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Yu P, Sedlačík T, Parmentier L, Jerca FA, Jerca VV, Van Vlierberghe S, Leiske MN, Hoogenboom R. Degradable Cell-Adhesive Hybrid Hydrogels by Cross-Linking of Gelatin with Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline). Biomacromolecules 2024. [PMID: 39059021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This study focused on the cross-linking of poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPOx) with gelatin to obtain strong, degradable hybrid hydrogels with good cell adhesion. The molecular weight and concentration of PiPOx and the PiPOx-to-gelatin ratio were varied to adjust the mechanical and swelling properties of the hybrid hydrogels. The swelling degree of PiPOx-gelatin hydrogels in water ranged between 1260 and 810%, with the corresponding Young's compressive moduli ranging from 77 to 215 kPa. Rheological measurements demonstrated the mechanical stability of the hydrogels. The hydrogels exhibited substantial degradation in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) and cell culture medium within several weeks, indicating their degradability and responsiveness. The cell adhesion assay with primary human foreskin fibroblasts revealed the hybrid hydrogels are noncytotoxic and support cell attachment and proliferation. These strong hydrogels thus show excellent potential as biomedical cell scaffolds, combining the tunability and strength of PiPOx hydrogels with gelatin's cell-interactive properties while the ester-containing cross-links provide tunable degradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peitao Yu
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tomáš Sedlačík
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurens Parmentier
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Florica Adriana Jerca
- Smart Organic Materials Group, "Costin D. Nenitzescu" Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202B Splaiul Independentei, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentin Victor Jerca
- Smart Organic Materials Group, "Costin D. Nenitzescu" Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202B Splaiul Independentei, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Meike N Leiske
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Kroneková Z, Majerčíková M, Paulovičová E, Minarčíková A, Danko M, Markus J, Letasiova S, Kronek J. Cytotoxicity and Bioimmunological Activity of Poly(2-Isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) Conjugates with Ibuprofen Using 3D Reconstructed Tissue Models. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3288-3301. [PMID: 38805352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) (PIPOx) represents a universal polymer platform with pendant 2-oxazoline groups, allowing the preparation of biomaterials for various biomedical applications. However, there is a lack of information on PIPOx concerning the effect of molar mass (Mn) on cytotoxicity and bioimmunological properties. Here, aqueous copper(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Cu0-RDPR) was used for the preparation of PIPOx with defined Mn and low dispersity. PIPOx of different Mn are used for the synthesis of conjugates with ibuprofen (5 mol %), the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The release of ibuprofen at 37 °C and different pH values is monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography, where the rate of drug release increases with increasing pH and lower Mn. In vitro cytotoxicity and bioimmunological properties of PIPOx and drug conjugates are studied using 3D reconstructed tissue models of the human epidermis and intestinal epithelium. We demonstrate low cytotoxicity of PIPOx and conjugates with different Mn values on both 3D tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kroneková
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Majerčíková
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ema Paulovičová
- Department of Glycomaterials, Immunology & Cell Culture Laboratories, Center for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alžbeta Minarčíková
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Danko
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Markus
- MatTek In Vitro Life Science Laboratories, Mlynske Nivy 73, 821 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Letasiova
- MatTek In Vitro Life Science Laboratories, Mlynske Nivy 73, 821 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kronek
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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Jerca FA, Muntean C, Remaut K, Jerca VV, Raemdonck K, Hoogenboom R. Cationic amino-acid functionalized polymethacrylamide vectors for siRNA transfection based on modification of poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline). J Control Release 2023; 364:687-699. [PMID: 37935258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPOx) is a functional polymer showing great potential for the development of smart biomaterials. The straightforward synthesis and post-polymerization functionalization of PiPOx offers many opportunities for tailoring the properties of the polymer towards biomaterials. In this study we report for the first time PiPOx-based cationic charged polymethacrylamides with amino acid side chains that can complex siRNA and promote transfection in vitro. Therefore, PiPOx was fully modified via ring opening addition reactions with the carboxylic acid groups of a series of N-Boc-L-amino acids and their reaction kinetics were investigated. Based on the determined kinetic constants, another series of PiPOx-based copolymers with