1
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Teli B, Wani MM, Jan S, Bhat HR, Bhat BA. Micelle-mediated synthesis of quinoxaline, 1,4-benzoxazine and 1,4-benzothiazine scaffolds from styrenes. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39086328 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00928b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
A range of heterocycles based on quinoxalines, 1,4-benzoxazines and 1,4-benzothiazines have been accessed from styrenes by reacting them with benzene-1,2-diamine, 2-aminophenol and 2-aminothiophenol respectively in micellar medium. This reaction occurring in a less explored cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) micellar medium operates in the presence of NBS through a tandem hydrobromination-oxidation cascade, converting styrenes to phenacyl bromides. Its subsequent nucleophilic addition with aromatic 1,2-dinucleophiles and further transformations led to the formation of heterocyclic constructs. The locus of the reaction site was confirmed through NMR studies and the types of interactions between the CPB and solubilizates were established by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisma Teli
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar-190005, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Mohmad Muzafar Wani
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar-190005, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Shafia Jan
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar-190005, India.
| | - Haamid Rasool Bhat
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar-190005, India.
| | - Bilal A Bhat
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar-190005, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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2
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Li H, Cheng W, Wang C. Annulation of 2-Aroyl D-A Cyclopropanes via Selectively Ring-Opening Process with o-Benzenediamines to Access Quinoxaline Derivatives. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10333-10337. [PMID: 38953243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
An annulation reaction of 2-aroyl D-A cyclopropanes with o-benzenediamines via selective cleavage of C-C bonds of cyclopropane in the presence of DBU/Sc(OTf)3 reaction systems was developed for the direct preparation of 2-aryl-3-benzylquinoxalines. This synthetic approach tolerated a wide range of readily available aroyl-substituted D-A cyclopropanes with diverse functional groups and had operationally simple and mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University,180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhe Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University,180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University,180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
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3
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Modak SV, Pert D, Tami JL, Shen W, Abdullahi I, Huan X, McNeil AJ, Goldsmith BR, Kwabi DG. Substituent Impact on Quinoxaline Performance and Degradation in Redox Flow Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5173-5185. [PMID: 38358388 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) are attractive candidates for low-cost, grid-scale storage of energy from renewable sources. Quinoxaline derivatives represent a promising but underexplored class of charge-storing materials on account of poor chemical stability in prior studies (with capacity fade rates >20%/day). Here, we establish that 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline-6-carboxylic acid (DMeQUIC) is vulnerable to tautomerization in its reduced form under alkaline conditions. We obtain kinetic rate constants for tautomerization by applying Bayesian inference to ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic data from operating flow cells and show that these rate constants quantitatively account for capacity fade measured in cycled cells. We use density functional theory (DFT) modeling to identify structural and chemical predictors of tautomerization resistance and demonstrate that they qualitatively explain stability trends for several commercially available and synthesized derivatives. Among these, quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid shows a dramatic increase in stability over DMeQUIC and does not exhibit capacity fade in mixed symmetric cell cycling. The molecular design principles identified in this work set the stage for further development of quinoxalines in practical, aqueous organic RFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanat Vibhas Modak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Daniel Pert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jessica L Tami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Wanggang Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ibrahim Abdullahi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xun Huan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Anne J McNeil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bryan R Goldsmith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - David G Kwabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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4
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Farghaly TA, Alqurashi RM, Masaret GS, Abdulwahab HG. Recent Methods for the Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives and their Biological Activities. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:920-982. [PMID: 37885112 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575264375231012115026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Quinoxaline derivatives have been incorporated into numerous marketed drugs used for the treatment of various diseases. Examples include glecaprevir (Mavyret), voxilaprevir (Vosevi), Balversa (L01EX16) (erdafitinib), carbadox, XK469R (NSC698215), and becampanel (AMP397). These quinoxaline derivatives exhibit a diverse range of pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antitubercular, antiviral, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anticancer, antiproliferative, antitumor, kinase inhibition, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and analgesic effects. Recognizing the significance of these bioactive quinoxaline derivatives, researchers have dedicated their efforts to developing various synthetic methods for their production. This review aimed to compile the most recent findings on the synthesis and biological properties of quinoxaline derivatives from 2015 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoraya A Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad M Alqurashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada S Masaret
