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Attwa MW, Abdelhameed AS, Kadi AA. An Ultra-Fast Green UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Assessing the In Vitro Metabolic Stability of Dovitinib: In Silico Study for Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, Metabolic Lability, and DEREK Alerts. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1626. [PMID: 39459413 PMCID: PMC11509458 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Dovitinib (DVB) is a pan-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that can be administered orally. In September 2023, the FDA granted Oncoheroes approval to proceed with an Investigational New Drug (IND) application for dovitinib. This application is intended for the treatment of relapsed or advanced juvenile solid tumors, namely, osteosarcoma. Materials and Methods: The target of the present study was to develop a rapid, green, accurate, and sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method for measuring DVB levels in human liver microsomes (HLMs). The validations of the HLMs were performed via the established UHPLC-MS/MS approach, as stated in the US FDA reported guidelines for the standards of bioanalytical method validation protocol. The StarDrop in silico software package (version 6.6), which involves the DEREK and WhichP450 in silico modules, was used to check the DVB structure for hazardous alerts and metabolic instability. The DVB and encorafenib (EFB), internal standard, and chromatographic peaks were successfully separated using a reversed phase column (an Eclipse Plus Agilent C8 column) and an isocratic mobile phase. The production of DVB parent ions was accomplished by utilizing the positive ionization mode of an ESI source. The identification and measurement of DVB daughter ions were conducted using the MRM mode. Results: The inter-day accuracy and precision exhibited a spectrum of values in the range of -0.56% to 9.33%, while the intra-day accuracy and precision showcased a range of scores between 0.28% and 7.28%. The DVB calibration curve showed a linear relationship that ranged from 1 to 3000 ng/mL. The usefulness of the currently validated UHPLC-MS/MS method was approved by the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 1 ng/mL. The AGREE findings demonstrate that the UHPLC-MS/MS method had a noteworthy degree of ecological greenness. The in vitro half-life (t1/2) and intrinsic clearance (Clint) of DVB were calculated to be 15.48 min and 52.39 mL/min/kg, respectively, which aligned with the findings from the WhichP450 software (version 6.6). Conclusions: Via the usage of in silico software, it has been observed that making small changes to the structure of the aryl piperazine ring and quinolinone moieties, or replacing these groups in the drug design process, shows potential for enhancing the metabolic safety and stability of newly developed derivatives compared to DVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (A.A.K.)
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Schlam I, Smith DM, Peer C, Sissung T, Schmidt KT, Tan M, Chitalia A, Bishopric NH, Steinberg S, Choo-Wosoba H, Napoli G, Gallagher C, Ashai N, Whitaker K, Mainor C, Tiwari S, Swanson N, Malloy S, Isaacs C, Figg WD, Swain SM. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics of ribociclib in black patients with metastatic breast cancer the LEANORA study. NPJ Breast Cancer 2024; 10:84. [PMID: 39349477 PMCID: PMC11442496 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-024-00692-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Underrepresented populations' participation in clinical trials remains limited, and the potential impact of genomic variants on drug metabolism remains elusive. This study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacogenomics (PGx) of ribociclib in self-identified Black women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2) advanced breast cancer. LEANORA (NCT04657679) was a prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study involving 14 Black women. PK and PGx were evaluated using tandem mass spectrometry and PharmacoScan™ microarray (including CYP3A5*3, *6, and *7). CYP3A5 phenotypes varied among participants: 7 poor metabolizers (PM), 6 intermediate metabolizers (IM), and one normal metabolizer (NM). The area under the curve did not significantly differ between PMs (39,230 h*ng/mL) and IM/NMs (43,546 h*ng/mL; p = 0.38). The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was also similar. We found no association between CYP3A5 genotype and ribociclib exposure. Continued efforts are needed to include diverse populations in clinical trials to ensure equitable treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Schlam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Max Smith
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- MedStar Health, Columbia, MD, USA
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cody Peer
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tristan Sissung
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keith T Schmidt
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ming Tan
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ami Chitalia
- Hematology-Oncology Department, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nanette H Bishopric
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Seth Steinberg
- Office of Collaborative Biostatistics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyoyoung Choo-Wosoba
- Office of Collaborative Biostatistics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giulia Napoli
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Gallagher
- Hematology-Oncology Department, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nadia Ashai
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kristen Whitaker
- Hematology-Oncology Department, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Candace Mainor
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Nicole Swanson
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stacy Malloy
- Hematology-Oncology Department, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Claudine Isaacs
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - William Douglas Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra M Swain
- MedStar Health, Columbia, MD, USA.
