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Hu Z, Yang S. Endohedral metallofullerene molecular nanomagnets. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2863-2897. [PMID: 38324027 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic lanthanide (Ln) metal complexes exhibiting magnetic bistability can behave as molecular nanomagnets, also known as single-molecule magnets (SMMs), suitable for storing magnetic information at the molecular level, thus attracting extensive interest in the quest for high-density information storage and quantum information technologies. Upon encapsulating Ln ion(s) into fullerene cages, endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) have been proven as a promising and versatile platform to realize chemically robust SMMs, in which the magnetic properties are able to be readily tailored by altering the configurations of the encapsulated species and the host cages. In this review, we present critical discussions on the molecular structures and magnetic characterizations of EMF-SMMs, with the focus on their peculiar molecular and electronic structures and on the intriguing molecular magnetism arising from such structural uniqueness. In this context, different families of magnetic EMFs are summarized, including mononuclear EMF-SMMs wherein single-ion anisotropy is decisive, dinuclear clusterfullerenes whose magnetism is governed by intramolecular magnetic interaction, and radical-bridged dimetallic EMFs with high-spin ground states that arise from the strong ferromagnetic coupling. We then discuss how molecular assemblies of SMMs can be constructed, in a way that the original SMM behavior is either retained or altered in a controlled manner, thanks to the chemical robustness of EMFs. Finally, on the basis of understanding the structure-magnetic property correlation, we propose design strategies for high-performance EMF-SMMs by engineering ligand fields, electronic structures, magnetic interactions, and molecular vibrations that can couple to the spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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2
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Orlova A, Varley MS, Bernbeck MG, Kirkpatrick KM, Bunting PC, Gembicky M, Rinehart JD. Molecular Network Approach to Anisotropic Ising Lattices: Parsing Magnetization Dynamics in Er 3+ Systems with 0-3-Dimensional Spin Interactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22265-22275. [PMID: 37774116 PMCID: PMC10571078 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a wide-ranging interrogation of the border between single-molecule and solid-state magnetism through a study of erbium-based Ising-type magnetic compounds with a fixed magnetic unit, using three different charge-balancing cations as the means to modulate the crystal packing environment. Properties rooted in the isolated spin Hamiltonian remain fixed, yet careful observation of the dynamics reveals the breakdown of this approximation in a number of interesting ways. First, differences in crystal packing lead to a striking 3 orders of magnitude suppression in magnetic relaxation rates, indicating a rich interplay between intermolecular interactions governed by the anisotropic Ising lattice stabilization and localized slow magnetic relaxation driven by the spin-forbidden nature of quantum tunneling of the f-electron-based magnetization. By means of diverse and rigorous physical methods, including temperature-dependent X-ray crystallography, field, temperature, and time-dependent magnetometry, and the application of a new magnetization fitting technique to quantify the magnetic susceptibility peakshape, we are able to construct a more nuanced view of the role nonzero-dimensional interactions can play in what are predominantly considered zero-dimensional magnetic materials. Specifically, we use low field susceptibility and virgin-curve analysis to isolate metamagnetic spin-flip transitions in each system with a field strength corresponding to the expected strength of the internal dipole-dipole lattice. This behavior is vital to a complete interpretation of the dynamics and is likely common for systems with such high anisotropy. This collective interactivity opens a new realm of possibility for molecular magnetic materials, where their unprecedented localized anisotropy is the determining factor in building higher dimensionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica
P. Orlova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Maxwell S. Varley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Maximilian G. Bernbeck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kyle M. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Philip C. Bunting
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Milan Gembicky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Rinehart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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3
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Duchamp JC, Dorn HC, Wysocki AL, Park K, Olmstead MM, Roy M, Balch AL. Tb 2O@ C2(13333)-C 74: A Non-Isolated Pentagon Endohedral Fullerene Containing a Nearly Linear Tb-O-Tb Unit. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5114-5122. [PMID: 36939159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Terbium has been added to the list of elements that form oxide clusters inside fullerene cages. Tb2O@C2(13333)-C74 has been isolated as a byproduct of the electric arc synthesis of the azafullerene Tb2@C79N. Cocrystallization of Tb2O@C2(13333)-C74 with Ni(OEP) (where OEP is the dianion of octaethylporphyrin) in toluene yielded black needles of Tb2O@C2(13333)-C74·NiII(OEP)·1.5C7H8 that have been examined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The resulting structure shows that a nearly linear Tb-O-Tb unit is contained in a C2(13333)-C74, which has two sites where pentagons share an edge to form pentalene units at opposite ends of the fullerene. Unlike the usual situations where metal atoms in fullerenes that do not obey the isolated pentagon rule are situated within the folds of the pentalene units, the Tb atoms in Tb2O@C2(13333)-C74 are positioned to the side of the pentalene units and near-neighboring hexagons. The magnetic properties of Tb2O@C2(13333)-C74 have been examined starting from the experimental geometry, using ab-initio multiconfigurational methods. The computations predict that Tb2O@C2(13333)-C74 will show strong axiality, which would make it a single-molecule magnet with a large magnetic anisotropy barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Duchamp
- Department of Chemistry, Emory and Henry College, Emory, Virginia 24327, United States
| | - Harry C Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Aleksander L Wysocki