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Gaber Abdulwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Abid Z, Ali L, Gulzar S, Wahad F, Ashraf RS, Nielsen CB. Quinoxaline derivatives as attractive electron-transporting materials. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1694-1712. [PMID: 38025084 PMCID: PMC10644009 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in electron transport materials derived from quinoxaline, along with their applications in various electronic devices. We focus on their utilization in organic solar cells (OSCs), dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic-light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and other organic electronic technologies. Notably, the potential of quinoxaline derivatives as non-fullerene acceptors in OSCs, auxiliary acceptors and bridging materials in DSSCs, and n-type semiconductors in transistor devices is discussed in detail. Additionally, their significance as thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters and chromophores for OLEDs, sensors and electrochromic devices is explored. The review emphasizes the remarkable characteristics and versatility of quinoxaline derivatives in electron transport applications. Furthermore, ongoing research efforts aimed at enhancing their performance and addressing key challenges in various applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Abid
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sughra Gulzar
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Wahad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Raja Shahid Ashraf
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Christian B Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Firuz ME, Rajai-Daryasarei S, Rominger F, Biglari A, Balalaie S. Mn-Mediated Direct Regioselective C-H Trifluoromethylation of Imidazopyridines and Quinoxalines. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37471701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
A simple and highly efficient strategy has been developed for direct C-H trifluoromethylation at C-3 of imidazopyridines and C-8 of quinoxalines with readily available Langlois reagent through KMnO4/AcOH system. This protocol showed broad substrate scope and afforded moderate-to-excellent yields of both products. It is the first report that the functionalization of quinoxalines occurred regioselectively at the C-8 position of quinoxalines. Mechanistic studies revealed that reaction proceeded via radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Esi Firuz
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran 19697-64499, Iran
| | - Saideh Rajai-Daryasarei
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran 19697-64499, Iran
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 271, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Abbas Biglari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Prof. Sobouti Boulevard, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran 19697-64499, Iran
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7
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Rani P, Prakash M, Samanta S. Organobase-catalyzed Mannich reaction of cyclic N-sulfonyl imines and 1,2-diketones: a sustainable approach to 4-(3-arylquinoxalin-2-ylmethyl)sufamidates. Tetrahedron Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2023.154490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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8
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Chang MY, Lin CY. One-pot synthesis of sulfonyl dibenzosuberdiones via In(OTf) 3-promoted double Friedel-Crafts reactions of oxygenated arylacetic acids with β-arylvinyl sulfones. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2405-2416. [PMID: 36857673 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Under open-vessel atmosphere conditions, a one-pot easy-to-operate method for the construction of diverse sulfonyl dibenzosuberdiones is developed via In(OTf)3-promoted tandem double Friedel-Crafts reactions of oxygenated arylacetic acids with β-arylvinyl sulfones. A plausible mechanism is proposed and discussed in detail. This protocol allows for highly effective sequential intermolecular Michael addition, intramolecular ring-closure and α-benzylic oxidation via the formation of two carbon-carbon single (C-C) bonds and one carbon-oxygen double (CO) bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yang Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,NPUST College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Lin
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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9
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De S, Chowdhury C. Substrate-Controlled Product Divergence in Iron(III)-Catalyzed Reactions of Propargylic Alcohols: Easy Access to Spiro-indenyl 1,4-Benzoxazines and 2-(2,2-Diarylvinyl)quinoxalines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203993. [PMID: 36651187 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We report herein unprecedented cascade reactions of O-propargyl-N-tosyl-amino phenols with 10 mol% FeCl3 in DCE at room temperature for 0.67-3 h to form spiro-indenyl 1,4-benzoxazines with 38-89 % yield. Replacing the substrates' oxygen atom by a N-tosylimine group followed by treatment with the same catalyst and solvent at 80 °C produced 2-(2,2-diarylvinyl)quinoxalines in 12-20 h with up to 62 % yield. Mechanistic understanding provided an insight into the transformations. The use of simple substrates and an environmentally benign low-cost catalyst, broad substrate scope and tolerance of diverse functional groups makes the methodology inherently attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya De
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Chinmay Chowdhury
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
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10
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Khandelia T, Ghosh S, Patel BK. Dearomative bis-functionalization of quinoxalines and bis- N-arylation of (benz)imidazoles via Cu(II)-mediated addition of boronic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2118-2121. [PMID: 36723297 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06399a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A Cu(OTf)2-mediated regioselective dearomative aryl-hydroxylation across the C(sp2)N bond of 2-aryl quinoxalines and bis-N-arylation of (benz)imidazoles were developed using aryl boronic acids. For the dearomative aryl-hydroxylation, the C-center should be electrophilic (ca. 0.08), the N-center nucleophilic (ca. -0.50), and the C(sp2)N bond polarized (Δe = 0.609).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Khandelia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.
