1
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Raji IO, Dodo OJ, Saha NK, Eisenhart M, Miller KM, Whitfield R, Anastasaki A, Konkolewicz D. Network Polymer Properties Engineered Through Polymer Backbone Dispersity and Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315200. [PMID: 38546541 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Dispersity (Ð or Mw/Mn) is an important parameter in material design and as such can significantly impact the properties of polymers. Here, polymer networks with independent control over the molecular weight and dispersity of the linear chains that form the material are developed. Using a RAFT polymerization approach, a library of polymers with dispersity ranging from 1.2-1.9 for backbone chain-length (DP) 100, and 1.4-3.1 for backbone chain-length 200 were developed and transformed to networks through post-polymerization crosslinking to form disulfide linkers. The tensile, swelling, and adhesive properties were explored, finding that both at DP 100 and DP 200 the swelling ratio, tensile strength, and extensibility were superior at intermediate dispersity (1.3-1.5 for DP 100 and 1.6-2.1 for DP 200) compared to materials with either substantially higher or lower dispersity. Furthermore, adhesive properties for materials with chains of intermediate dispersity at DP 200 revealed enhanced performance compared to the very low or high dispersity chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim O Raji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
| | - Obed J Dodo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
| | - Nirob K Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
| | - Mary Eisenhart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
| | - Kevin M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Murray State University, Murray, KY 42071, USA
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH, Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH, Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
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2
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Shimizu T, Whitfield R, Jones GR, Raji IO, Konkolewicz D, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Controlling primary chain dispersity in network polymers: elucidating the effect of dispersity on degradation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13419-13428. [PMID: 38033899 PMCID: PMC10685271 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05203f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dispersity has been demonstrated to be instrumental in determining many polymer properties, current synthetic strategies predominantly focus on tailoring the dispersity of linear polymers. In contrast, controlling the primary chain dispersity in network polymers is much more challenging, in part due to the complex nature of the reactions, which has limited the exploration of properties and applications. Here, a one-step method to prepare networks with precisely tuned primary chain dispersity is presented. By using an acid-switchable chain transfer agent and a degradable crosslinker in PET-RAFT polymerization, the in situ crosslinking of the propagating polymer chains was achieved in a quantitative manner. The incorporation of a degradable crosslinker, not only enables the accurate quantification of the various primary chain dispersities, post-synthesis, but also allows the investigation and comparison of their respective degradation profiles. Notably, the highest dispersity networks resulted in a 40% increase in degradation time when compared to their lower dispersity analogues, demonstrating that primary chain dispersity has a substantial impact on the network degradation rate. Our experimental findings were further supported by simulations, which emphasized the importance of higher molecular weight polymer chains, found within the high dispersity materials, in extending the lifetime of the network. This methodology presents a new and promising avenue to precisely tune primary chain dispersity within networks and demonstrates that polymer dispersity is an important parameter to consider when designing degradable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Science & Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku Yokohama-shi Kanagawa 227-8502 Japan
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Glen R Jones
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ibrahim O Raji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University 651 E High St Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University 651 E High St Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Nghia P Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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3
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Ma Q, Qiao GG, An Z. Visible Light Photoiniferter Polymerization for Dispersity Control in High Molecular Weight Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314729. [PMID: 37814139 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of polymers with high molecular weights, controlled sequence, and tunable dispersities remains a challenge. A simple and effective visible-light controlled photoiniferter reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is reported here to realize this goal. Key to this strategy is the use of switchable RAFT agents (SRAs) to tune polymerization activities coupled with the inherent highly living nature of photoiniferter RAFT polymerization. The polymerization activities of SRAs were in situ adjusted by the addition of acid. In addition to a switchable chain-transfer coefficient, photolysis and polymerization kinetic studies revealed that neutral and protonated SRAs showed different photolysis and polymerization rates, which is unique to photoiniferter RAFT polymerization in terms of dispersity control. This strategy features no catalyst, no exogenous radical source, temporal regulation by visible light, and tunable dispersities in the unprecedented high molecular weight regime (up to 500 kg mol-1 ). Pentablock copolymers with three different dispersity combinations were also synthesized, highlighting that the highly living nature was maintained even for blocks with large dispersities. Tg was lowered for high-dispersity polymers of similar MWs due to the existence of more low-MW polymers. This strategy holds great potential for the synthesis of advanced materials with controlled molecular weight, dispersity and sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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4