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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Swain S, Schlam I, Smith DM, Peer C, Sissung T, Schmidt K, Tan M, Chitalia A, Bishopric N, Steinberg S, Choo-Wosoba H, Napoli G, Gallagher C, Ashai N, Whitaker K, Mainor C, Tiwari S, Swanson N, Malloy S, Isaacs C, Figg W. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics of Ribociclib in Black Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer: The LEANORA study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4656461. [PMID: 39184092 PMCID: PMC11343304 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4656461/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Underrepresented populations' participation in clinical trials remains limited, and the potential impact of genomic variants on drug metabolism remains elusive. This study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacogenomics (PGx) of ribociclib in self-identified Black women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2) advanced breast cancer. LEANORA (NCT04657679) was a prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study involving 14 Black women. PK and PGx were evaluated using tandem mass spectrometry and PharmacoScan™ microarray (including CYP3A5*3 , *6 , and *7 ). CYP3A5 phenotypes varied among participants: 7 poor metabolizers (PM), 6 intermediate metabolizers (IM), and one normal metabolizer (NM). The area-under-the-curve did not significantly differ between PMs (39,230 hr*ng/mL) and IM/NMs (43,546 hr*ng/mL; p = 0.38). The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was also similar. We found no association between CYP3A5 genotype and ribociclib exposure. Continued efforts are needed to include diverse populations in clinical trials to ensure equitable treatment outcomes.
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Sozer Karadagli S, Gursoy P. Liver toxicity with ribociclib in a patient with metastatic hormone receptor positive postmenopausal breast cancer. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2024; 30:404-407. [PMID: 37899576 DOI: 10.1177/10781552231208390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, highly selective reversible CDK4/6 inhibitors have been combined with aromatase inhibitors for their efficacy and ease of application in the treatment of advanced stage of hormone-responsive breast cancers. Oral use of these drugs facilitates patient compliance. However, adverse drug reactions are reported due to these drugs, in the literature. Diverse adverse reactions such as skin reactions, liver toxicity, and vitiligo with ribociclib have been reported. CASE REPORT In this study, we present of liver toxicity due to the use of ribociclib in a case of advanced breast cancer with metastases. It is noteworthy that the patient did not have any other concomitant disease and did not take any other medication. MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME After the 600 mg initial dose of ribociclib, neutropenia occurred at the beginning of the therapy, the dose was reduced to 400 mg, and liver enzymes started to rise in the second month of the therapy. In the fifth month of the intermittent treatment period, liver toxicity was grade 3. DISCUSSION Liver adverse reaction occurred due to ribociclib use in the patient who had no history of any other disease. The Naranjo algorithm score was evaluated as 9. Considering the excretion of ribociclib by sulfation, cysteine conjugation, and glucuronidation, which are phase II reactions, n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) treatment (600 mg/day) was started for the patient. NAC therapy is recommended to reduce elevated liver enzymes in the case. The patient's treatment has been continuing with palbociclib for 5 months. No increase in liver enzymes was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumru Sozer Karadagli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ege University Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pınar Gursoy
