1
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Feng Z, Wu L, Zhou CY, Wang C. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis for Polycyclic Benzazepines Assembly: Regioselective Intramolecular Tandem Radical Cyclization. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39392687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
A variety of polycyclic benzazepines were rapidly constructed by NHC-catalyzed regioselective redox-neutral intramolecular tandem cyclization. Initial mechanistic studies revealed that a SET radical process was possibly involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Feng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Lili Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
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2
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Nishikata T. α-Halocarbonyls as a Valuable Functionalized Tertiary Alkyl Source. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202400108. [PMID: 38989712 DOI: 10.1002/open.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review introduces the synthetic organic chemical value of α-bromocarbonyl compounds with tertiary carbons. This α-bromocarbonyl compound with a tertiary carbon has been used primarily only as a radical initiator in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions. However, with the recent development of photo-radical reactions (around 2010), research on the use of α-bromocarbonyl compounds as tertiary alkyl radical precursors became popular (around 2012). As more examples were reported, α-bromocarbonyl compounds were studied not only as radicals but also for their applications in organometallic and ionic reactions. That is, α-bromocarbonyl compounds act as nucleophiles as well as electrophiles. The carbonyl group of α-bromocarbonyl compounds is also attractive because it allows the skeleton to be converted after the reaction, and it is being applied to total synthesis. In our survey until 2022, α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used to perform a full range of reactions necessary for organic synthesis, including multi-component reactions, cross-coupling, substitution, cyclization, rearrangement, stereospecific reactions, asymmetric reactions. α-Bromocarbonyl compounds have created a new trend in tertiary alkylation, which until then had limited reaction patterns in organic synthesis. This review focuses on how α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used in synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishikata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
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3
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Yin D, Lu L, Jiang Y, Dou Y, Fu MC, Zhu Y, Fan S. 1,2-Amidoarylcarbonylation of Styrenes to Access β-Acylamino Ketones by NHC-Catalyzed Radical Relay. J Org Chem 2024; 89:13085-13092. [PMID: 39197017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
An amidoarylcarbonylation reaction of aromatic aldehydes and olefins with Katritzky pyridinium salts by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed radical relay to construct C-C and C-N bonds with good functional group tolerance is developed for the synthesis of β-acylamino ketones. This gentle and efficient approach offers a valuable style for the synthesis of β-acylamino ketones. Mechanistic studies revealed that a radical addition/coupling/elimination cascade process was involved in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyu Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Lishuai Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yandong Dou
- Anhui Heryi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Ming-Chen Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yanwu Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shilu Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei 230009, China
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4
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Zhang Q, Liu T, Wu L, Zhou CY, Wang C. Defunctionalization Enabled by Intramolecular Radical Aromatic Ipso Substitution. Org Lett 2024; 26:7744-7750. [PMID: 39235307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
A chemoselective and regioselective copper-promoted defunctionalization procedure has been developed, enabling the rapid construction of various N-polyheterocycles. Initial mechanistic studies reveal that a single-electron transfer radical process is potentially involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Tinglan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Lili Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
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5
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Qiu Y, Wu Z, Ou X, Zhao Q, Lei H, Wang C. Construction of Functionalized Oxindoles by Quinone-Carbonate Synergistically Triggered Intermolecular Radical Coupling. J Org Chem 2024; 89:12753-12761. [PMID: 39189527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
We disclose a rapid and nontoxic procedure to construct various oxindoles. This method harnesses the power of a catalytic amount of quinone in synergy with Cs2CO3, showcasing remarkable compatibility with a wide range of functional groups. Mechanistic investigations reveal that it operates via a radical pathway, likely initiated by the single-electron transfer from quinone-Cs2CO3 complexes. This pivotal electron transfer event leads to the generation of a crucial alkyl radical intermediate, contributing to the overall success and efficacy of the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Zecheng Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Xingyun Ou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Qiuting Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Hao Lei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
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6