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Van Oosten A, Verduyckt C, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Koeckelberghs G. Influence of the dispersity and molar mass distribution of conjugated polymers on the aggregation type and subsequent chiral expression. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:3794-3802. [PMID: 37191181 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00163f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the influence of the dispersity on the aggregation of conjugated polymers and their subsequent chiral expression. Dispersity has been thoroughly investigated for industrial polymerizations, but research on conjugated polymers is lacking. Nonetheless, knowledge thereof is crucial for controlling the aggregation type (type I versus type II) and its influence is therefore investigated. For that purpose, a series of polymers is synthesized via metered initiator addition, resulting in dispersities ranging from 1.18-1.56. The lower dispersity polymers yield type II aggregates and the resulting symmetrical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra while the higher dispersity polymers are predominantly type I due to the longer chains effectively acting as a seed and therefore yield asymmetrical ECD spectra. Furthermore, a monomodal and bimodal molar mass distribution of similar dispersity are compared, demonstrating that bimodal distributions show both aggregation types and therefore more disorder, leading to a decrease in chiral expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelien Van Oosten
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Cynthia Verduyckt
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) - University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) - University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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5
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Bellotti V, Parkatzidis K, Wang HS, De Alwis Watuthanthrige N, Orfano M, Monguzzi A, Truong NP, Simonutti R, Anastasaki A. Light-accelerated depolymerization catalyzed by Eosin Y. Polym Chem 2023; 14:253-258. [PMID: 36760607 PMCID: PMC9843692 DOI: 10.1039/d2py01383e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Retrieving the starting monomers from polymers synthesized by reversible deactivation radical polymerization has recently emerged as an efficient way to increase the recyclability of such materials and potentially enable their industrial implementation. To date, most methods have primarily focused on utilizing high temperatures (typically from 120 °C to 180 °C) to trigger an efficient depolymerization reaction. In this work, we show that, in the presence of Eosin Y under light irradiation, a much faster depolymerization of polymers made by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization can be triggered even at a lower temperature (i.e. 100 °C). For instance, green light, in conjunction with ppm amounts of Eosin Y, resulted in the accelerated depolymerization of poly(methyl methacrylate) from 16% (thermal depolymerization at 100 °C) to 37% within 1 hour, and finally 80% depolymerization after 8 hours, as confirmed by both 1H-NMR and SEC analyses. The enhanced depolymerization rate was attributed to the activation of a macroCTA by Eosin Y, thus resulting in a faster macroradical generation. Notably, this method was found to be compatible with different wavelengths (e.g. blue, red and white light irradiation), solvents, and RAFT agents, thus highlighting the potential of light to significantly improve current depolymerization approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bellotti
- Department of Material Science, University of Milano-Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy.,Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg-5 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg-5 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Hyun Suk Wang
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg-5 Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Matteo Orfano
- Department of Material Science, University of Milano-BicoccaVia R. Cozzi5520125 MilanItaly
| | - Angelo Monguzzi
- Department of Material Science, University of Milano-BicoccaVia R. Cozzi5520125 MilanItaly
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg-5ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Roberto Simonutti
- Department of Material Science, University of Milano-BicoccaVia R. Cozzi5520125 MilanItaly
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg-5 Zurich Switzerland
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6
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Wu Z, Fang W, Wu C, Corrigan N, Zhang T, Xu S, Boyer C. An aqueous photo-controlled polymerization under NIR wavelengths: synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles through thick barriers. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11519-11532. [PMID: 36320386 PMCID: PMC9555728 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03952d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We report an aqueous and near-infrared (NIR) light mediated photoinduced reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (photo-RAFT) polymerization system using tetrasulfonated zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPcS4 -) as a photocatalyst. Owing to the high catalytic efficiency and excellent oxygen tolerance of this system, well-controlled polyacrylamides, polyacrylates, and polymethacrylates were synthesized at fast rates without requiring deoxygenation. Notably, NIR wavelengths possess enhanced light penetration through non-transparent barriers compared to UV and visible light, allowing high polymerization rates through barriers. Using 6.0 mm pig skin as a barrier, the polymerization rate was only reduced from 0.36 to 0.21 h-1, indicating potential for biomedical applications. Furthermore, longer wavelengths (higher λ) can be considered an ideal light source for dispersion photopolymerization, especially for the synthesis of large diameter (d) nanoparticles, as light scattering is proportional to d 6/λ 4. Therefore, this aqueous photo-RAFT system was applied to photoinduced polymerization-induced self-assembly (photo-PISA), enabling the synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles with various morphologies, including spheres, worms, and vesicles. Taking advantage of high penetration and reduced light scattering of NIR wavelengths, we demonstrate the first syntheses of polymeric nanoparticles with consistent morphologies through thick barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wu