- Tulay Aktas Oncology Hospital, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Development and Validation of a Rapid LC-MS/MS Method for Quantifying Alvocidib: In Silico and In Vitro Metabolic Stability Estimation in Human Liver Microsomes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052368. [PMID: 36903615 PMCID: PMC10004750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alvocidib (AVC; flavopiridol) is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor used in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The FDA has approved orphan drug designation to AVC for treating patients with AML. In the current work, the in silico calculation of AVC metabolic lability was done using the P450 metabolism module of the StarDrop software package, that is expressed as a composite site lability (CSL). This was followed by establishing an LC-MS/MS analytical method for AVC estimation in human liver microsomes (HLMs) to assess metabolic stability. AVC and glasdegib (GSB), used as internal standards (IS), were separated utilizing a C18 column (reversed chromatography) with an isocratic mobile phase. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 5.0 ng/mL, revealing the sensitivity of the established LC-MS/MS analytical method that exhibited a linearity in the range 5-500 ng/mL in the HLMs matrix with correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9995). The interday and intraday accuracy and precision of the established LC-MS/MS analytical method were -1.4% to 6.7% and -0.8% to 6.4%, respectively, confirming the reproducibility of the LC-MS/MS analytical method. The calculated metabolic stability parameters were intrinsic clearance (CLint) and in vitro half-life (t1/2) of AVC at 26.9 µL/min/mg and 25.8 min, respectively. The in silico results from the P450 metabolism model matched the results generated from in vitro metabolic incubations; therefore, the in silico software can be used to predict the metabolic stability of the drugs, saving time and resources. AVC exhibits a moderate extraction ratio, indicating reasonable in vivo bioavailability. The established chromatographic methodology was the first LC-MS/MS method designed for AVC estimation in HLMs matrix that was applied for AVC metabolic stability estimation.
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Ye X, Zhang T, Han H. Metabolite Profiling of Swertia cincta Extract in Rats and Pharmacokinetics Study of Three Bioactive Compounds Using UHPLC-MS/MS. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:333-346. [PMID: 36100253 DOI: 10.1055/a-1942-5504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Swertia cincta, a plant of the genus Swertia in Gentianceae, has "heat-clearing" and detoxifying effects that normalize the gallbladder function in the treatment of jaundice. Although numerous studies on Swertia cincta have been performed, the absorption and pharmacokinetic behaviors remain unclear. In this study, the compounds of Swertia cincta in serum, bile, feces, and urine of rats were analyzed using a ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 9 prototype components and 48 metabolites were detected in biological samples. Furthermore, we determined the main components absorbed in the blood of Swertia cincta and established a method for simultaneously determining these components (sweroside, swertiamarin, and gentiopicroside) in positive ionization mode within 6 min. The quantitative method was successfully applied for the multiple-component pharmacokinetic study of Swertia cincta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Han
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Bioanalysis by LC-MS/MS and preclinical pharmacokinetic interaction study of ribociclib and oleanolic acid. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:1051-1065. [PMID: 36148926 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ribociclib (RIBO), approved in 2017 for HR-positive and HER-2-negative metastatic breast cancer treatment is reported to have the potential to induce hepatobiliary toxicity in patients. Oleanolic acid (OLA) has hepatoprotective potential that can be beneficial if coadministered with RIBO. Methodology & results: The primary scope of this study was to develop quantitative bioanalytical methods for RIBO and OLA. Two methods (for +ve electrospray ionization [ESI] and -ve ESI) were developed and validated according to USFDA bioanalytical guidelines. Discussion/conclusion: A single and simple sample preparation method was developed with >75% recovery. The accuracy and precision for RIBO and OLA were within acceptable limits over the calibration range of 5-500 ng/ml. This work reports, for the first time, the drug-drug interaction potential between RIBO and OLA.