| | - Subhendu Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.
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11
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Borah B, Patat M, Singh V, Sivaprakash M, Prasad MS, Chowhan LR. Visible-light-induced organophotocatalytic and singlet oxygen-initiated domino construction of 1,4-dihydropyridines, C-3 functionalized spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyridines] and C-11 functionalized spiro[indeno-[1,2- b]quinoxaline-11,4'-pyridines]. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1518-1530. [PMID: 36695344 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient pot, atom, and step economical method for the construction of pharmacologically potent structurally functionalized 1,4-dihydropyridines, quaternary centered C-3 functionalized spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyridines], and C-11 functionalized spiro[indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-11,4'-pyridines] via rose bengal photoredox catalysis under blue LED irradiation in an aqueous medium at room temperature has been developed. The products were isolated in excellent yields within a short reaction time for a variety of functional groups under transition metal- and ligand-free energy-efficient conditions in a green solvent system with high reaction mass efficiency and process mass intensity, which are the key advantages of the current work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplob Borah
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India.
| | - Mihir Patat
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India.
| | - Vipin Singh
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India.
| | - Murugesan Sivaprakash
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Tiruvarur-610 005, India
| | - Madavi S Prasad
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Tiruvarur-610 005, India
| | - L Raju Chowhan
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India.
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12
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Zasada A, Brześkiewicz J, Antoniak D, Bechcicka M, Loska R, Mąkosza M. Synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives via aromatic nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:994-999. [PMID: 36515404 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02016e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The electrophilic nature of quinoxaline has been explored in the vicarious nucleophilic substitution (VNS) of hydrogen with various carbanions as nucleophiles in an attempt to develop a general method for functionalizing the heterocyclic ring. Only poorly stabilized nitrile carbanions were found to give the VNS products. 2-Chloroquinoxaline gave products of SNAr of chlorine preferentially. A variety of quinoxaline derivatives containing cyanoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl, benzyl or ester substituents, including fluorinated ones, have been prepared in the VNS reactions with quinoxaline N-oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zasada
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland. .,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Brześkiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Damian Antoniak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland. .,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bechcicka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Rafał Loska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mieczysław Mąkosza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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13
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Klein J, Jung N, Bräse S. Controlled, Stepwise Syntheses of Oligomers with Modified Quinoxaline Backbones. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Klein
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Nicole Jung
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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14
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Quinoxaline-specific enantioselective sulfa-michael reaction catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acid. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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15
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Lu MZ, Goh J, Maraswami M, Jia Z, Tian JS, Loh TP. Recent Advances in Alkenyl sp 2 C-H and C-F Bond Functionalizations: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17479-17646. [PMID: 36240299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkenes and their derivatives are featured widely in a variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and advanced materials. Significant efforts have been made toward the development of new and practical methods to access this important class of compounds by selectively activating the alkenyl C(sp2)-H bonds in recent years. In this comprehensive review, we describe the state-of-the-art strategies for the direct functionalization of alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bonds until June 2022. Moreover, metal-free, photoredox, and electrochemical strategies are also covered. For clarity, this review has been divided into two parts; the first part focuses on currently available alkenyl sp2 C-H functionalization methods using different alkene derivatives as the starting materials, and the second part describes the alkenyl sp2 C-F bond functionalization using easily accessible gem-difluoroalkenes as the starting material. This review includes the scope, limitations, mechanistic studies, stereoselective control (using directing groups as well as metal-migration strategies), and their applications to complex molecule synthesis where appropriate. Overall, this comprehensive review aims to document the considerable advancements, current status, and emerging work by critically summarizing the contributions of researchers working in this fascinating area and is expected to stimulate novel, innovative, and broadly applicable strategies for alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bond functionalizations in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Lu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Goh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Manikantha Maraswami