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Wenbo Fang
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Tong Zhang
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Sihao Xu
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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7
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Corrigan N, Boyer C. Living in the Moment: A Mathematically Verified Approach for Molecular Weight Distribution Analysis and Application to Data Storage. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
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8
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Controlling polymer molecular weight distributions by light through reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer‐hetero‐Diels–Alder click conjugation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Antonopoulou MN, Whitfield R, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Controlling polymer dispersity using switchable RAFT agents: Unravelling the effect of the organic content and degree of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Parkatzidis K, Boner S, Wang HS, Anastasaki A. Photoinduced Iron-Catalyzed ATRP of Renewable Monomers in Low-Toxicity Solvents: A Greener Approach. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:841-846. [PMID: 35731694 PMCID: PMC9301913 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Producing polymers
from renewable resources via more sustainable
approaches has become increasingly important. Herein we present the
polymerization of monomers obtained from biobased renewable resources,
employing an environmentally friendly photoinduced iron-catalyzed
atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in low-toxicity solvents.
We demonstrate that renewable monomers can be successfully polymerized
into sustainable polymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow
molar mass distributions (Đ as low as 1.17).
This is in contrast to reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer
(RAFT) polymerization, arguably the most commonly employed method
to polymerize biobased monomers, which led to poorer molecular weight
control and higher dispersities for these specific monomers (Đs ∼ 1.4). The versatility of our approach
was further highlighted by the temporal control demonstrated through
intermittent “on/off” cycles, controlled polymerizations
of a variety of monomers and chain lengths, oxygen-tolerance, and
high end-group fidelity exemplified by the synthesis of block copolymers.
This work highlights photoinduced iron-catalyzed ATRP as a powerful
tool for the synthesis of renewable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Parkatzidis
- -Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Silja Boner
- -Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Hyun Suk Wang
- -Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- -Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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11
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Zhang L, Lin S, Xu J. Stereochemistry-Induced Discrimination in Reaction Kinetics of Photo-RAFT Initialization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shiyang Lin
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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12
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Rosenbloom SI, Hsu JH, Fors BP. Controlling the shape of the molecular weight distribution for tailored tensile and rheological properties in thermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesse H. Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Brett P. Fors
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
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13
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Wu Z, Jung K, Wu C, Ng G, Wang L, Liu J, Boyer C. Selective Photoactivation of Trithiocarbonates Mediated by Metal Naphthalocyanines and Overcoming Activation Barriers Using Thermal Energy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:995-1005. [PMID: 35005982 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metal naphthalocyanines (MNcs) were demonstrated to be efficient photocatalysts to activate photoinduced electron-transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization, enabling well-controlled polymerization of (meth)acrylates under near-infrared (λ = 780 nm) light. Owing to their lower redox potential compared to previously explored photocatalysts, the activation of trithiocarbonate RAFT agents exhibited a unique selectivity that was dependent on the nature of the R group. Specifically, MNcs were capable in activating tertiary R group trithiocarbonates, whereas no activation of the trithiocarbonate possessing a secondary R group was observed. The combination of density functional theory calculations and experimental studies have revealed new mechanistic insights into the factors governing a PET-RAFT mechanism and explained this unique selectivity of MNcs toward tertiary carbon trithiocarbonates. Interestingly, by increasing the reaction temperature moderately (i.e., ∼15 °C), the energy barrier prohibiting the photoactivation of the trithiocarbonate with a secondary R group was overcome, enabling their successful activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.,Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Gervase Ng
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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14
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Tu W, Maksym PE, Kaminski K, Chat K, Adrjanowicz K. Free-radical polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) supported by the high electric field. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In macromolecular science, tunning basic polymer parameters, like molecular weight (Mn) or molecular weight distribution (dispersity, Đ), is an active research topic. Many prominent synthetic protocols concerning chemical modification of...