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Recent trends in pharmaceutical analysis to foster modern drug discovery by comparative in-silico profiling of drugs and related substances. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ley-Martínez JS, Ortega-Valencia JE, García-Barradas O, Jiménez-Fernández M, Uribe-Lam E, Vencedor-Meraz CI, Oliva-Ramírez J. Active Compounds in Zingiber officinale as Possible Redox Inhibitors of 5-Lipoxygenase Using an In Silico Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6093. [PMID: 35682770 PMCID: PMC9181373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) converts arachidonic acid to lipidic inflammatory mediators such as leukotrienes (LTs). In diseases such as asthma, LTs contribute to a physiopathology that could be reverted by blocking 5-LOX. Natural products with anti-inflammatory potential such as ginger have been used as nutraceuticals since ancient times. 6-Gingerol and 6-shogaol are the most abundant compounds in the ginger rhizome; they possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chemopreventive properties. In the present study, 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol structures were analyzed and compared with two commercial 5-LOX inhibitors (zileuton and atreleuton) and with other inhibitor candidates (3f, NDGA, CP 209, caffeic acid, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE)). The pharmacokinetics and toxicological properties of 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, and the other compounds were evaluated. Targeted molecular coupling was performed to identify the optimal catalytic pocket for 5-LOX inhibition. The results showed that 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol follow all of the recommended pharmacokinetic parameters. These compounds could be inhibitors of 5-LOX because they present specific interactions with the residues involved in molecular inhibition. The current study demonstrated the potential of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol as anti-inflammatory agents that inhibit 5-LOX, as they present a high level of performance in the toxicological analysis and could be catabolized by the cytochrome p450 enzymatic complex; however, 6-gingerol was superior in safety compared to 6-shogaol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Stephanie Ley-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería de Superficies, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Lago de Guadalupe Km. 3.5, Margarita Maza de Juárez, Ciudad López Mateos 52926, Mexico, Mexico;
| | - Jose Erick Ortega-Valencia
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería de Superficies, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Lago de Guadalupe Km. 3.5, Margarita Maza de Juárez, Ciudad López Mateos 52926, Mexico, Mexico;
| | - Oscar García-Barradas
- Instituto de Química Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo s/n, Col. Industrial-Animas, Xalapa Enríquez 91190, Veracruz, Mexico;
| | - Maribel Jiménez-Fernández
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo s/n, Col. Industrial-Animas, Xalapa Enríquez 91190, Veracruz, Mexico;
| | - Esmeralda Uribe-Lam
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, México, Epigmenio González 500, Fraccionamiento San Pablo, Querétaro 76130, Querétaro, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Iván Vencedor-Meraz
- Research and Development Department, Genolife-Información de vida S.A.P.I de C.V., Blvd. Paseo Rio Sonora, Hermosillo 83270, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Jacqueline Oliva-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería de Superficies, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Lago de Guadalupe Km. 3.5, Margarita Maza de Juárez, Ciudad López Mateos 52926, Mexico, Mexico;
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Attwa MW, Abdelhameed AS, Alsaif NA, Kadi AA, AlRabiah H. A validated LC-MS/MS analytical method for the quantification of pemigatinib: metabolic stability evaluation in human liver microsomes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20387-20394. [PMID: 35919584 PMCID: PMC9277622 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02885a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemigatinib (PMB) is a small molecule inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), FGFR2 and FGFR3. On April 17, 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval for PMB for the treatment of adults with previously treated, unresectable metastatic or locally advanced cholangiocarcinoma with a fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusion or other rearrangement. PMB is considered the first targeted treatment for cholangiocarcinoma approved in the US. In this study, in silico prediction of PMB metabolic stability was done using the WhichP450 module of the StarDrop software package. Further, an LC-MS/MS analytical method was developed for PMB quantification in human liver microsomes (HLM) to experimentally assess metabolic stability. PMB and flavopiridol (FVL), used as an internal standard IS, were resolved using an isocratic mobile phase and a C18 stationary phase. The LC-MS/MS method showed linearity in the range of 5 to 500 ng mL−1 in an HLM matrix (R2 = 0.9995). The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 5 ng mL−1, indicating sensitivity. The inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision were within a variability of 10, confirming the reproducibility of the method. The measured in vitro half-life and intrinsic clearance of PMB were 27.29 min and 25.40 μL min−1 mg−1, respectively. PMB showed a moderate extraction ratio suggesting good bioavailability. The developed analytical method is the first LC-MS/MS method specific for PMB quantification with application to metabolic stability assessment. PMB showed a moderate extraction ratio suggesting good bioavailability. The developed analytical method is the first LC-MS/MS method specific for PMB quantification with application to metabolic stability assessment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A. Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Attwa MW, Abdelhameed AS, Kadi AA. LC-MS/MS Estimation of Rociletinib Levels in Human Liver Microsomes: Application to Metabolic Stability Estimation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:3915-3925. [PMID: 34552321 PMCID: PMC8450377 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s321330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rociletinib (CO-1686; RLC) is a new, small molecule that is orally administered to inhibit mutant-selective covalent inhibitor of most epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated forms, including T790M, L858R, and exon 19 deletions, but not exon 20 insertions. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a gene mutation that encodes EGFR is sensitive to approved EGFR inhibitors, but usually resistance develops, which is frequently mediated by T790M EGFR mutation. RLC is an EGFR inhibitor found to be active in preclinical models of EGFR-mutated NSCLC with or without T790M. METHODS In silico drug metabolism prediction of RLC was executed with the aid of the WhichP450 module (StarDrop software package) to verify its metabolic liability. Second, a fast, accurate, and competent LC-MS/MS assay was developed for RLC quantification to determine its metabolic stability. RLC and bosutinib (BOS) (internal standard; IS) were separated using an isocratic elution system with a C18 column (reversed stationary phase). RESULTS The developed LC-MS/MS analytical method showed linearity of 5-500 ng/mL with r2 ≥ 0.9998 in the human liver microsomes (HLMs) matrix. A limit of quantification of 4.6 ng/mL revealed the sensitivity of the analytical method, while the acquired inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision values below 4.63% inferred the method reproducibility. RLC metabolic stability estimation was calculated using intrinsic clearance (20.15 µL/min/mg) and in vitro half-life (34.39 min) values. CONCLUSION RLC exhibited a moderate extraction ratio indicative of good bioavailability. The developed analytical method herein is the first LC-MS/MS assay for RLC metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed W Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan A Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mostafa GAE, Kadi AA, AlMasoud N, Attwa MW, Al-Shakliah NS, AlRabiah H. LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of the anti-cancer agent infigratinib: Application for estimation of metabolic stability in human liver microsomes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1179:122806. [PMID: 34325312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infigratinib (INF) is a novel small molecule, administered orally, which acts as a human fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) inhibitor. FGFRs are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) reported to be upregulated in various tumor cell types. In 1 December 2020, BridgeBio Pharma Inc. announced FDA approval of INF as a New Drug Application, granting it Priority Review for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Thus, the current study aimed to establish a validated LC-MS/MS method to estimate the INF concentration in the HLM matrix. In silico prediction of INF metabolism was done using the StarDrop® WhichP450™ module to verify its metabolic stability. An accurate and efficient LC-MS/MS analytical method was developed for INF metabolic stability evaluation. INF and duvelisib (DVB) (internal standard; IS) were eluted using an isocratic mobile phase with a C18 column as a stationary reversed phase. The established LC-MS/MS method showed a linear range over 5-500 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.9998) in human liver microsomes (HLMs). The sensitivity of the method was confirmed at its limit of quantification (4.71 ng/mL), and reproducibility was indicated by inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision (within 7.3%). The evaluation of INF metabolic stability was assessed, which reflected an intrinsic clearance of 23.6 µL/min/mg and in vitro half-life of 29.4 min. The developed approach in the current study is the first LC-MS/MS method for INF metabolic stability assessment. Application of the developed method in HLM in vitro studies suggests that INF has a moderate extraction ratio, indicating relatively good predicted oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A E Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Micro-analytical Laboratory, Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adnan A Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla AlMasoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed W Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Students' University Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nasser S Al-Shakliah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Al-Shakliah NS, Attwa MW, AlRabiah H, Kadi AA. Identification and characterization of in