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Wu W, Gao X, Chen B, Meng G, Lian J, Xue F, Kong Q, Yang J. Selective adsorption of tetracycline and copper(II) on ion-imprinted porous alginate microspheres: performance and potential mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:105538-105555. [PMID: 37715034 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel epichlorohydrin and thiourea grafted porous alginate adsorbent (UA-Ca/IIP) was synthesized using ion-imprinting and direct templating to remove copper ions (Cu(II)) and tetracycline (TC) in aqueous solution. UA-Ca/IIP demonstrated great selectivity for Cu(II) and TC among different coexisting anions (CO32-, PO43- and SO42-), cations (Ca2+, Mg2+ and NH4+), and antibiotics (oxytetracycline and sulfamethoxazole). The adsorption of TC and Cu(II) by UA-Ca/IIP was significantly affected by the pH of the solution, and the quantity of TC and Cu(II) adsorbed reached a maximum at pH 5. A pseudo-second-order model better fitted the kinetic data; the Langmuir model predicted the maximum adsorption quantities 3.527 mmol TC g-1 and 4.478 mmol Cu(II) g-1 at 298 K. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the TC and Cu(II) adsorption was more rapid at a higher temperature. Antagonistic and synergistic adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption capacity of TC would increase significantly with the increase of Cu(II) concentration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that along with the influence of pH, electrostatic interaction and complexation were the main mechanisms of TC and Cu(II) adsorption. Regeneration experiments revealed that TC and Cu(II) were removed efficiently and that UA-Ca/IIP was recyclable over the long term. These results show that the modified porous alginate microsphere is a green and recyclable adsorbent, which has good selectivity and high adsorption performance for the removal of TC and Cu(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Biofilm Water Purification and Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, China
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Anhui, Maanshan, 243032, China
| | - Xiangpeng Gao
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Anhui, Maanshan, 243032, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Biofilm Water Purification and Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, China
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Anhui, Maanshan, 243032, China
| | - Guanhua Meng
- Engineering Research Center of Biofilm Water Purification and Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, China
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Anhui, Maanshan, 243032, China
| | - Jianjun Lian
- Engineering Research Center of Biofilm Water Purification and Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, China.
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Anhui, Maanshan, 243032, China.
| | - Feng Xue
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Qiaoping Kong
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Shandong, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Biofilm Water Purification and Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, China
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Anhui, Maanshan, 243032, China
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Singh S, Naik TSSK, Thamaraiselvan C, Behera SK, N P, Nath B, Dwivedi P, Singh J, Ramamurthy PC. Applicability of new sustainable and efficient green metal-based nanoparticles for removal of Cr(VI): Adsorption anti-microbial, and DFT studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121105. [PMID: 36682618 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia absinthium leaves were utilized as a reducing agent for green synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (particle size 17 nm). Synthesized green-ZnO (g-ZnO) were characterized by SEM/EDX, FTIR, XRD, UV, and BET analyses and then further used as an adsorbent to remove Cr(VI) ions from simulated wastewater. Optimal pH, temperature and adsorbent dosage were determined through batch mode studies. High removal efficiency and adsorption capacity were observed at pH 4, 0.25 g L-1 dosage, and 25 mg L-1 concentration of Cr(VI). Experimental data were modelled with different adsorption kinetics (Elovich model, PFO, PSO, IDP model) and isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin), and it was found the adsorption process was well fitted to Langmuir with an R2 value greater than>0.99. Computational calculation showed that the g-ZnO nanoparticles became ∼14 times more dynamic with delocalized surface states making them a relevant platform to adsorb Cr with greater work function compatibility supporting the experimental findings. The Qmax adsorption capacity of g-ZnO was 315.46 mg g-1 from Langmuir calculations. Thermodynamic calculations reveal that the Cr (VI) adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic, with a positive ΔS value representing the disorder at the solid-solution interface during the adsorption. In addition, the present study has demonstrated that these g-ZnO nanoparticles show strong antibacterial activities against P. aeruginosa (MTCC 1688) and E. coli (MTCC 1687). Also, the novel g-ZnO adsorbent capacity to remove Cr(VI) from simulated water revealed that it could be reused at least six times with higher removal rates during regeneration experiments. The results obtained from adsorption and antimicrobial activities suggest that g-ZnO nanoparticles could be used effectively in real-time wastewater and agricultural safety applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - T S S K Naik
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - C Thamaraiselvan
- Inter Disciplinary Centre for Energy Research (ICER), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - S K Behera
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - Pavithra N
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - Bidisha Nath
- Inter Disciplinary Centre for Energy Research (ICER), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - P Dwivedi
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India.