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15
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Kearns MM, Morley CN, Parkatzidis K, Whitfield R, Sponza AD, Chakma P, De Alwis Watuthanthrige N, Chiu M, Anastasaki A, Konkolewicz D. A general model for the ideal chain length distributions of polymers made with reversible deactivation. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A general model is developed for the distribution of polymers made with reversible deactivation. The model is applied to a range of experimental systems including RAFT, cationic and ATRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison M. Kearns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Colleen N. Morley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alvaro D. Sponza
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
| | - Progyateg Chakma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | | | - Melanie Chiu
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
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16
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Concurrent control over sequence and dispersity in multiblock copolymers. Nat Chem 2021; 14:304-312. [PMID: 34845344 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Controlling monomer sequence and dispersity in synthetic macromolecules is a major goal in polymer science as both parameters determine materials' properties and functions. However, synthetic approaches that can simultaneously control both sequence and dispersity remain experimentally unattainable. Here we report a simple, one pot and rapid synthesis of sequence-controlled multiblocks with on-demand control over dispersity while maintaining a high livingness, and good agreement between theoretical and experimental molecular weights and quantitative yields. Key to our approach is the regulation in the activity of the chain transfer agent during a controlled radical polymerization that enables the preparation of multiblocks with gradually ascending (Ɖ = 1.16 → 1.60), descending (Ɖ = 1.66 → 1.22), alternating low and high dispersity values (Ɖ = 1.17 → 1.61 → 1.24 → 1.70 → 1.26) or any combination thereof. We further demonstrate the potential of our methodology through the synthesis of highly ordered pentablock, octablock and decablock copolymers, which yield multiblocks with concurrent control over both sequence and dispersity.
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17
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Wang HS, Parkatzidis K, Harrisson S, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Controlling dispersity in aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization: rapid and quantitative synthesis of one-pot block copolymers. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14376-14382. [PMID: 34880988 PMCID: PMC8580105 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04241f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The dispersity (Đ) of a polymer is a key parameter in material design, and variations in Đ can have a strong influence on fundamental polymer properties. Despite its importance, current polymerization strategies to control Đ operate exclusively in organic media and are limited by slow polymerization rates, moderate conversions, significant loss of initiator efficiency and lack of dispersity control in block copolymers. Here, we demonstrate a rapid and quantitative method to tailor Đ of both homo and block copolymers in aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization. By using excess ligand to regulate the dissociation of bromide ions from the copper deactivator complexes, a wide range of monomodal molecular weight distributions (1.08 < Đ < 1.60) can be obtained within 10 min while achieving very high monomer conversions (∼99%). Despite the high conversions and the broad molecular weight distributions, very high end-group fidelity is maintained as exemplified by the ability to synthesize in situ diblock copolymers with absolute control over the dispersity of either block (e.g. low Đ → high Đ, high Đ → high Đ, high Đ → low Đ). The potential of our approach is further highlighted by the synthesis of complex pentablock and decablock copolymers without any need for purification between the iterative block formation steps. Other benefits of our methodology include the possibility to control Đ without affecting the M n, the interesting mechanistic concept that sheds light onto aqueous polymerizations and the capability to operate in the presence of air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Suk Wang
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Simon Harrisson
- LCPO, ENSCBP/CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, UMR5629 Pessac France
| | - Nghia P Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich Switzerland
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18
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Shimizu T, Truong NP, Whitfield R, Anastasaki A. Tuning Ligand Concentration in Cu(0)-RDRP: A Simple Approach to Control Polymer Dispersity. ACS POLYMERS AU 2021; 1:187-195. [PMID: 34901951 PMCID: PMC8662723 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cu(0)-reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) is a versatile polymerization tool, providing rapid access to well-defined polymers while utilizing mild reaction conditions and low catalyst loadings. However, thus far, this method has not been applied to tailor dispersity, a key parameter that determines the physical properties and applications of polymeric materials. Here, we report a simple to perform method, whereby Cu(0)-RDRP can systematically control polymer dispersity (Đ = 1.07-1.72), while maintaining monomodal molecular weight distributions. By varying the ligand concentration, we could effectively regulate the rates of initiation and deactivation, resulting in polymers of various dispersities. Importantly, both low and high dispersity PMA possess high end-group fidelity, as evidenced by MALDI-ToF-MS, allowing for a range of block copolymers to be prepared with different dispersity configurations. The scope of our method can also be extended to include inexpensive ligands (i.e., PMDETA), which also facilitated the polymerization of lower propagation rate constant monomers (i.e., styrene) and the in situ synthesis of block copolymers. This work significantly expands the toolbox of RDRP methods for tailoring dispersity in polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shimizu