vitro, in vivo, and reactive metabolites of tandutinib using liquid chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:399-410. [PMID: 33410830 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02106g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tandutinib (TND) is a novel, oral small molecule designed for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by inhibiting type III receptor tyrosine kinases. This study reports the use of in silico, in vivo, and in vitro methods to investigate the metabolism and possible metabolic bioactivation of TND. First, in silico metabolism of TND was assessed using the WhichP450™ module of the StarDrop® software to determine labile sites of metabolism in the TND chemical structure. Second, the XenoSite reactivity model, a web-based metabolism prediction software, was used to determine probable bioactive centers. Based on the in silico outcomes, a list of predicted metabolites and reactive intermediates were prepared. Third, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed. In vitro TND metabolites were generated through incubation of TND with rat liver microsomes (RLMs). Another incubation of TND with RLMs was separately performed in the presence of GSH and KCN to check for the generation of reactive intermediates (soft and hard electrophiles). In vitro phase II metabolism was assessed by incubation of TND with isolated perfused rat hepatocytes. In vivo metabolism was investigated by oral gavage of TND (37 mg kg-1) in Sprague Dawley rats. Five in vitro phase I metabolites, one in vitro phase II and five reactive iminium intermediates (cyano adducts), six in vivo phase I, and one in vivo phase II metabolites of TND were characterized. The in vitro and in vivo metabolic pathways involved were O-dealkylation, α-hydroxylation, α-carbonyl formation, reduction, glucuronide, and sulfate conjugation. No GSH conjugate or its catabolic products were detected either in vitro or in vivo. Two cyclic tertiary rings of TND (piperazine and piperidine) were metabolically bioactivated to generate reactive iminium intermediates forming cyano adducts with KCN. The formed reactive intermediates may be the reason behind TND toxicity. In silico toxicological studies were performed for TND and its related (in vitro and in vivo) metabolites were evaluated using the DEREK software tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser S Al-Shakliah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Sahu AK, Goswami A, Kate AS, Sengupta P. Identification and structural characterization of potential degraded impurities of ribociclib by time of flight -tandem mass spectrometry, and their toxicity prediction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 197:113933. [PMID: 33588298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The US FDA and EMA approved Ribociclib (RIBO) to treat metastatic breast cancers in 2017. Formation of impurities during storage of any drug can significantly contribute to its overall toxicity and therapeutic efficacy, which ultimately leads to a safety concern. Over the period, it has been observed that impurities sometimes cause serious unwanted toxicity, which can even lead to withdrawal of a drug from market. Therefore, complete characterization of potential impurities is extremely important to identify molecular hot spots regarding structural changes. To the best of our knowledge, till date, the potential degraded impurities of RIBO are unknown. No study reported in literature on the structural characterization of the degradation impurities of RIBO. In this study, an ICH recommended comprehensive stress study under hydrolytic, oxidative, photolytic and thermolytic conditions was performed on RIBO. The degradation products were characterized by tandem mass spectrometry utilising time of flight mass analyzer majorly after electrospray ionisation. The atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mode was employed in characterization of the N-oxide degradation products where Meisenheimer rearrangement occurred. A degradation product was synthesized in house and fully characterized with the help of NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, 2D NMR and D2O exchange experiments). The source of formylation for the generation of degradation products was investigated employing different solvent systems. The degradation pathways were delineated by explaining the putative mechanism of degradation in various conditions. The in silico toxicity of the degradation impurities was evaluated with the help of ProTox-II toxicity prediction platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sahu
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashutosh Goswami
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhijeet S Kate
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
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15