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Jin ML, Dong YX, Gao ZH, Ye S. Phosphonylacylation of Alkenes Enabled by Visible-Light-Induced N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:1711-1717. [PMID: 38377588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the phosphonylacylation of alkenes via visible-light-induced N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis to afford a series of γ-ketophosphonates in moderate to good yields. This protocol features mild conditions, free of photocatalyst, and good compatibility of functional groups. The excited Breslow enolate intermediate was proposed to undergo single-electron transfer with oxime phosphonate to generate the corresponding ketyl radical and phosphonyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lei Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Xiong Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Abdellaoui M, Oppel K, Vianna A, Soleilhavoup M, Yan X, Melaimi M, Bertrand G. 1 H-1,2,3-Triazol-5-ylidenes as Catalytic Organic Single-Electron Reductants. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2933-2938. [PMID: 38253007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Most of the known single-electron reductants are either metal based reagents, used in a stoichiometric amount, or a combination of an organic species and a photocatalyst. Here we report that 1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidenes act not only as stoichiometric one-electron donors but also as catalytic organic reducing agents, without the need of a photocatalyst. As a proof of concept, we studied the reduction of quinones, which are well-known electron conveyors that are involved in various biological and industrial processes. This work also provides experimental evidence for the formation of a bis(triazolium)carbonate adduct, which acts as the resting state of the catalytic cycle and as the carbene reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Abdellaoui
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Kai Oppel
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Adam Vianna
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Michele Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing,100872, China
| | - Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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8
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Delfau L, Assani N, Nichilo S, Pecaut J, Philouze C, Broggi J, Martin D, Tomás-Mendivil E. On the Redox Properties of the Dimers of Thiazol-2-ylidenes That Are Relevant for Radical Catalysis. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2023; 3:136-142. [PMID: 37303499 PMCID: PMC10251502 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the isolation and study of dimers stemming from popular thiazol-2-ylidene organocatalysts. The model featuring 2,6-di(isopropyl)phenyl (Dipp) N-substituents was found to be a stronger reducing agent (Eox = -0.8 V vs SCE) than bis(thiazol-2-ylidenes) previously studied in the literature. In addition, a remarkable potential gap between the first and second oxidation of the dimer also allows for the isolation of the corresponding air-persistent radical cation. The latter is an unexpected efficient promoter of the radical transformation of α-bromoamides into oxindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadhrata Assani
- Aix
Marseille Univ., CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire - UMR 7273,
Faculté de Pharmacie, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | - Jacques Pecaut
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES, UMR 5819 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Julie Broggi
- Aix
Marseille Univ., CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire - UMR 7273,
Faculté de Pharmacie, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - David Martin
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France
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9
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Shaw R, Sihag N, Jain S, Sharma R, Yadav MR. Photoinduced Alkyl/Aryl Radical Cascade for the Synthesis of Quaternary CF 3-Containing Oxindoles and Indoline Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2023; 88:5652-5660. [PMID: 37068047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal- and additive-free, photoinduced decarboxylative radical alkylation-cyclization of CF3-acrylamides with alkyl redox-active esters provided the corresponding quaternary CF3-oxindole derivatives in good yields. Notably, diaryliodonium salts also efficiently participated in the arylation-cyclization of CF3-acrylamides in environmentally benign H2O as a solvent. The present approach has been extended for the concise synthesis of CF3-attached indoline alkaloid analogues, i.e., CF3-(±)-desoxyeseroline, CF3-(±)-esermethole, and CF3-(±) progesterone receptor antagonists. The preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction is likely to proceed through initial photoexcitation of redox-active ester/diaryliodonium salts followed by the SET process with acrylamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjay Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Naveen Sihag
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Swati Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - M Ramu Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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10
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Zhang Q, Yue P, Lei H, Zhou CY, Wang C. Metal- and light-free approach to polyheterocycles via a quinone-Cs2CO3 couple promoted regioselective cascade radical cyclization. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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11