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,Science
& Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical
Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku,
Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,
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19
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Zhang L, Ng G, Kapoor‐Kaushik N, Shi X, Corrigan N, Webster R, Jung K, Boyer C. 2D Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets as Multidimensional Photocatalysts for Functional Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Gervase Ng
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Natasha Kapoor‐Kaushik
- Electron Microscopy Unit Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Richard Webster
- Electron Microscopy Unit Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
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20
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Wallace MA, Sita LR. Temporal Control over Two‐ and Three‐State Living Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization for Modulating the Molecular Weight Distribution Profile of Polyolefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Wallace
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Lawrence R. Sita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
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21
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Chen M, Li J, Ma K, Jin G, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu J. Controlling Polymer Molecular Weight Distribution through a Latent Mediator Strategy with Temporal Programming. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Kaiqi Ma
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Guoqin Jin
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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22
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Precise Control of Both Dispersity and Molecular Weight Distribution Shape by Polymer Blending. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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23
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Whitfield R, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Precise Control of Both Dispersity and Molecular Weight Distribution Shape by Polymer Blending. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19383-19388. [PMID: 34133078 PMCID: PMC8456836 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The breadth and the shape of molecular weight distributions can significantly influence fundamental polymer properties that are critical for various applications. However, current approaches require the extensive synthesis of multiple polymers, are limited in dispersity precision and are typically incapable of simultaneously controlling both the dispersity and the shape of molecular weight distributions. Here we report a simplified approach, whereby on mixing two polymers (one of high Đ and one of low Đ), any intermediate dispersity value can be obtained (e.g. from 1.08 to 1.84). Unrivalled precision is achieved, with dispersity values obtained to even the nearest 0.01 (e.g. 1.37→1.38→1.39→1.40→1.41→1.42→1.43→1.44→1.45), while maintaining fairly monomodal molecular weight distributions. This approach was also employed to control the shape of molecular weight distributions and to obtain diblock copolymers with high dispersity accuracy. The straightforward nature of our methodology alongside its compatibility with a wide range of polymerisation protocols (e.g. ATRP, RAFT), significantly expands the toolbox of tailored polymeric materials and makes them accessible to all researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 58093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 58093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 58093ZurichSwitzerland
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24
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Lu Z, Yang H, Fu X, Zhao Y, Xiao L, Zhang Z, Hou L. Visible Light-Regulated Heterogeneous Catalytic PET-RAFT by High Crystallinity Covalent Organic Framework. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100384. [PMID: 34418210 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of promising photocatalysts for conversing light energy into chemical energy. Based on the tunable building blocks, COFs can be well-designed as photocatalyst for mediating reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Herein, 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-formylphenyl)pyrene (TFPPy) and 2,2″-bipyridine-5,5″-diamine (Bpy) are chosen to construct imine-based TFPPy-Bpy-COFs for catalyzing RAFT polymerization of methacrylates under white light irradiation. The well-defined polymers with precise molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution are obtained. The switch on/off light experiments suggest excellent temporal control toward RAFT polymerization system and the chain-extension reaction indicates high chain-end fidelity of macro-initiators. Mechanism study clarifies that the electron transfer between excited state of TFPPy-Bpy-COFs and RAFT agent can form living radicals to mediate polymerization. This methodology provides a novel platform for reversible-deactivation radical polymerization using COFs as heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lu
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Hongjie Yang
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Yulai Zhao
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Fuzhou University, Quanzhou, 362801, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Specialty Chemicals, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Longqiang Xiao