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Attwa MW, Abdelhameed AS, Al-Shakliah NS, Kadi AA. LC-MS/MS Estimation of the Anti-Cancer Agent Tandutinib Levels in Human Liver Microsomes: Metabolic Stability Evaluation Assay. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:4439-4449. [PMID: 33122888 PMCID: PMC7591096 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s274118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tandutinib (MLN518 or CT 53518) (TND) is a novel, oral, small-molecule inhibitor of type III receptor tyrosine kinases utilized for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MATERIALS AND METHODS In silico prediction of hepatic drug metabolism for TND was determined using the StarDrop® WhichP450™ module to confirm its metabolic liability. Second, an efficient and accurate LC-MS/MS method was established for TND quantification to evaluate metabolic stability. TND and entrectinib (ENC) (internal standard; IS) were resolved using an isocratic elution system with a reversed stationary phase (C8 column). RESULTS The established LC-MS/MS method exhibited linearity (5-500 ng/mL) with r2 ≥0.9999 in the human liver microsomes matrix. The method sensitivity was indicated by the limit of quantification (3.8 ng/mL), and reproducibility was revealed by inter- and intraday precision and accuracy (below 10.5%). TND metabolic stability estimation was calculated using intrinsic clearance (22.03 µL/min/mg) and in vitro half-life (29.0 min) values. CONCLUSION TND exhibited a moderate extraction ratio indicative of good bioavailability. According to the literature, the approach developed in the present study is the first established LC-MS/MS method for assessing TND metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed W Attwa
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Abdelhameed
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser S Al-Shakliah
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan A Kadi
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Ulenberg S, Bączek T. Metabolic stability studies of lead compounds supported by separation techniques and chemometrics analysis. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:373-386. [PMID: 33006800 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With metabolism being one of the main routes of drug elimination from the body (accounting for removal of around 75% of known drugs), it is crucial to understand and study metabolic stability of drug candidates. Metabolically unstable compounds are uncomfortable to administer (requiring repetitive dosage during therapy), while overly stable drugs increase risk of adverse drug reactions. Additionally, biotransformation reactions can lead to formation of toxic or pharmacologically active metabolites (either less-active than parent drug, or even with different action). There were numerous approaches in estimating metabolic stability, including in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and high-throughput screening to name a few. This review aims at describing separation techniques used in in vitro metabolic stability estimation, as well as chemometric techniques allowing for creation of predictive models which enable high-throughput screening approach for estimation of metabolic stability. With a very low rate of drug approval, it is important to understand in silico methods that aim at supporting classical in vitro approach. Predictive models that allow assessment of certain biological properties of drug candidates allow for cutting not only cost, but also time required to synthesize compounds predicted to be unstable or inactive by in silico models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Ulenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Al-Salem HS, Arifuzzaman M, Alkahtani HM, Abdalla AN, Issa IS, Alqathama A, Albalawi FS, Rahman AFMM. A Series of Isatin-Hydrazones with Cytotoxic Activity and CDK2 Kinase Inhibitory Activity: A Potential Type II ATP Competitive Inhibitor. Molecules 2020; 25:E4400. [PMID: 32992673 PMCID: PMC7582667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isatin derivatives potentially act on various biological targets. In this article, a series of novel isatin-hydrazones were synthesized in excellent yields. Their cytotoxicity was tested against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and human ovary adenocarcinoma (A2780) cell lines using MTT assay. Compounds 4j (IC50 = 1.51 ± 0.09 µM) and 4k (IC50 = 3.56 ± 0.31) showed excellent activity against MCF7, whereas compound 4e showed considerable cytotoxicity against both tested cell lines, MCF7 (IC50 = 5.46 ± 0.71 µM) and A2780 (IC50 = 18.96± 2.52 µM), respectively. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) revealed that, halogen substituents at 2,6-position of the C-ring of isatin-hydrazones are the most potent derivatives. In-silico absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) results demonstrated recommended drug likeness properties. Compounds 4j (IC50 = 0.245 µM) and 4k (IC50 = 0.300 µM) exhibited good inhibitory activity against the cell cycle regulator CDK2 protein kinase compared to imatinib (IC50 = 0.131 µM). A molecular docking study of 4j and 4k confirmed both compounds as type II ATP competitive inhibitors that made interactions with ATP binding pocket residues, as well as lacking interactions with active state DFG motif residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda S. Al-Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (I.S.I.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Md Arifuzzaman
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (I.S.I.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Ashraf N. Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Iman S. Issa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (I.S.I.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Aljawharah Alqathama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatemah S. Albalawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (I.S.I.); (F.S.A.)
| | - A. F. M. Motiur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (I.S.I.); (F.S.A.)
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