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Song H, Lee E. Revisiting the Reaction of IPr with Tritylium: An Alternative Mechanistic Pathway. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203364. [PMID: 36445754 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite a recent proposal on the mechanism of a single-electron transfer (SET) process between tritylium and 2,6-bis(diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr) based on evidence of transient IPr radical cation intermediate ([IPr]⋅+ ) formation, such oxidation is still contentious because of the high oxidation potential of N-heterocyclic carbenes. Our experimental analysis indicates that the appearance of deep purple color, previously considered to be from transient [IPr]⋅+ , originates from a zwitterionic intermediate (3 a), not a radical cation. Here, we propose an alternative mechanism for the reaction involving tritylium and IPr. This mechanism is noteworthy for explaining how [NHC-H]+ can be generated without the formation of transient [NHC]⋅+ , which has been frequently proposed as an intermediate for the reaction between NHC and oxidants. These results also show that a transient strong single-electron donor (3 a) could be generated by the alternative mechanism for oxidants using NHCs, which is a more feasible explanation for the reactivity of NHCs with oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Song
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.,Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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12
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Majhi J, Granados A, Matsuo B, Ciccone V, Dhungana RK, Sharique M, Molander GA. Practical, scalable, and transition metal-free visible light-induced heteroarylation route to substituted oxindoles. Chem Sci 2023; 14:897-902. [PMID: 36755706 PMCID: PMC9890556 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05918e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthetic application of (hetero)aryl radicals in organic synthesis has been known since the last century. However, their applicability has significantly suffered from ineffective generation protocols. Herein, we present a visible-light-induced transition metal-free (hetero)aryl radical generation from readily available (hetero)aryl halides for the synthesis of 3,3'-disubstituted oxindoles. This transformation is amenable to a wide range of (hetero)aryl halides as well as several easily accessible acrylamides, and it is also scalable to multigram synthesis. Finally, the versatility of the oxindole products is demonstrated through their conversion to a variety of useful intermediates applicable to target-directed synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadab Majhi
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Albert Granados
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Bianca Matsuo
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Vittorio Ciccone
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Roshan K Dhungana
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Mohammed Sharique
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
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13
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Liu D, Zhao Y, Patureau FW. NaI/PPh 3-catalyzed visible-light-mediated decarboxylative radical cascade cyclization of N-arylacrylamides for the efficient synthesis of quaternary oxindoles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:57-65. [PMID: 36741816 PMCID: PMC9874234 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A practical NaI/PPh3-catalyzed decarboxylative radical cascade cyclization of N-arylacrylamides with redox-active esters is described, which is mediated by visible light irradiation. A wide range of substrates bearing different substituents and derived from ubiquitous carboxylic acids, including α-amino acids, were synthesized and examined under this very mild, efficient, and cost effective transition-metal-free synthetic method. These afforded various functionalized oxindoles featuring a C3 quaternary stereogenic center. Mechanistic experiments suggest a radical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frederic W Patureau
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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14
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Dolai R, Kumar R, Elvers BJ, Pal PK, Joseph B, Sikari R, Nayak MK, Maiti A, Singh T, Chrysochos N, Jayaraman A, Krummenacher I, Mondal J, Priyakumar UD, Braunschweig H, Yildiz CB, Schulzke C, Jana A. Carbodicarbenes and Striking Redox Transitions of their Conjugate Acids: Influence of NHC versus CAAC as Donor Substituents. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202888. [PMID: 36129127 PMCID: PMC10100033 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a new type of carbodicarbene (CDC) comprising two different classes of carbenes is reported; NHC and CAAC as donor substituents and compare the molecular structure and coordination to Au(I)Cl to those of NHC-only and CAAC-only analogues. The conjugate acids of these three CDCs exhibit notable redox properties. Their reactions with [NO][SbF6 ] were investigated. The reduction of the conjugate acid of CAAC-only based CDC with KC8 results in the formation of hydrogen abstracted/eliminated products, which proceed through a neutral radical intermediate, detected by EPR spectroscopy. In contrast, the reduction of conjugate acids of NHC-only and NHC/CAAC based CDCs led to intermolecular reductive (reversible) carbon-carbon sigma bond formation. The resulting relatively elongated carbon-carbon sigma bonds were found to be readily oxidized. They were, thus, demonstrated to be potent reducing agents, underlining their potential utility as organic electron donors and n-dopants in organic semiconductor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramapada Dolai
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Benedict J. Elvers
- Institut für BiochemieUniversität GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Pradeep Kumar Pal
- International Institute of Information Technology GachibowliHyderabad500032India
| | - Benson Joseph
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Rina Sikari
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Nayak
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Avijit Maiti
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Tejender Singh
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Arumugam Jayaraman
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jagannath Mondal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
| | - U. Deva Priyakumar
- International Institute of Information Technology GachibowliHyderabad500032India
