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Guillén-Bonilla H, Guillén-Bonilla JT, Rodríguez-Betancourtt VM, Ramírez-Ortega JA, Morán Lázaro JP, Guillén-Bonilla A. Synthesis and Sensing Response of Magnesium Antimoniate Oxide (MgSb 2O 6) in the Presence of Propane Atmospheres at Different Operating Voltages. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2147. [PMID: 38610357 PMCID: PMC11014215 DOI: 10.3390/s24072147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of MgSb2O6 were synthesized using a microwave-assisted wet chemistry method, followed by calcination at 700 °C. Their ability to detect different concentrations of propane gas (C3H8) at various operating voltages was evaluated. The material's crystalline phase was identified using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), finding bar- and polyhedron-type geometries. Through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we found particle sizes of 8.87-99.85 nm with an average of ~27.63 nm. Employing ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, we found a band gap value of ~3.86 eV. Thick films made with MgSb2O6 powders were exposed to atmospheres containing 150, 300, 400, and 600 ppm of propane gas for dynamic testing. The time-dependent sensitivities were ~61.09, ~88.80, ~97.65, and ~112.81%. In addition, tests were carried out at different operating voltages (5-50 V), finding very short response and recovery times (~57.25 and ~18.45 s, respectively) at 50 V. The excellent dynamic response of the MgSb2O6 is attributed mainly to the synthesis method because it was possible to obtain nanometric-sized particles. Our results show that the trirutile-type oxide MgSb2O6 possesses the ability, efficiency, and thermal stability to be applied as a gas sensor for propane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Guillén-Bonilla
- Departament of Project Engineer, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, M. García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44410, Mexico;
| | - José Trinidad Guillén-Bonilla
- Departament of Electro-Photonics, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, M. García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44410, Mexico;
| | | | | | - Juan Pablo Morán Lázaro
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CUVALLES, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca Km 45.5, Ameca 46600, Mexico;
| | - Alex Guillén-Bonilla
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CUVALLES, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca Km 45.5, Ameca 46600, Mexico;
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Tladi BC, Kroon RE, Swart HC, Motaung DE. A holistic review on the recent trends, advances, and challenges for high-precision room temperature liquefied petroleum gas sensors. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1253:341033. [PMID: 36965988 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is mainly composed of hydrocarbons, such as propane and butane, is a flammable gas that is considered a clean source of energy. Currently, the overwhelming use of LPG as fuel in vehicles, domestic settings, and industry has led to several incidents and deaths globally due to leakage. As a result, the appropriate detection of LPG is vital; thus, gas-sensing devices that can monitor this gas rapidly and accurately at room temperature, are required. This work reviews the current advances in LPG gas sensors, which operate at room temperature. The influences of the synthesis methods and parameters, doping, and use of catalysts on the sensing performance are discussed. The formation of heterostructures made from semiconducting metal oxides, polymers, and graphene-based materials, which enhance the sensor selectivity and sensitivity, is also discussed. The future trends and challenges confronted in the advancement of LPG room temperature operational gas sensors, and critical ideas concerning the future evolution of LPG gas sensors, are deliberated. Additionally, the advancements in the next-generation gas sensors, such as the wireless detection of LPG leakage, self-powered sensors driven by triboelectric/piezoelectric mechanisms, and artificial intelligent systems are also reviewed. This review further focuses on the use of smartphones to circumvent the use of costly instruments and paves the way for cost-efficient and portable monitoring of LPG. Finally, the approach of utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) to detect/monitor the leakage of LPG has also been discussed, which will provide better alerts to the users and thus minimize the effects of leakages.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Tladi
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA9300, South Africa
| | - R E Kroon
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA9300, South Africa.
| | - H C Swart
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA9300, South Africa.
| | - D E Motaung
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA9300, South Africa.
