1
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Goldberg AR, Langwig KE, Brown KL, Marano JM, Rai P, King KM, Sharp AK, Ceci A, Kailing CD, Kailing MJ, Briggs R, Urbano MG, Roby C, Brown AM, Weger-Lucarelli J, Finkielstein CV, Hoyt JR. Widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife communities. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6210. [PMID: 39075057 PMCID: PMC11286844 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49891-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Pervasive SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans have led to multiple transmission events to animals. While SARS-CoV-2 has a potential broad wildlife host range, most documented infections have been in captive animals and a single wildlife species, the white-tailed deer. The full extent of SARS-CoV-2 exposure among wildlife communities and the factors that influence wildlife transmission risk remain unknown. We sampled 23 species of wildlife for SARS-CoV-2 and examined the effects of urbanization and human use on seropositivity. Here, we document positive detections of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in six species, including the deer mouse, Virginia opossum, raccoon, groundhog, Eastern cottontail, and Eastern red bat between May 2022-September 2023 across Virginia and Washington, D.C., USA. In addition, we found that sites with high human activity had three times higher seroprevalence than low human-use areas. We obtained SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences from nine individuals of six species which were assigned to seven Pango lineages of the Omicron variant. The close match to variants circulating in humans at the time suggests at least seven recent human-to-animal transmission events. Our data support that exposure to SARS-CoV-2 has been widespread in wildlife communities and suggests that areas with high human activity may serve as points of contact for cross-species transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Goldberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kate E Langwig
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Katherine L Brown
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Marano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Pallavi Rai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kelsie M King
- Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Amanda K Sharp
- Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Alessandro Ceci
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | | | - Macy J Kailing
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Russell Briggs
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Matthew G Urbano
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Clinton Roby
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Anne M Brown
- Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Data Services, University Libraries, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Academy of Integrated Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Carla V Finkielstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA.
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA.
- Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Academy of Integrated Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Joseph R Hoyt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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2
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An P, Zhang Z, Yang J, Wang T, Wang Z, Sun CL, Qin C, Li J. Ultrasensitive and Label-Free Detection of Copper Ions by GHK-Modified Asymmetric Nanochannels. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13456-13462. [PMID: 37624577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Artificial solid-state nanochannels have garnered considerable attention as promising nanofluidic tools for ion/molecular detection, DNA sequencing, and biomimicry. Recently, nanofluidic devices have emerged as cost-effective detection tools for heavy metal ions by modifying stimuli-responsive materials. In this work, high-purity glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine (GHK) peptide is synthesized by using 7-diphenylphosphonooxycoumarin-4-methanol (DPCM) as a protecting group and auxiliary carrier by homogeneous synthesis of photocleavable groups. Subsequently, we developed a GHK-modified asymmetric nanochannel nanofluidic diode by covalently attaching the GHK peptide to the inner surface of the nanochannels. This modification facilitated specific recognition and ultra-trace level detection of Cu2+ ions, achieving a detection limit of 10-15 M. Due to the robust complexing ability between Cu2+ and GHK peptide, the GHK-modified asymmetric nanochannels can form GHK-Cu complexes on the inner surface of nanochannels when Cu2+ passes through the nanochannels. This results in changes of current-potential (I-V) properties, which facilitated Cu2+ detection. Theoretical calculations confirmed the high affinity of the GHK peptide for Cu2+, thereby ensuring excellent Cu2+ selectivity. To evaluate the applicability of our system for detecting Cu2+ in real-world scenarios, we analyzed the concentration of Cu2+ in tap water. The GHK-Cu complexes could be dissociated by adding EDTA to the solution, enabling the regeneration and reuse of this ultrasensitive and label-free Cu2+ detection system using GHK-modified asymmetric multi-nanochannels. We anticipate that the GHK-modified asymmetric nanochannels will find future applications in the label-free detection of Cu2+ in domestic water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengrong An
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University. No. 127, Youyi Road (West), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University. No. 127, Youyi Road (West), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Jincan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University. No. 127, Youyi Road (West), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University. No. 127, Youyi Road (West), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University. No. 127, Youyi Road (West), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Lin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshui Road (South), Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Chuanguang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University. No. 127, Youyi Road (West), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University. No. 127, Youyi Road (West), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
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3
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Wu A, Yamamoto H. Super silyl-based stable protecting groups for both the C- and N-terminals of peptides: applied as effective hydrophobic tags in liquid-phase peptide synthesis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5051-5061. [PMID: 37206381 PMCID: PMC10189889 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01239e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tag-assisted liquid-phase peptide synthesis (LPPS) is one of the important processes in peptide synthesis in pharmaceutical discovery. Simple silyl groups have positive effects when incorporated in the tags due to their hydrophobic properties. Super silyl groups contain several simple silyl groups and play an important role in modern aldol reactions. In view of the unique structural architecture and hydrophobic properties of the super silyl groups, herein, two new types of stable super silyl-based groups (tris(trihexylsilyl)silyl group and propargyl super silyl group) were developed as hydrophobic tags to increase the solubility in organic solvents and the reactivity of peptides during LPPS. The tris(trihexylsilyl)silyl group can be installed at the C-terminal of the peptides in ester form and N-terminal in carbamate form for peptide synthesis and it is compatible with hydrogenation conditions (Cbz chemistry) and Fmoc-deprotection conditions (Fmoc chemistry). The propargyl super silyl group is acid-resistant, which is compatible with Boc chemistry. Both tags are complementary to each other. The preparation of these tags requires less steps than previously reported tags. Nelipepimut-S was synthesized successfully with different strategies using these two types of super silyl tags.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Wu