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Cem B. Yildiz
- Department of Aromatic and Medicinal PlantsAksaray UniversityAksaray68100Turkey
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für BiochemieUniversität GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
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15
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Li Q, Zhou CY, Wang C. Metal-Free Generation of γ-Cyanoalkyl Radicals by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis: Assembly of 6-Cyanoalkyl Phenanthridines. Org Lett 2022; 24:9243-9247. [PMID: 36516358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A number of γ-cyanoalkyl radicals were generated by sustainable N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis in tin-, transition-meal-, and light-free conditions, followed by insertion into biaryl isonitriles, thus leading to the rapid assembly of a variety of diversely functionalized 6-cyanoalkyl phenanthridines. A preliminary mechanism study revealed that a single-electron transfer radical process was possibly involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrong Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong511443, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong511443, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong511443, People's Republic of China
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16
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Li Q, Zhou CY, Wang C. Divergent Construction of Heterocycles by SOMOphilic Isocyanide Insertion under N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:7654-7658. [PMID: 36218283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A variety of phenanthridines are rapidly constructed by an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed SOMOphilic isocyanide insertion-initiated homolytic aromatic substitution-type radical cyclization in the absence of any light, transition metals, and external oxidants. The aldehyde-free, scalable, and operationally simple protocol tolerates diverse functionalized biaryl isonitriles and activated α-halides. Moreover, it can be further applied to the divergent construction of other N-heterocycles. Preliminary mechanistic studies disclose that an NHC-derived radical cation intermediate is possibly involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
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17
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Lv H, Xu X, Li J, Huang X, Fang G, Zheng L. Mechanochemical Divergent Syntheses of Oxindoles and α‐Arylacylamides via Controllable Construction of C−C and C−N Bonds by Copper and Piezoelectric Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206420. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honggui Lv
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou 325001 China
- Oujiang Laboratory of ZheJiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine Vision and Brain Health Wenzhou 325001 China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou 325001 China
- Wenzhou University College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Jing Li
- Wenzhou University College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Wenzhou University College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Guoyong Fang
- Wenzhou University College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Lifei Zheng
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou 325001 China
- Oujiang Laboratory of ZheJiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine Vision and Brain Health Wenzhou 325001 China
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18
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Liu L, Zhang Q, Wang C. Redox-Neutral Generation of Iminyl Radicals by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis: Rapid Access to Phenanthridines from Vinyl Azides. Org Lett 2022; 24:5913-5917. [PMID: 35925779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed oxidant-, metal- and light-free iminyl radical generation pathway stemming from the reaction of vinyl azide and α-bromo ester is uncovered. This newly developed methodology is successfully applied to the redox-neutral construction of a number of diversified phenanthridine derivatives with nice functional group compatibility. Insights from the mechanism study reveal that this NHC-catalyzed transformation potentially proceeds through an alkyl radical addition-initiated HAS process, with the iminyl radical as an active intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong511443, China
| | - Qijing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong511443, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong511443, China
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19
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Li R, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Tan Z, Xu D. Iodine‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Indolin‐2‐ones with Indoles: Synthesis of 3,3‐Disubstituted Oxindole Compounds. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo‐Pu Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zheng‐Lin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yun‐Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhi‐Yu Tan
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Da‐Zhen Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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20