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Fuzhou University, Quanzhou, 362801, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Specialty Chemicals, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Zhuofan Zhang
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Linxi Hou
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Fuzhou University, Quanzhou, 362801, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Specialty Chemicals, Fuzhou, 350116, China
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25
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Wallace MA, Sita LR. Temporal Control over Two- and Three-State Living Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization for Modulating the Molecular Weight Distribution Profile of Polyolefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19671-19678. [PMID: 34196076 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A highly versatile new strategy for manipulating the molecular weight profiles, including breadth, asymmetry (skewness) and modal nature (mono-, bi-, and multimodal), of a variety of different polyolefins is reported. It involves temporal control over two- and three-state living coordinative chain transfer polymerization (LCCTP) of olefins in a programmable way. By changing the identity of the R' groups of the chain transfer agent, ER'n , with time, different populations of chains within a bi- or multimodal polyolefin product can be selectively tagged with different end-groups. By changing the nature of the main-group metal of the CTA, programmed manipulation of the relative magnitudes of the dispersities of the different maxima that make up the final MWD profile can be achieved. This strategy can be implemented with existing LCCTP materials and conventional reactor methods to provide access to scalable and practical quantities of an unlimited array of new polyolefin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Wallace
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Lawrence R Sita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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26
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Zhang L, Ng G, Kapoor-Kaushik N, Shi X, Corrigan N, Webster R, Jung K, Boyer C. 2D Porphyrinic Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets as Multidimensional Photocatalysts for Functional Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22664-22671. [PMID: 34322965 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ultrathin porphyrinic 2D MOFs, ZnTCPP nanosheets (TCPP: 5,10,15,20-(tetra-4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin) were employed as heterogeneous photocatalysts to activate PET-RAFT polymerization under various wavelengths ranging from violet to orange light. High polymerization rates, oxygen tolerance, and precise temporal control were achieved. The polymers showed narrow molecular weight distributions and good chain-end fidelity. The 2D ZnTCPP nanosheets were applied as photocatalysts in stereolithographic 3D printing in an open-air environment under blue light to yield well-defined 3D printed objects. Apart from providing an efficient catalytic system, 2D ZnTCPP nanosheets reinforced the mechanical properties of the 3D printed materials. The presence of ZnTCPP embedded in the materials conferred effective antimicrobial activity under visible light by production of singlet oxygen, affording 98 % and 93 % anti-bacterial efficiency against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Gervase Ng
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Natasha Kapoor-Kaushik
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard Webster
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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27
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Chen M, Li J, Ma K, Jin G, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu J. Controlling Polymer Molecular Weight Distribution through a Latent Mediator Strategy with Temporal Programming. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19705-19709. [PMID: 34189823 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymer molecular weight distribution (MWD) is a key parameter of polymers. Here we present a robust method for controlling polymer MWD in controlled cationic polymerizations. A latent mediator strategy was designed and combined with temporal programming to regenerate mediators at different times during polymerization. Both the breadths and shapes of MWD curves were tuned easily by adjusting an external light source. Bimodal, trimodal, and tetramodal distributions were obtained, and the breadths could be varied from 1.06 to 2.09. Polymers with different MWDs prepared by this method had good chain end fidelity, which was demonstrated with successful chain-extension experiments. In addition, the introduction of temporal programming with a computer-controlled single chip for the light source opened an avenue for the use of artificial intelligence in polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kaiqi Ma
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Guoqin Jin
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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28
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Zhang M, Li J, Chen M, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu J. Combination of the Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Addition Reaction and Living Cationic Polymerization: A Latent Initiator Strategy toward Tailoring Polymer Molecular Weight Distributions. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Miao Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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29