balanced hydrophilic/hydrophobic content of N-Boc-L-amino acids were obtained via one-pot modification reaction with two different N-Boc-L-amino acids. The N-Boc protected homopolymers and related copolymers were deprotected to obtain (co)polymers with the targeted side chain cationic charged units. The (co)polymers' structures were fully investigated via FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and TGA-DSC-MS analysis. The polarimetry measurements revealed that the homopolymers retain their chiroptical properties after post-modification, and a sign inversion is noticed from (L) N-Boc-protected analogues to (D) for the TFA cationic charged homopolymers. Generally, cationically charged homopolymers with hydrophilic amino acids on the side chain showed efficient complexation of siRNA, but poor transfection while cationic copolymers having both tryptophan and valine or proline side chains revealed moderate siRNA binding, high transfection efficiency (> 90% of the cells) and potent gene silencing with IC50 values down to 5.5 nM. Particularly, these cationic copolymers showed higher gene silencing potency as compared to the commercial JetPRIME® reference, without reducing cell viability in the concentration range used for transfection, making this a very interesting system for in vitro siRNA transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florica Adriana Jerca
- Smart Organic Materials Group, "Costin D. Nenitzescu" Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202B Spl. Independentei CP 35-108, 060023 Bucharest, Romania; Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Cristina Muntean
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Valentin Victor Jerca
- Smart Organic Materials Group, "Costin D. Nenitzescu" Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202B Spl. Independentei CP 35-108, 060023 Bucharest, Romania; Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Kopka B, Kost B, Pawlak A, Tomaszewska A, Krupa A, Basko M. Covalent segmented polymer networks composed of poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) and selected aliphatic polyesters: designing biocompatible amphiphilic materials containing degradable blocks. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6987-6999. [PMID: 37667566 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00948c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
To promote facile and efficient synthesis of segmented covalent networks, we developed a cross-linking process with reactive polymeric components in a system without catalysts or side products. To achieve the direct formation of amphiphilic networks, an addition reaction was performed between the polyesters containing carboxyl terminal groups with pendant groups distributed along poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) chains. Covalent cross-linking was achieved from predetermined amounts of components dissolved in DMSO at 140 °C. To tune the properties of the resulting networks, the composition and length of the polyester segments and the degree of cross-linking were changed in the feed. The chemical structure of the networks was characterized using Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy and 13C magic-angle spinning NMR. The swelling ability of the formed networks was investigated in aqueous and organic media. Moreover, mechanical properties were tested during uniaxial compression. The cytocompatibility of the scaffolds was confirmed by MTT assay. Through the results obtained, the first report describing the cross-linking of polyesters on hydrophilic PiPOx was provided to prepare new, biocompatible materials with tuneable properties that are promising for potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kopka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Kost
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Pawlak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agata Tomaszewska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krupa
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Basko
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
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Poly(2-oxazoline)-derived star-shaped polymers as potential materials for biomedical applications: A review. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Fortenberry A, Mohammad SA, Werfel TA, Smith AE. Comparative Investigation of the Hydrolysis of Charge-Shifting Polymers Derived from an Azlactone-Based Polymer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200420. [PMID: 35820157 PMCID: PMC9780167 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (PVDMA) has received much attention as a "reactive platform" to prepare charge-shifting polycations via post-polymerization modification with tertiary amines that possess primary amine or hydroxyl reactive handles. Upon hydrolysis of the resulting amide or ester linkages, the polymers can undergo a gradual transition in net charge from cationic to anionic. Herein, a systematic investigation of the hydrolysis rate of PVDMA-derived charge-shifting polymers is described. PVDMA is modified with tertiary amines bearing either primary amine, hydroxyl, or thiol reactive handles. The resulting polymers possess tertiary amine side chains connected to the backbone via amide, ester, or thioester linkages. The hydrolysis rates of each PVDMA derivative are monitored at 25 and 50 °C at pH values of 5.5, 7.5, and 8.5, respectively. While the hydrolysis rate of the amide-functionalized PVDMA is negligible over the period investigated, the hydrolysis rates of the ester- and thioester-functionalized PVDMA increase with increasing temperature and pH. Interestingly, the hydrolysis rate of the thioester-functionalized PVDMA appears to be more rapid than the ester-functionalized PVDMA at all pH values and temperatures investigated. It is believed that these results can be utilized to inform the future preparation of PVDMA-based charge-shifting polymers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fortenberry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Sk Arif Mohammad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Thomas A. Werfel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Adam E. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