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Das A, Elvers BJ, Nayak MK, Chrysochos N, Anga S, Kumar A, Rao DK, Narayanan TN, Schulzke C, Yildiz CB, Jana A. Realizing 1,1-Dehydration of Secondary Alcohols to Carbenes: Pyrrolidin-2-ols as a Source of Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202637. [PMID: 35362643 PMCID: PMC9400972 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report secondary pyrrolidin-2-ols as a source of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAAC) for the synthesis of CAAC-CuI -complexes and cyclic thiones when reacted with CuI -salts and elemental sulfur, respectively, under reductive elimination of water from the carbon(IV)-center. This result demonstrates a convenient and facile access to CAAC-based CuI -salts, which are well known catalysts for different organic transformations. It further establishes secondary alcohols to be a viable source of carbenes-realizing after 185 years Dumas' dream who tried to prepare the parent carbene (CH2 ) by 1,1-dehydration of methanol. Addressed is also the reactivity of water towards CAACs, which proceeds through an oxidative addition of the O-H bond to the carbon(II)-center. This emphasizes the ability of carbon-compounds to mimic the reactivity of transition-metal complexes: reversible oxidative addition and reductive elimination of the O-H bond to/from the C(II)/C(IV)-centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Das
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, GopanpallyHyderabad 500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Benedict J. Elvers
- Institut für BiochemieUniversität GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Straße 417489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Nayak
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, GopanpallyHyderabad 500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, GopanpallyHyderabad 500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Srinivas Anga
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, GopanpallyHyderabad 500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Amar Kumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, GopanpallyHyderabad 500046TelanganaIndia
| | - D. Krishna Rao
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, GopanpallyHyderabad 500046TelanganaIndia
| | | | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für BiochemieUniversität GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Straße 417489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Cem B. Yildiz
- Department of Aromatic and Medicinal PlantsAksaray UniversityAksaray68100Turkey
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, GopanpallyHyderabad 500046TelanganaIndia
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21
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Zhang Q, Lei H, Zhou CY, Wang C. Construction of N-Polyheterocycles by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis via a Regioselective Intramolecular Radical Addition/Cyclization Cascade. Org Lett 2022; 24:4615-4619. [PMID: 35731003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
N-Polyheterocycles are rapidly accessed by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis through regioselective sequential radical addition/cyclization in the absence of any metals or oxidants. The transformation occurs under mild conditions and enjoys a wide substrate scope with excellent functional group compatibility. Furthermore, a gram-scale synthesis is also conducted. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal the potential involvement of an NHC radical cation intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Hao Lei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
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22
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Lv H, Xu X, Li J, Huang X, Fang G, Zheng L. Mechanochemical Divergent Syntheses of Oxindoles and α‐Arylacylamides via Controllable Construction of C‐C and C‐N Bonds by Copper and Piezoelectric Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honggui Lv
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute CHINA
| | - Xinyue Xu
- Wenzhou University College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering CHINA
| | - Jing Li
- Wenzhou University College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Wenzhou University College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering CHINA
| | | | - Lifei Zheng
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute Wenzhou Institute No. 1, Jinlian Road, Longwan District 325001 Wenzhou CHINA
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23
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Maiti A, Elvers BJ, Bera S, Lindl F, Krummenacher I, Ghosh P, Braunschweig H, Yildiz CB, Schulzke C, Jana A. Disclosing Cyclic(Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes as One-Electron Reductants: Synthesis of Acyclic(Amino)(Aryl)Carbene-Based Kekulé Diradicaloids. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104567. [PMID: 35262232 PMCID: PMC9321839 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs) to be one-electron reductants under the formation of a transient radical cation as indicated by EPR spectroscopy. The disclosed CAAC reducing reactivity was used to synthesize acyclic(amino)(aryl)carbene-based Thiele and Chichibabin hydrocarbons, a new class of Kekulé diradicaloids. The results demonstrate CAACs to be potent organic reductants. Notably, the acyclic(amino)(aryl)carbene-based Chichibabin's hydrocarbon shows an appreciable population of the triplet state at room temperature, as evidenced by both variable-temperature NMR and EPR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Maiti
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046, TelanganaIndia
| | - Benedict J. Elvers
- Institut für BiochemieUniversität GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Straße 417489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Sachinath Bera
- Department of ChemistryRamakrishna Mission Residential College NarendrapurKolkata700103India
- Shahid Matangini Hazra Govt General Degree College for Women TamlukPurba Medinipur721649India
| | - Felix Lindl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Prasanta Ghosh
- Department of ChemistryRamakrishna Mission Residential College NarendrapurKolkata700103India
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Cem B. Yildiz
- Department of Aromatic and Medicinal PlantsAksaray UniversityAksaray68100Turkey
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für BiochemieUniversität GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Straße 417489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046, TelanganaIndia
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24