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Xu S, Trujillo FJ, Xu J, Boyer C, Corrigan N. Influence of Molecular Weight Distribution on the Thermoresponsive Transition of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100212. [PMID: 34121259 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) homopolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (MWDs) is prepared via photoinduced electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization. The thermal transition temperature of these polymer samples is analyzed via turbidity measurements in water/N,N'-dimethylformamide mixtures, which show that the cloud point temperatures are inversely proportional to the weight average molecular weight (Mw ). Binary mixtures of the narrowly distributed PNIPAm samples are also prepared and the statistical parameters for the MWDs of these blends are determined. Very interestingly, for binary blends of the PNIPAm samples, the thermoresponsive transition is not only dependent on the Mw , which has been shown previously, but also on higher order statistical parameters of the MWDs. Specifically, at very high values of skewness and kurtosis, the polymer blends deviate from a single sharp thermoresponsive transition toward a broader thermal response, and eventually to a regime of two more distinct transitions. This work highlights the importance of in-depth characterization of polymer MWDs for thermoresponsive polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Francisco J Trujillo
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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30
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Rolland M, Lohmann V, Whitfield R, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Understanding dispersity control in
photo‐
atom transfer radical polymerization: Effect of degree of polymerization and kinetic evaluation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Rolland
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Victoria Lohmann
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
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31
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Wang CG, Chong AML, Goto A. One Reagent with Two Functions: Simultaneous Living Radical Polymerization and Chain-End Substitution for Tailoring Polymer Dispersity. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:584-590. [PMID: 35570769 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The molecular weight distribution of polymer, termed dispersity (Đ), is a fundamental parameter that determines polymer properties. Sodium azide (NaN3) functions as a catalyst in organocatalyzed living radical polymerization when the reaction medium is nonpolar. In contrast, NaN3 can act as a nucleophile when the reaction medium is polar. In this paper, we report an efficient approach to dispersity control by exploiting the dual functions of NaN3 under the varied solvent polarity. Simultaneous polymerization and chain-end substitution allowed us to tune the Đ values of various polymethacrylates and poly(butyl acrylate). Notably, the Đ value could be tuned to a wide range approximately from 1.2 to 2.0 for polymethacrylates and to 3.8 for poly(butyl acrylate). This approach afforded polymer brushes on surfaces with tailored Đ values. An interesting finding was that the polymer brushes exhibited a unique interaction with external molecules, depending on the Đ value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Amerlyn Ming Liing Chong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
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32
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Allegrezza ML, Konkolewicz D. PET-RAFT Polymerization: Mechanistic Perspectives for Future Materials. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:433-446. [PMID: 35549229 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, photochemistry has emerged as a growing area in organic and polymer chemistry. Use of light to drive polymerization has advantages by imparting spatial and temporal control over the reaction. Photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (PET-RAFT) has emerged as an excellent technique for developing well-defined polymers from a variety of functional monomers. However, the mechanism, of electron versus energy transfer is debated in the literature, with conflicting reports on the underlying process. This perspective focuses on the mechanistic aspects of PET-RAFT, in particular, the electron versus energy transfer pathways. The different mechanisms are evaluated, including evidence for one versus the other mechanisms. The current literature has not reached a consensus across all PET-RAFT processes, but rather, each catalytic system has unique characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Allegrezza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemmistry, Miami University, 651 East High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemmistry, Miami University, 651 East High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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33
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Lee K, Corrigan N, Boyer C. Rapid High‐Resolution 3D Printing and Surface Functionalization via Type I Photoinitiated RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Lee
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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34
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Lee K, Corrigan N, Boyer C. Rapid High‐Resolution 3D Printing and Surface Functionalization via Type I Photoinitiated RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8839-8850. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Lee
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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35
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Zhang L, Shi X, Zhang Z, Kuchel RP, Namivandi‐Zangeneh R, Corrigan N, Jung K, Liang K, Boyer C. Porphyrinic Zirconium Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for PET‐RAFT Polymerization and Stereolithography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Rhiannon P Kuchel
- Electron Microscope Unit Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Rashin Namivandi‐Zangeneh
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Kang Liang
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
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36