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8
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Kopka B, Kost B, Basko M. Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) as a reactive polymer for materials development. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00660j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) has attracted growing interest as a reactive polymer that can be used as a starting material for the construction of more complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kopka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Kost
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Basko
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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9
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Jerca FA, Jerca VV, Hoogenboom R. In Vitro Assessment of the Hydrolytic Stability of Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline). Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:5020-5032. [PMID: 34753285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPOx) is emerging as a promising, versatile polymer platform to design functional materials and particularly biomaterials that rely on the hydrophilic character of the 2-oxazoline side units. To be able to assess the applicability of PiPOx in a biomedical context, it is essential to understand its stability and degradation behavior in physiological conditions. In the present work, the hydrolytic stability of PiPOx was systematically investigated as a function of pH during incubation in various buffers. PiPOx was found to be stable in deionized water (pH 6.9), to have good stability in basic conditions (pH 8 and 9), to be satisfactorily stable in neutral conditions (pH 7.4), and to have moderate to low stability in acidic conditions (decreases drastically from pH 6 to pH 1.2). At pH 4, PiPOx formed a crosslinked network in a timeframe of hours, while at pH 1.2, PiPOx was transformed to a water-soluble poly(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)methacrylamide) type of structure over the course of 2 weeks. In vitro stability assays were performed in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4), simulated body fluid (SBF) (pH 7.4), simulated saliva (pH 6.4), simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8), and plasma (pH 7.4) revealing that PiPOx is stable in these SBFs up to 1 week of incubation. When incubated in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2), PiPOx exhibited a similar degradation behavior to that observed in the buffer at pH 1.2, rendering a water-soluble structure. The presented results on the stability of PiPOx will be important for future use of PiPOx for the development of drug-delivery systems and biomedical applications, such as hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florica Adriana Jerca
- Centre of Organic Chemistry "Costin D. Nenitzescu", Romanian Academy, 202B Spl. Independentei CP 35-108, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentin Victor Jerca
- Centre of Organic Chemistry "Costin D. Nenitzescu", Romanian Academy, 202B Spl. Independentei CP 35-108, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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10
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Kopka B, Kost B, Rajkowska K, Pawlak A, Kunicka-Styczyńska A, Biela T, Basko M. A simple strategy for efficient preparation of networks based on poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline), poly(ethylene oxide), and selected biologically active compounds: Novel hydrogels with antibacterial properties. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10683-10695. [PMID: 34783330 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01066b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel polymer networks composed of biocompatible, hydrophilic poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPOx), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and selected biologically active compounds (cinnamic acid, benzoic acid or eugenol) were developed for potential antimicrobial applications. The applied crosslinking method, based on the addition reaction between oxazoline pendant groups and chosen reagents containing carboxyl functions, is relatively facile, free from by-products, and thus well suited for biomaterial preparation. The one-step synthesis enabled efficient network formation with high gel contents (>90%). The chemical structure of the newly synthesized networks was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared-attenuated Total Reflection spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and 13C Magic-Angle Spinning (MAS) NMR. To evaluate the suitability for biomedical applications, swelling in water and the mechanical properties of the networks were investigated. The antimicrobial efficacy of the prepared hydrogels was tested in neutral medium both by the agar diffusion method and in the liquid culture against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloaceae. All the tested hydrogels showed an antimicrobial effect in the direct contact zone. Moreover, the eugenol loaded hydrogel expressed a broader bacteriostatic effect inhibiting microorganism growth beyond the contact zone. These form-stable hydrogels with antibacterial properties may be of interest for designing materials dedicated to biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kopka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Kost