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Shen H, Du Y, Kan J, Su W. Synthesis of 3-substituted 2-oxindoles from secondary α-bromo-propionanilides via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3589-3597. [PMID: 35420109 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00480a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to aromatic halides, coupling reactions involving oxidative addition of alkyl halides, especially secondary or tertiary halides, to transition metals tend to be more challenging. Herein a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of α-bromo-propionanilides has been developed, delivering a series of 3-substituted 2-oxindoles in high yields. The method features easy to prepare starting materials, broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. A detailed mechanistic investigation has been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yu Du
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Jian Kan
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Su
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China.,Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
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25
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Liu L, Zhou CY, Wang C. Construction of highly congested quaternary carbon centers by NHC catalysis through dearomatization. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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26
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Das A, Elvers BJ, Nayak MK, Chrysochos N, Anga S, Kumar A, Rao DK, Narayanan TN, Schulzke C, Yildiz CB, Jana A. Realizing the 1,1‐Dehydration of Secondary Alcohols to Carbenes: Pyrrolidin‐2‐ols as a Source of Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Das
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Chemistry INDIA
| | | | | | | | - Srinivas Anga
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Chemistry INDIA
| | - Amar Kumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Chemistry INDIA
| | - D. Krishna Rao
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Chemistry INDIA
| | | | | | - Cem B. Yildiz
- Aksaray Universitesi Aromatic and Medicinal Plants TURKEY
| | - Anukul Jana
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences Chemical Science 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi 500075 Hyderabad INDIA
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27
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Liu YQ, Li QZ, Kou XX, Zeng R, Qi T, Zhang X, Peng C, Han B, Li JL. Radical Acylalkylation of 1,3-Enynes To Access Allenic Ketones via N-Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5229-5241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Zhu Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Kou
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Ting Qi
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
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28
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Abstract
Inspired by the role of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) in natural enzymatic processes, chemists have harnessed the umpolung (polarity reversal) reactivity of these reactive, Lewis basic species over the past few decades to construct key chemical bonds. While NHCs continue to play a role in two-electron transformations, their unique redox properties enable a variety of useful, stabilized radical species to be accessed via single-electron oxidation or reduction. As a result, their utility in synthesis has grown rapidly concurrent with the revival of radical chemistry, highlighted by their extensive use as reactive single-electron species in recent years.
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29
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Chen M, Xu XX, Wang X, Ren ZH, Guan ZH. endo-5-Norbornene-2,3-dimethanol-promoted asymmetric Heck/Suzuki cascade reaction of N-(2-bromophenyl)acrylamides. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00998f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An endo-5-norbornene-2,3-dimethanol-promoted highly enantioselective palladium-catalyzed Heck/Suzuki cascade reaction of N-(2-bromophenyl)acrylamides has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Xing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P.R. China
| | - Xucai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Hui Guan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P.R. China
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30
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Wu X, Zhao F, Ji X, Huang H. Visible Light-Assisted Photocatalyst-Free Tandem Sulfonylation/ Cyclization for the Synthesis of Oxindoles. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202208036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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31
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Sun Z, Huang H, Wang Q, Huang C, Mao G, Deng GJ. Visible light-mediated radical-cascade addition/cyclization of arylacrylamides with aldehydes to form quaternary oxindoles at room temperature. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The visible light-induced oxidative radical cascade coupling of N-arylacrylamides with aldehydes using bromide as the hydrogen atom transfer agent to synthesize functional oxindoles is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Qiaolin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Chunyan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guojiang Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
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32
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Wu S, Zhao Q, Wu C, Wang C, Lei H. Transition-metal-free oxindole synthesis: quinone-K 2CO 3 catalyzed intramolecular radical cyclization. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel and highly efficient transition-metal-free approach for the conversion of α-bromoanilides to 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles is described. This transformation is promoted by catalytic amount of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PQ) together with K2CO3,...