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Zhang L, Shi X, Zhang Z, Kuchel RP, Namivandi‐Zangeneh R, Corrigan N, Jung K, Liang K, Boyer C. Porphyrinic Zirconium Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for PET‐RAFT Polymerization and Stereolithography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5489-5496. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Rhiannon P Kuchel
- Electron Microscope Unit Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Rashin Namivandi‐Zangeneh
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Kang Liang
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
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37
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Yin R, Wang Z, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Tuning dispersity of linear polymers and polymeric brushes grown from nanoparticles by atom transfer radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular weight distribution imposes considerable influence on the properties of polymers, making it an important parameter, impacting morphology and structural behavior of polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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38
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Parkatzidis K, Rolland M, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Tailoring polymer dispersity by mixing ATRP initiators. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01044a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a simple batch method to control polymer dispersity using a mixture of two ATRP initiators with different reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manon Rolland
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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39
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Ng G, Jung K, Li J, Wu C, Zhang L, Boyer C. Screening RAFT agents and photocatalysts to mediate PET-RAFT polymerization using a high throughput approach. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01258d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report a high throughput approach for the screening of RAFT agents and photocatalysts to mediate photoinduced electron/energy transfer-reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervase Ng
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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40
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Rosenbloom SI, Sifri RJ, Fors BP. Achieving molecular weight distribution shape control and broad dispersities using RAFT polymerizations. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00399b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metered additions of chain transfer agents are used to control molecular weight distribution (MWD) features in reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerizations, giving polymers with tailored MWD shapes and dispersities as high as 6.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie I. Rosenbloom
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Renee J. Sifri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Brett P. Fors
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
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41
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Jia R, Tu Y, Glauber M, Huang Z, Xuan S, Zhang W, Zhou N, Li X, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Fine control of the molecular weight and polymer dispersity via a latent monomeric retarder. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01569e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A latent monomeric retarder was used for a one-shot polymerization with a defined MW and Đ.
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42
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Pham P, Oliver S, Wong EHH, Boyer C. Effect of hydrophilic groups on the bioactivity of antimicrobial polymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial polymers have recently been investigated as potential treatments to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Pham
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Susan Oliver
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Edgar H. H. Wong
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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43
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Nwoko T, De Alwis Watuthanthrige N, Parnitzke B, Yehl K, Konkolewicz D. Tuning the molecular weight distributions of vinylketone-based polymers using RAFT photopolymerization and UV photodegradation. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01129d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The choice and mixture of chain transfer agent in reversible addition/fragmentation chain transfer polymerization has been used to modulate the dispersity and architecture of vinyl ketone polymers and their copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tochukwu Nwoko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, OH, USA
| | | | - Bryan Parnitzke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Kevin Yehl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, OH, USA
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44
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Wang TT, Wu YY, Luo ZH, Zhou YN. “Living” Polymer Dispersity Quantification for Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization Systems by Mimicking a Monodispersed Polymer Blending Strategy. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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45
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Liu K, Corrigan N, Postma A, Moad G, Boyer C. A Comprehensive Platform for the Design and Synthesis of Polymer Molecular Weight Distributions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN) and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Almar Postma
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN) and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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