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Rajkowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Alina Kunicka-Styczyńska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Biela
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Basko
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
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11
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Mukherjee U, Venkatnathan A. Invoking chemical principles to predict the anions of dihydrooxazole family as prospective carbon capture moieties. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Mazrad ZAI, Schelle B, Nicolazzo JA, Leiske MN, Kempe K. Nitrile-Functionalized Poly(2-oxazoline)s as a Versatile Platform for the Development of Polymer Therapeutics. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4618-4632. [PMID: 34647734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, polymers bearing reactive groups have received significant interest for biomedical applications. Numerous functional polymer platforms have been introduced, which allow for the preparation of materials with tailored properties via post-polymerization modifications. However, because of their reactivity, many functional groups are not compatible with the initial polymerization. The nitrile group is a highly interesting and relatively inert functionality that has mainly received attention in radical polymerizations. In this Article, a nitrile-functionalized 2-oxazoline monomer (2-(4-nitrile-butyl)-2-oxazoline, BuNiOx) is introduced, and its compatibility with the cationic ring-opening polymerization is demonstrated. Subsequently, the versatility of nitrile-functionalized poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx) is presented. To this end, diverse (co)polymers are synthesized and characterized by nuclear resonance spectroscopy, size-exclusion chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Amphiphilic block copolymers are shown to efficiently encapsulate the hydrophobic drug curcumin (CUR) in aqueous solution, and the anti-inflammatory effect of the CUR-containing nanostructures is presented in BV-2 microglia. Furthermore, the availability of the BuNiOx repeating units for post-polymerization modifications with hydroxylamine to yield amidoxime (AO)-functionalized POx is demonstrated. These AO-containing POx were successfully applied for the complexation of Fe(III) in a quantitative manner. In addition, AO-functionalized POx were shown to release nitric oxide intracellularly in BV-2 microglia. Thus nitrile-functionalized POx represent a promising and robust platform for the design of polymer therapeutics for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihnil A I Mazrad
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Baptiste Schelle
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Joseph A Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Meike N Leiske
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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13
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Paulovičová E, Kroneková Z, Paulovičová L, Majerčíková M, Kronek J. Cell-Mediated Immunoreactivity of Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) as Promising Formulation for Immunomodulation. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14061371. [PMID: 33809040 PMCID: PMC7999147 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) (PIPOx) represents a functional polymer with high potential for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and immunomodulation. The immunomodulatory efficiency of the PIPOx formulation has been studied in vitro following splenic cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages exposition. The cell-specific immunomodulative effect on production of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg signature cytokines has been demonstrated. The impact on the functionality of PIPOx-sensitized RAW 264.7 macrophages was assessed by cell phagocytosis. Time- and concentration-dependent cell internalization and intracellular organelles colocalization of fluorescently labeled PIPOx has been examined. The in vitro results demonstrated the PIPOx bioavailability and the capability of triggering immune cell responses resulting in the induced production of cell-specific signature interleukins, important prerequisite properties for future potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Paulovičová
- Immunol & Cell Culture Laboratories, Department Immunochemistry of Glycoconjugates, Center of Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (E.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Zuzana Kroneková
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Lucia Paulovičová
- Immunol & Cell Culture Laboratories, Department Immunochemistry of Glycoconjugates, Center of Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (E.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Monika Majerčíková
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Juraj Kronek
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.K.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-3229-4366
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