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Alzahrani FM, Amari A, Katubi KM, Alsaiari NS, Tahoon MA. The synthesis of nanocellulose-based nanocomposites for the effective removal of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solution. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The present study reports the synthesis of a polydopamine (PDA)/nanocellulose (NC) nanocomposite for the effective removal of chromium ions from water. PDA was used to modify NC surface producing a nanocomposite namely PDA/NC, by in situ polymerization of dopamine on the surface of NC. Thereafter, the as-synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using familiar techniques such as Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. All results indicated the successful combination of PDA and NC in one nanocomposite. The PDA/NC nanocomposite was evaluated for the removal of hexavalent Cr(vi) ions from an aqueous solution. The adsorption conditions, such as pH, contact time, and initial Cr(vi) concentration, were optimized. Adsorption kinetic studies revealed that Cr(vi) removal on the surface of PDA/NC nanocomposite followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, isotherm studies revealed that Cr(vi) removal followed the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity (q
m) of 210 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism study indicated that the Cr(vi) removal was reached via complexation, adsorption, and chemical reduction. The reusability of a PDA/NC nanocomposite for the removal of Cr(vi) ions was studied up to five cycles with acceptable results. The high adsorption capacity and multiple removal mechanisms validated the effective applicability of PDA/NC nanocomposite as a useful adsorbent for the removal of Cr(vi) ions from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Mohammed Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University , P.O. Box 84428 , Riyadh 11671 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelfattah Amari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University , Abha 61411 , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Processes, Research Laboratory of Processes, Energetics, Environment and Electrical Systems, National School of Engineers, Gabes University , Gabes 6072 , Tunisia
| | - Khadijah Mohammedsaleh Katubi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University , P.O. Box 84428 , Riyadh 11671 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Salem Alsaiari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University , P.O. Box 84428 , Riyadh 11671 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Tahoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University , P.O. Box 9004 , Abha 61413 , Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University , Mansoura 35516 , Egypt
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Singh S, Naik TSSK, Anil AG, Khasnabis S, Nath B, U B, Kumar V, Garg VK, Subramanian S, Singh J, Ramamurthy PC. A novel CaO nanocomposite cross linked graphene oxide for Cr(VI) removal and sensing from wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134714. [PMID: 35489459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel green nanocomposite has been prepared by immobilizing CaO nanoparticles (CaO NPs) on the surface of graphene oxide. Biogenic CaO-NPs were synthesized from Lala clamshells. Morphological and structural characterizations of the nanocomposite were studied extensively. The adsorption capacity (qmax) of the nanocomposite for removing Cr(VI) was 38.04 mg g-1. In addition to this, the adsorption data were adequately simulated with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and pseudo-second-order models, suggesting that the adsorption process was the combination of external mass transfer and chemisorption. Electrostatic interaction was the dominant mechanism for Cr(VI) removal. In addition, the synthesized nanocomposites also serve as an excellent sensor for Cr(VI) sensing, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 μM utilizing electrochemical methods. Therefore, this green nanocomposite can simultaneously serve as an adsorbent and sensor for Cr(VI)removal from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - T S Sunil Kumar Naik
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - Amith G Anil
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - Sutripto Khasnabis
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - Bidisha Nath
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - Basavaraju U
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - V K Garg
- Centre for Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
| | - S Subramanian
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India.
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India.
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Wang J. A critical review of various adsorbents for selective removal of nitrate from water: Structure, performance and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132728. [PMID: 34718027 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is ubiquitous pollutant due to its high water solubility, usually contributing to eutrophication, and posing a threat to aquatic ecosystem and human health. Adsorption approach has been widely used for nitrate removal because of the simplicity, easy operation, and low cost. Adsorbent plays a key role in the adsorptive removal of nitrate. The adsorption performance and adsorption mechanism are determined by the structural feature of adsorbent that is dependent on the preparation method. In this review, various types of adsorbents for nitrate removal were systematically summarized, their preparation, characterization, and adsorption performance were evaluated; the factors influencing the nitrate adsorption performance were discussed; the adsorption isotherm models, kinetic models and thermodynamic parameters were examined; and the possible adsorption mechanisms responsible for nitrate adsorption were categorized; the possible correlation of adsorbent structure to adsorption performance and adsorption mechanism were explained; the potential applications of adsorbents were discussed; finally, the strategies for improving adsorption capacity and selectivity towards nitrate, the challenges and future perspectives for developing novel adsorbent were also proposed. This review will deepen the understanding of nitrate removal by adsorption process and help the development of high-performance adsorbents for selective nitrate removal from water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China; Key Laboratory of Treatment for Special Wastewater of Sichuan Province Higher Education Process, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Bouazizi N, Vieillard J, Samir B, Le Derf F. Advances in Amine-Surface Functionalization of Inorganic Adsorbents for Water Treatment and Antimicrobial Activities: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030378. [PMID: 35160372 PMCID: PMC8838642 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, adsorption has exhibited promising and effective outcomes as a treatment technique for wastewater contaminated with many types of pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and bacteria. To achieve such effectiveness, a number of potential adsorbents have been synthesized and applied for water remediation and antimicrobial activities. Among these inorganic adsorbents (INAD), activated carbon, silica, metal oxide, metal nanoparticles, metal–organic fibers, and graphene oxide have been evaluated. In recent years, significant efforts have been made in the development of highly efficient adsorbent materials for gas and liquid phases. For gas capture and water decontamination, the most popular and known functionalization strategy is the chemical grafting of amine, due to its low cost, ecofriendliness, and effectiveness. In this context, various amines such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), diethanolamine (DEA), dendrimer-based polyamidoamine (PAMAM), branched polyethyleneimine (PEI), and others are employed for the surface modification of INADs to constitute a large panel of resource and low-cost materials usable as an alternative to conventional treatments aimed at removing organic and inorganic pollutants and pathogenic bacteria. Amine-grafted INAD has long been considered as a promising approach for the adsorption of both inorganic and organic pollutants. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of surface modifications through amine grafting and their adsorption behavior under diverse conditions. Amine grafting strategies are investigated in terms of the effects of the solvent, temperature, and the concentration precursor. The literature survey presented in this work provides evidence of the significant potential of amine-grafted INAD to remove not only various contaminants separately from polluted water, but also to remove pollutant mixtures and bacteria.