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33
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Su L, Xue P, Zhu X, Sun H, Liu J, Wang C. Transition-Metal- and Light-Free Generation of an Iminyl Radical: Facile Approach to Oxindoles and Isoquinolinediones with a Quaternary Carbon Center via Cyanoalkylarylation. J Org Chem 2021; 87:874-883. [PMID: 34902974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an efficient and non-toxic method for the environmental-friendly generation of an iminyl radical from cyclobutanone oxime ester via direct thermolysis in the absence of light, transition metals, "tin", and other activators. This redox-neutral cyanoalkylarylation protocol enjoys a wide substrate scope and a good functional group tolerance, providing facile access to oxindoles and isoquinolinediones with a quaternary carbon center that are difficult to prepare by traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjun Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pan Xue
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Huan Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jikai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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Teng F, Du J, Xun C, Zhu M, Lu Z, Jiang H, Chen Y, Li Y, Gui QW. Photoinduced efficient synthesis of cyanoalkylsulfonylated oxindoles via sulfur dioxide insertion. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8929-8933. [PMID: 34636391 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01466h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted radical cascade reaction of N-arylacrylamide and cyclobutanone oxime esters with sulfur dioxide insertion is established. Mainly through the exploration of the visible light wavelength, it is found that the light source has a certain influence on the formation of cyanoalkylsulfonylated oxindoles, furnishing a range of sulfones in good to excellent yields. This protocol presents good functional group compatibility and does not require transition metals, photosensitizers, external bases, or oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Teng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Juan Du
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,International Joint Research Centre for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Changping Xun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Mengxue Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Ziqin Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yuling Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yu Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Qing-Wen Gui
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Liu L, Xue P, Chen Q, Wang C. Copper-Catalyzed Heck-Type Couplings of Sulfonyl Chlorides with Olefins: Efficient and Rapid Access to Vinyl Sulfones. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Organocatalysts are abundantly used for various transformations, particularly to obtain highly enantio- and diastereomeric pure products by controlling the stereochemistry. These applications of organocatalysts have been the topic of several reviews. Organocatalysts have emerged as one of the very essential areas of research due to their mild reaction conditions, cost-effective nature, non-toxicity, and environmentally benign approach that obviates the need for transition metal catalysts and other toxic reagents. Various types of organocatalysts including amine catalysts, Brønsted acids, and Lewis bases such as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts, cinchona alkaloids, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and hydrogen bond-donating catalysts, have gained renewed interest because of their regioselectivity. In this review, we present recent advances in regiodivergent reactions that are governed by organocatalysts. Additionally, we briefly discuss the reaction pathways of achieving regiodivergent products by changes in conditions such as solvents, additives, or the temperature.
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Su L, Sun H, Liu J, Wang C. Construction of Quaternary Carbon Center via NHC Catalysis Initiated by an Intermolecular Heck-Type Alkyl Radical Addition. Org Lett 2021; 23:4662-4666. [PMID: 34080869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A quaternary carbon center containing an oxindole motif is constructed via NHC-catalyzed transition-metal and aldehyde-free intermolecular Heck-type alkyl radical addition initiated annulation. This redox-neutral protocol also features a simple procedure, broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance and could be smoothly amplified to a gram scale. The mechanism study shows that the reaction possibly undergoes two folds of SET processes with an NHC radical cation intermediate involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjun Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huan Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jikai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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Zhang Q, Li Q, Wang C. Dual C–H activation: Rh(iii)-catalyzed cascade π-extended annulation of 2-arylindole with benzoquinone. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13030-13033. [PMID: 35423833 PMCID: PMC8697334 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01779a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A rhodium-catalyzed, N–H free indole directed cyclization reaction of benzoquinone via a dual C–H activation strategy is disclosed. This protocol has a good functional group tolerance and affords useful indole-fused heterocylces. Besides, it is insensitive to moisture, commercially available solvent can be directly used and work quite well for this transformation. A Rh-catalyzed cascade annulation of N–H free 2-arylindole with benzoquinone via dual C–H activation strategy was reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Qianrong Li
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
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