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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16
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Fıstıkçı M, Eşsiz S. Revisiting the pyrolysis of 1,5‐diaryl‐1,2,5‐triazapentadienes: A computational reaction mechanism study. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Fıstıkçı
- Hakkari University Vocational School of Health Services Department of Medical Services and Techniques Hakkari 30000 Turkey
| | - Selçuk Eşsiz
- Hakkari University Vocational School of Health Services Department of Medical Services and Techniques Hakkari 30000 Turkey
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17
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Luo J, Wan J, Wu L, Yang L, Wang T. tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide Promoted the Reaction of Quinazoline-3-oxides with Primary Amines Affording Quinazolin-4(3 H)-ones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9864-9874. [PMID: 35834782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and facile approach for the synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones via the reaction of quinazoline-3-oxides with primary amines is described. This approach is demonstrated to be applicable for a broad range of substrates and proceeds efficiently under metal-free and mild reaction conditions employing easily available tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant. Remarkably, 3-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one 3w, which was conveniently obtained by this process in 70% yield, was an excellent precursor for the synthesis of bioactive evodiamine and rutaempine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Luo
- Analytical and Testing Center, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Juelin Wan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Lianlian Wu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Yang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
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Dabhi RA, Dhaduk MP, Bhatt VD, Bhatt BS. Synthetic approach toward spiro quinoxaline-β-lactam based heterocyclic compounds: Spectral characterization, SAR, pharmacokinetic and biomolecular interaction studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35699269 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2086176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Series of spiro quinoxaline-β-lactam based heterocyclic compounds (QL 1 - QL 21) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques like 1H-NMR, LC-MS, FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The binding mode and binding strength between compounds and calf thymus-DNA were estimated by UV-visible spectroscopy, viscosity measurement and molecular docking studies. The compounds bind with the DNA through partial intercalation mode. In the absorption titration experiment, the Kb values for all the synthesized compounds were found in the range of 0.24-0.64 × 105 M-1. The protein binding studies of all the synthesized compounds were evaluated by absorption titration experiment, and the Kb value for all the compounds was obtained in the range of 0.030-1.571 × 104 M-1. The compounds were screened against two Gram (+ve) and three Gram (-ve) bacteria for antimicrobial activity. The MIC values for all the synthesized compounds were found in 95-255 µM. The LC50 values (cytotoxicity) of the synthesized compounds (QL 1-QL 21) were found in the range of 4.00-12.89 µg/mL. The ADME study was carried out using the online platform SwissADME and admetSAR to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of all the synthesized compounds. All the compounds were screened for anticancer activity against the human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cell line. The result shows that all the compounds exhibit effective anticancer activity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi A Dabhi
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Milan P Dhaduk
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vaibhav D Bhatt
- School of Applied Sciences and Technology, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhupesh S Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
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Unterlass MM, Amaya-García F. Synthesis of 2,3-Diarylquinoxaline Carboxylic Acids in High-Temperature Water. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAromatic carboxylic acids are prone to decarboxylate in high-temperature water (HTW). While the decarboxylation kinetics of several aromatic carboxylic acids have been explored, studies on their compatibility with organic syntheses in HTW are scarce. Herein, we report the hydrothermal synthesis (HTS) of 2,3-diarylquinoxaline carboxylic acids from 1,2-diarylketones and 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid. A detailed study of the reaction parameters was performed to identify reaction conditions towards minimal decarboxylation. Thirteen 2,3-diarylquinoxaline-6-carboxylic acids are obtained at temperatures between 150–230 °C within 5–30 minutes. The reported conditions feature comparable performance to those of classic syntheses, avoiding volatile organic solvents, strong acids and toxic catalysts. Decarboxylated quinoxalines arise as side products in variable amounts via direct decarboxylation of the 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid. To completely inhibit the decarboxylation, we show that suitable structural analogues of 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid can act as starting compounds. Thus, ester hydrolysis of methyl 3,4-diaminobenzoate and deprotection of di-Boc-protected 3,4-diminobenzoic can be coupled with the HTS of quinoxaline towards quinoxaline carboxylic acids, while fully avoiding decarboxylated side products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M. Unterlass