- Peptide Research Centre, Chubu University 1200 Matsumoto-cho Kasugai Aichi 487-8501 Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Peptide Research Centre, Chubu University 1200 Matsumoto-cho Kasugai Aichi 487-8501 Japan
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4
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In Vitro Structure–Activity Relationship Study of a Novel Octapeptide Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor from the Freshwater Mussel Lamellidens marginalis. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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Sharma A, Kumar A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Liquid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (LPPS): A Third Wave for the Preparation of Peptides. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13516-13546. [PMID: 35816287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the last century, peptides have gained wide acceptance as drugs, with almost 100 already in the market and a large number in the pipeline. In this context, peptide synthesis has grown massively as a stringent field for pharmaceuticals around the globe. Three methodologies, namely, classical solution peptide synthesis (CSPS), solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), and liquid-phase peptide synthesis (LPPS), have made significant contributions to the field. This review provides a comprehensive and integrated vision of LPPS as the third wave for peptide synthesis. LPPS combines the advantages of CSPS and SPPS, where peptide elongation is carried out in solution and the growing peptide chain is supported on a soluble tag, which confers characteristic properties. LPPS protocols allow the large-scale production of peptides and reduce the use of excess reagents and solvents, thus meeting the principles of green chemistry. In this review, tags associated with LPPS are broadly discussed under the following headings: polydisperse polyethylene glycol (PEG), membrane-enhanced peptide synthesis (MEPS), fluorous technology, ionic liquids (ILs), PolyCarbon, hydrophobic polymers, and group-assisted purification (GAP). It also highlights the signature accomplishments of LPPS tags and the limitations of the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Sharma
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa.,Department of Chemistry, Prayoga Institute of Education Research (PIER), Bangalore 560082, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa.,KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.,Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., No 49 Canara Bank Road, Bommasandra Industrial Area, Phase I Bommasandra, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa.,Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Li H, Li J, Chao J, Zhang Z, Qin C. Head-to-tail cyclization for the synthesis of naturally occurring cyclic peptides on organophosphorus small-molecular supports. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
4,4′-bis(diphenylphosphinyloxyl) diphenyl ketoxime and 4-diphenyl phospholoxy benzyl alcohol were designed and prepared as supports for peptide synthesis. The total synthesis of cyclic peptides in a resin-free manner was successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Special Functional & Intelligent Polymer materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Junyou Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Special Functional & Intelligent Polymer materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Special Functional & Intelligent Polymer materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Special Functional & Intelligent Polymer materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Chuanguang Qin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Special Functional & Intelligent Polymer materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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7
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Wu A, Ramakrishna I, Hattori T, Yamamoto H. Silicon-based hydrophobic tags applied in liquid-phase peptide synthesis: protected DRGN-1 and poly alanine chain synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8685-8692. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01795d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two types of silicon-based hydrophobic tags, including a siloxy group containing tag and an arylsilyl group containing tag, were developed for applying them in tag-assisted liquid-phase peptide synthesis (Tag LPPS) to synthesize long peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Wu
- Peptide Research Centre, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Isai Ramakrishna
- Peptide Research Centre, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hattori
- Peptide Research Centre, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Peptide Research Centre, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
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8
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Rahman AU, Zarshad N, Khan I, Faiz F, Li G, Ali A. Regio- and Diastereoselective Vicinal Aminobromination of Electron Deficient Olefins via Phosphorus-Based GAP Protocol. Front Chem 2021; 9:742399. [PMID: 34568286 PMCID: PMC8456122 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.742399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical synthesis based on Group-Assisted Purification chemistry (GAP) has been prolifically used as a powerful, greener and ecofriendly tool so far. Herein, we report hypervalent iodine (III) mediated regio- and diastereoselective aminobromination of electron-deficient olefins using group-assisted purification (GAP) method. By simply mixing the GAP auxiliary-anchored substrates with TsNH2-NBS as nitrogen/bromine sources and PhI(OAc)2 as a catalyst, a series of vicinal bromoamines with multifunctionalities were obtained in moderate to excellent yields (53-94%). The vicinal bromoamines were obtained without column chromatography and/or recrystallization simply by washing the crude mixtures with cosolvents and thus avoiding wastage of silica, solvents, time, and labor. The GAP auxiliary is recyclable and reusable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Ur Rahman
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nighat Zarshad
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Iltaf Khan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, China
| | - Faisal Faiz
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guigen Li
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
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