINA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Qingdao University Department of Chemistry Qingdao CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu Y, Lin Z, Fang R, Guo Y, Tu L, Yan Y, Zhang W, Sun H, Gao Z. Titanocene Lewis Acid Complexes with Diversified N,O-Ligands: Selectivity toward Three-Component Friedel–Crafts Reactions of Indoles. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Organometallic Catalytic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, P. R. China
| | - Rongmiao Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Organometallic Catalytic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Li Tu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Organometallic Catalytic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yikun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Organometallic Catalytic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Organometallic Catalytic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Huaming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Organometallic Catalytic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Organometallic Catalytic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yi ZJ, Sun JT, Yang TY, Yu XY, Han XL, Wei BG. Cu(OTf) 2-catalyzed C3 aza-Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with N, O-acetals. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2261-2270. [PMID: 35229848 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02383g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An efficient approach to access functionalized indole derivatives has been developed through Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed C3 aza-Friedel-Crafts alkylation of substituted indoles 5a-5m, N-methyl-pyrrole with linear N,O-acetals 4a-4l. As a result, a series of C3 amide aza-alkylated indole derivatives 6a-6ag and 7 were synthesized in moderate to excellent yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Juan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jian-Ting Sun
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Tian-Yu Yang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xian-Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Li Han
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China. .,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Bang-Guo Wei
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang X, Song Q, Chen X, Li P, Qi Y, Li W. Organocatalytic Regio- and Enantioselective aza-1,8-Conjugate Additions of Isoxazol-5(4 H)-ones to 6-Methide-6 H-indoles. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202112023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
10
|
Belen’kii LI, Gazieva GA, Evdokimenkova YB, Soboleva NO. The literature of heterocyclic chemistry, Part XX, 2020. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
|
11
|
Wu Y, Yue Z, Qian C, Chen X, Li F, Li P, Li W. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Construction of Axially Chiral Tetrasubstituted Allenes via 1,6‐Addition of Alkynyl Indole Imine Methides with 2‐Substituted Indoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Yue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 P. R. China
| | - Chenxiao Qian
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis College of Science Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Xuling Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis College of Science Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Fushuai Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis College of Science Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kuang G, Liu D, Chen X, Liu G, Fu Y, Peng Y, Li H, Zhou Y. Transient Directing Group Strategy as a Unified Method for Site Selective Direct C4-H Halogenation of Indoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:8402-8406. [PMID: 34664971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A unified method for direct C4-H halogenation of indoles has been accomplished with the assistance of anthranilic acids as suitable transient directing groups. Exclusive site selectivity (one out of five potential reactive sites) as well as good functional group tolerance was obtained to install three kinds of halogen atoms (Cl, Br and I, respectively) by using inexpensive N-halosuccinimides (NXS) as halogen sources under mild conditions. Taking advantage of the rich functional groups in the product, a diversity of nitrogen-containing heterocycles were facily constructed via one-step late-stage derivations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Kuang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.,Chemistry and Environment Engineering College, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 475000, China
| | - Xuerong Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yang Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Hua Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yirong Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Borah B, Dwivedi KD, Chowhan LR. Recent Advances in Metal‐ and Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Functionalization of Pyrroles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biplob Borah
- School of Applied Material Sciences Centre for Applied Chemistry Central University of Gujarat Sector-30 Gandhinagar 382030 India
| | - Kartikey Dhar Dwivedi
- School of Applied Material Sciences Centre for Applied Chemistry Central University of Gujarat Sector-30 Gandhinagar 382030 India
| | - L. Raju Chowhan
- School of Applied Material Sciences Centre for Applied Chemistry Central University of Gujarat Sector-30 Gandhinagar 382030 India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Z, Xu S, Wang K, Kong N, Liu X. Recent Studies of Bifunctionalization of Simple Indoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan‐Yong Wang
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Shaohong Xu
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Kai‐Kai Wang
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Niuniu Kong