- Universität Konstanz, Department of Chemistry, Solid State Chemistry
- CeMM - Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
| | - Fabián Amaya-García
- Universität Konstanz, Department of Chemistry, Solid State Chemistry
- CeMM - Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
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21
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Direct C‐2 arylation of quinoxaline with arylhydrazine salts as arylation reagents. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Guo Q, Chen J, Shen G, Lu G, Yang X, Tang Y, Zhu Y, Wu S, Fan B. Tetrabutylammonium Bromide-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Quinoxaline with HBpin as a Hydrogen Source. J Org Chem 2021; 87:540-546. [PMID: 34905381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free environmentally benign, simple, and efficient transfer hydrogenation process of quinoxaline has been developed using the HBpin reagent as a hydrogen source. This reaction is compatible with a variety of quinoxalines offering the desired tetrahydroquinoxalines in moderate-to-excellent yields with Bu4NBr as a noncorrosive and low-cost catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Yunnan Minzu University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jingchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Yunnan Minzu University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Kunming 650500, China.,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 600091, China
| | - Guoli Shen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Yunnan Minzu University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guangfu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Yunnan Minzu University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuemei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Yunnan Minzu University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Yunnan Minzu University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuanbin Zhu
- Yunnan Tiefeng High Tech Mining Chemicals Co. Ltd., Qingfeng Industrial Park, Lufeng 651200, Yunnan, China
| | - Shiyuan Wu
- Yunnan Tiefeng High Tech Mining Chemicals Co. Ltd., Qingfeng Industrial Park, Lufeng 651200, Yunnan, China
| | - Baomin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Yunnan Minzu University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Kunming 650500, China
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Suzuki Y, Takehara R, Miura K, Ito R, Suzuki N. Regioselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Quinoxalines Mediated by Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16892-16900. [PMID: 34797078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A facile and regioselective synthesis of quinoxalines, an important motif in medicinal chemistry and materials sciences, was developed. Despite their prospective utility, the regioselective preparation of trisubstituted quinoxalines has not been previously established. In the reported system, hypervalent iodine reagents catalyzed the annulation between α-iminoethanones and o-phenylenediamines in a chemo/regioselective manner to afford trisubstituted quinoxalines. Excellent regioselectivities (6:1 to 1:0) were achieved using [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene and [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]pentafluorobenzene as annulation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Suzuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ren Takehara
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kasumi Miura
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Ito
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Suzuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan
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Yogananda Chary D, Aashritha K, Sridhar B, Subba Reddy BV. Rh(III)-catalyzed ortho-C–H bond functionalization of 2-arylquinoxalines with vinyl arenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Borah B, Chowhan LR. Recent advances in the transition-metal-free synthesis of quinoxalines. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37325-37353. [PMID: 35496411 PMCID: PMC9043781 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06942j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoxalines, also known as benzo[a]pyrazines, constitute an important class of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds as a result of their widespread prevalence in natural products, biologically active synthetic drug candidates, and optoelectronic materials. Owing to their importance and chemists' ever-increasing imagination of new transformations of these products, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to finding more efficient approaches toward the synthesis of quinoxaline rings. The last decades have witnessed a marvellous outburst in modifying organic synthetic methods to create them sustainable for the betterment of our environment. The exploitation of transition-metal-free catalysis in organic synthesis leads to a new frontier to access biologically active heterocycles and provides an alternative method from the perspective of green and sustainable chemistry. Despite notable developments achieved in transition-metal catalyzed synthesis, the high cost involved in the preparation of the catalyst, toxicity, and difficulty in removing it from the final products constitute disadvantageous effects on the atom economy and eco-friendly nature of the transformation. In this review article, we have summarized the recent progress achieved in the synthesis of quinoxalines under transition-metal-free conditions and cover the reports from 2015 to date. This aspect is presented alongside the mechanistic rationalization and limitations of the reaction methodologies. The scopes of future developments are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplob Borah
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar-382030 India
| | - L Raju Chowhan
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar-382030 India
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