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Singh A, Yadav BC. Green synthesized ZnO/NiO heterostructures based quick responsive LPG sensor for the detection of below LEL with DFT calculations. RESULTS IN SURFACES AND INTERFACES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rsurfi.2023.100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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Huízar-Padilla E, Guillén-Bonilla H, Guillén-Bonilla A, Rodríguez-Betancourtt VM, Sánchez-Martínez A, Guillen-Bonilla JT, Gildo-Ortiz L, Reyes-Gómez J. Synthesis of ZnAl 2O 4 and Evaluation of the Response in Propane Atmospheres of Pellets and Thick Films Manufactured with Powders of the Oxide. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2362. [PMID: 33805344 PMCID: PMC8037716 DOI: 10.3390/s21072362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized employing a colloidal method. The oxide powders were obtained at 300 °C, and their crystalline phase was corroborated by X-ray diffraction. The composition and chemical structure of the ZnAl2O4 was carried out by X-ray and photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical properties were studied by UV-vis spectroscopy, confirming that the ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles had a direct transition with bandgap energy of 3.2 eV. The oxide's microstructures were microbars of ~18.2 nm in size (on average), as analyzed by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopies. Dynamic and stationary gas detection tests were performed in controlled propane atmospheres, obtaining variations concerning the concentration of the test gas and the operating temperature. The optimum temperatures for detecting propane concentrations were 200 and 300 °C. In the static test results, the ZnAl2O4 showed increases in propane response since changes in the material's electrical conductance were recorded (conductance = 1/electrical resistance, Ω). The increases were ~2.8 at 200 °C and ~7.8 at 300 °C. The yield shown by the ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles for detecting propane concentrations was optimal compared to other similar oxides categorized as potential gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Héctor Guillén-Bonilla
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Proyectos, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, M. García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44410, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alex Guillén-Bonilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales e Ingenierías, CUVALLES, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca Km 45.5, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | | | - A. Sánchez-Martínez
- CONACYT-Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Campus Siglo XXI, Carretera Zacatecas—Guadalajara Km 6, Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Zacatecas, Mexico;
| | - José Trinidad Guillen-Bonilla
- Departamento de Electrónica, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, M. García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44410, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Lorenzo Gildo-Ortiz
- Departamento de Física, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44410, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Juan Reyes-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Colima, Bernal Díaz del Castillo 340, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico;
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Singh S, Singh A, Singh A, Rathore S, Yadav BC, Tandon P. Nanostructured cobalt antimonate: a fast responsive and highly stable sensing material for liquefied petroleum gas detection at room temperature. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33770-33781. [PMID: 35519027 PMCID: PMC9056747 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, cobalt antimonate (CoSb2O6) nanospheres were fabricated via the sol-gel spin-coating process and employed as a functional liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensor at room temperature (25 °C). The microstructure of the fabricated CoSb2O6 thin films (thickness ∼ 250 nm) was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy, which revealed the growth of nanospheres having an average diameter of ∼45 nm. The XRD analysis demonstrated the crystalline nature of CoSb2O6 with a crystallite size of ∼27 nm. Finally, the fabricated thin films were investigated as sensors for LPG and carbon dioxide (CO2) at room temperature (25 °C) and 55% R.H. (relative humidity) with different concentrations in the range of 1000-5000 ppm. The sensing results demonstrated greater variations in the electrical properties of films for the incoming LPG than that of the CO2 gas adsorption. Furthermore, to ensure the long-term stability of fabricated sensors, they were tested periodically at 10 days interval, spanning a total duration of 60 days. In summary, our fabricated LPG sensor displayed high sensitivity (1.96), repeatability, quick response time (21 s) and high long-term stability (99%). Therefore, CoSb2O6 nanospheres can be functionalized as a potential LPG-sensitive material characterized by high sensitivity, reliability and stability at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra Singh
- Department of Physics, M. P. Government P. G. College Hardoi-241001 U.P. India
| | - Archana Singh
- Macromolecular Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow Lucknow-226007 U.P. India
| | - Ajendra Singh
- Macromolecular Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow Lucknow-226007 U.P. India
| | - Sanjeev Rathore
- Department of Physics, Government P. G. College Badaun-243601 U.P. India
| | - B C Yadav
- Department of Applied Physics, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow-226025 U.P. India
| | - Poonam Tandon
- Macromolecular Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow Lucknow-226007 U.P. India
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