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Kyungwha Park
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Marilyn M Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Mrittika Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alan L Balch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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4
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Wu SN, Wu CL, Cho HY, Chiang CW. Effective Perturbations by Small-Molecule Modulators on Voltage-Dependent Hysteresis of Transmembrane Ionic Currents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169453. [PMID: 36012718 PMCID: PMC9408818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-linear voltage-dependent hysteresis (Hys(V)) of voltage-gated ionic currents can be robustly activated by the isosceles-triangular ramp voltage (Vramp) through digital-to-analog conversion. Perturbations on this Hys(V) behavior play a role in regulating membrane excitability in different excitable cells. A variety of small molecules may influence the strength of Hys(V) in different types of ionic currents elicited by long-lasting triangular Vramp. Pirfenidone, an anti-fibrotic drug, decreased the magnitude of Ih's Hys(V) activated by triangular Vramp, while dexmedetomidine, an agonist of α2-adrenoceptors, effectively suppressed Ih as well as diminished the Hys(V) strength of Ih. Oxaliplatin, a platinum-based anti-neoplastic drug, was noted to enhance the Ih's Hys(V) strength, which is thought to be linked to the occurrence of neuropathic pain, while honokiol, a hydroxylated biphenyl compound, decreased Ih's Hys(V). Cell exposure to lutein, a xanthophyll carotenoid, resulted in a reduction of Ih's Hys(V) magnitude. Moreover, with cell exposure to UCL-2077, SM-102, isoplumbagin, or plumbagin, the Hys(V) strength of erg-mediated K+ current activated by triangular Vramp was effectively diminished, whereas the presence of either remdesivir or QO-58 respectively decreased or increased Hys(V) magnitude of M-type K+ current. Zingerone, a methoxyphenol, was found to attenuate Hys(V) (with low- and high-threshold loops) of L-type Ca2+ current induced by long-lasting triangular Vramp. The Hys(V) properties of persistent Na+ current (INa(P)) evoked by triangular Vramp were characterized by a figure-of-eight (i.e., ∞) configuration with two distinct loops (i.e., low- and high-threshold loops). The presence of either tefluthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, or t-butyl hydroperoxide, an oxidant, enhanced the Hys(V) strength of INa(P). However, further addition of dapagliflozin can reverse their augmenting effects in the Hys(V) magnitude of the current. Furthermore, the addition of esaxerenone, mirogabalin, or dapagliflozin was effective in inhibiting the strength of INa(P). Taken together, the observed perturbations by these small-molecule modulators on Hys(V) strength in different types of ionic currents evoked during triangular Vramp are expected to influence the functional activities (e.g., electrical behaviors) of different excitable cells in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5334); Fax: +886-6-2362780
| | - Chao-Liang Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 60002, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yen Cho
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wu Chiang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Velkos G, Yang W, Yao YR, Sudarkova SM, Liu F, Avdoshenko SM, Chen N, Popov AA. Metallofullerene single-molecule magnet Dy 2O@ C2v(5)-C 80 with a strong antiferromagnetic Dy⋯Dy coupling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7164-7167. [PMID: 35670245 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dysprosium-oxide clusterfullerene Dy2O@C2v(5)-C80 is a single-molecule magnet featuring antiferromagnetic superexchange Dy⋯Dy coupling via the μ2-O2- bridge, the strongest of its kind among {Dy2} complexes with non-radical bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Wei Yang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany. .,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Svetlana M Sudarkova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany. .,Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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Zhu Z, Tang J. Metal–metal bond in lanthanide single-molecule magnets. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9469-9481. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00516f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent critical advances in lanthanide SMMs, highlighting the influences of metal–metal bonds on the magnetization dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinkui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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7
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Yang W, Velkos G, Sudarkova S, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Liu F, Popov AA, Chen N. Carbon cage isomers and magnetic Dy⋯Dy interactions in Dy 2O@C 88 and Dy 2C 2@C 88 metallofullerenes. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01796b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Isomers of Dy2O@C88 and Dy2C2@C88 show a strong variation in the type and strength of Dy⋯Dy superexchange interactions and magnetization relaxation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Svetlana Sudarkova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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Yu S, Zhang Q, Zhu J, Wei F, Liu D, Hu H, Zou H, Liang Y, Liang F, Chen Z. Two tetranuclear Cu
2
Ln
2
(Ln = Dy, Tb) heterometallic complexes: Structure, solution behavior, and magnetic properties. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shui Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University Guilin China
| | - Qin‐Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
| | - Jingru Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University Guilin China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Fengli Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University Guilin China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University Guilin China
| | - Huancheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University Guilin China
| | - Hua‐Hong Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University Guilin China
| | - Yuning Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University Guilin China
| | - Fupei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University Guilin China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Zilu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University Guilin China
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