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Chemistry Lishui University Zhejiang P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kiyokawa K, Urashima N, Minakata S. Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane-Catalyzed Formal Cyanoalkylation of Indoles with Cyanohydrins. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8389-8401. [PMID: 34077225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the significant achievements related to the C3 functionalization of indoles, cyanoalkylation reactions continue to remain rather limited. We herein report on the formal C3 cyanoalkylation of indoles with cyanohydrins in the presence of a tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3) catalyst. It is noteworthy that cyanohydrins are used as a cyanoalkylating reagent in the present reaction, even though they are usually used as only a HCN source. Mechanistic investigations revealed the unique reactivity of the B(C6F5)3 catalyst in promoting the decomposition of a cyanohydrin by a Lewis acidic activation through the coordination of the cyano group to the boron center. In addition, a catalytic three-component reaction using indoles, aldehydes as a carbon unit, and acetone cyanohydrin that avoids the discrete preparation of each aldehyde-derived cyanohydrin is also reported. The developed methods provide straightforward, highly efficient, and atom-economic access to various types of synthetically useful indole-3-acetonitrile derivatives containing α-tertiary or quaternary carbon centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naruyo Urashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gaviña D, Escolano M, Torres J, Alzuet‐Piña G, Sánchez‐Roselló M, Pozo C. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation Reactions of Pyrroles. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gaviña
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Valencia E-46100 Burjassot Spain
| | - Marcos Escolano
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Valencia E-46100 Burjassot Spain
| | - Javier Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Valencia E-46100 Burjassot Spain
| | - Gloria Alzuet‐Piña
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Valencia E-46100 Burjassot Spain
| | | | - Carlos Pozo
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Valencia E-46100 Burjassot Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wen J, Shi Z. From C4 to C7: Innovative Strategies for Site-Selective Functionalization of Indole C-H Bonds. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1723-1736. [PMID: 33709705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The widespread presence of hydrocarbons makes C-H functionalization an attractive alternative to traditional cross-coupling methods. As indole is an important heteroarene in a plethora of natural products and pharmaceuticals, C-H functionalization of indole moieties has emerged as one of the most important topics in this field. Due to the presence of multiple C-H bonds in indoles, site selectivity is a long-standing challenge. Much effort has been devoted to the C-H functionalization of indoles at the C3 or C2 position, while accessing the benzene core (from C4 to C7) is considerably more challenging.This Account summarizes our recent efforts toward site-selective C-H functionalization of indoles at the benzene core based on innovative strategies. A common method to solve the issue involves the development of directing groups (DGs). Our early studies establish that the installation of the N-P(O)tBu2 group at the N position can produce C7 and C6 arylation products using palladium and copper catalysts, respectively. The developed system can also be extended to direct arylation of indoles at the C5 and C4 positions by installing a pivaloyl group at the C3 position. Further investigation of indoles bearing N-PtBu2 groups shows a more diverse reactivity for C-H functionalizations at the C7 position, including arylation, olefination, acylation, alkylation, silylation, and carbonylation with different coupling partners. Compared to the P(V) DG, the P(III) group can be easily attached to the indole substrates and detached from the products. However, these attractive reactions rely mostly on precious metal catalysts with ligands; this requirement can be a significant limitation, particularly for large-scale syntheses and the necessity of removal of toxic trace metals in pharmaceutical products. We have also uncovered a general strategy for chelation-assisted aromatic C-H borylation just using simple BBr3 under mild conditions, in which the installation of pivaloyl groups at the N1 or C3 position of indoles can selectively deliver the boron species to the unfavorable C7 or C4 positions and allow subsequent C-H borylation without any metal. This transition-metal-free strategy can be extended to synthesize C7 and C4 hydroxylated indoles by boron-mediated directed C-H hydroxylation under mild reaction conditions and with broad functional group compatibility.In this Account, we describe our contributions to this topic since 2015. These studies provide efficient and attractive methods for the divergent synthesis of valuable substituted indoles and insights into the exploration of new strategies for the site-selective C-H functionalization and directives for other important heteroarenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Qin H, Zhang J, Qiao K, Zhang D, He W, Liu C, Fang Z, Guo K. Palladium-Catalyzed C2-Regioselective Perfluoroalkylation of the Free (NH)-Heteroarenes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2840-2853. [PMID: 33433213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A highly regioselective and atom-efficient strategy for the construction of fused free (NH) heteroarenes through a palladium-catalyzed perfluoroalkyl insertion reaction has been accomplished. This protocol employed multiple iodofluoroalkanes as practical and available perfluoroalkyl sources to provide an operationally simple and versatile route for the synthesis of perfluoroalkylated indoles. Moreover, indoles without the assistance of guide groups were utilized as substrates, achieving C(sp2)-H site-selective functionalization of indoles in yields up to 95%. Furthermore, this protocol was also used for late-stage C2 perfluoroalkylation of bioactive compounds such as auxin, tryptophan, and melatonin analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Kai Qiao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Z, Lin X, Chen X, Li P, Li W. Organocatalytic stereoselective 1,6-addition of thiolacetic acids to alkynyl indole imine methides: access to axially chiral sulfur-containing tetrasubstituted allenes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed enantioselective 1,6-conjugate addition of thiolacetic acid to alkynyl indole imine methide in situ formed from α-(3-indolyl) propargylic alcohol has been established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Xuling Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| |
Collapse
|