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Wu H, Liu Y, Chen B, Yang F, Wang L, Kong Q, Ye T, Lian J. Enhanced adsorption of molybdenum(VI) from aquatic solutions by chitosan-coated zirconium–iron sulfide composite. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Application of Unmodified Brachystegia spiciformis Leaf Biomass in the Adsorption of Nitrate Ions. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-021-00282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Studies on the Removal of Cadmium Toxic Metal Ions by Natural Clays from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption Process. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/7873488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is the valorization of the Moroccan clays (QC-MC and QC-MT) from the Middle Atlas region as adsorbents for the treatment of water contaminated by cadmium Cd (II) ions. The physicochemical properties of natural clays are characterized by ICP-MS, XRD, FTIR, and SEM techniques. The adsorption process is investigated as a function of adsorbent mass, solution pH, contact time, temperature, and initial Cd (II) ion concentration. The kinetic investigation shows that the adsorption equilibrium of Cd (II) ions by both natural clays is reached after 30 min for QC-MT and 45 min for QC-MC and fits well to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The isotherm study is best fitted by a Freundlich model, with the maximum adsorption capacity determined by the linear form of the Freundlich isotherm being 4.23 mg/g for QC-MC and 5.85 mg/g for QC-MT at 25°C. The cadmium adsorption process was thermodynamically spontaneous and exothermic. The regeneration process showed that these natural clays had excellent recycling capacity. Characterization of the Moroccan natural clays before and after the adsorption process through FTIR, SEM, XRD, and EDX techniques confirmed the Cd (II) ion adsorption on the surfaces of both natural clay adsorbents. Overall, the high adsorption capacity of both natural clays for Cd (II) ions removal compared to other adsorbents motioned in the literature indicated that these two natural adsorbents are excellent candidates for heavy metal removal from aqueous environments.
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Anchique L, Alcázar JJ, Ramos-Hernandez A, Méndez-López M, Mora JR, Rangel N, Paz JL, Márquez E. Predicting the Adsorption of Amoxicillin and Ibuprofen on Chitosan and Graphene Oxide Materials: A Density Functional Theory Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1620. [PMID: 34067695 PMCID: PMC8156938 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence, persistence, and accumulation of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent a new environmental problem due to their harmful effects on human and aquatic life. A suitable absorbent for a particular type of pollutant does not necessarily absorb other types of compounds, so knowing the compatibility between a particular pollutant and a potential absorbent before experimentation seems to be fundamental. In this work, the molecular interactions between some pharmaceuticals (amoxicillin, ibuprofen, and tetracycline derivatives) with two potential absorbers, chitosan and graphene oxide models (pyrene, GO-1, and coronene, GO-2), were studied using the ωB97X-D/6-311G(2d,p) level of theory. The energetic interaction order found was amoxicillin/chitosan > amoxicillin/GO-1 > amoxicillin/GO-2 > ibuprofen/chitosan > ibuprofen/GO-2 > ibuprofen/GO-1, the negative sign for the interaction energy in all complex formations confirms good compatibility, while the size of Eint between 24-34 kcal/mol indicates physisorption processes. Moreover, the free energies of complex formation were negative, confirming the spontaneity of the processes. The larger interaction of amoxicillin Gos, compared to ibuprofen Gos, is consistent with previously reported experimental results, demonstrating the exceptional predictability of these methods. The second-order perturbation theory analysis shows that the amoxicillin complexes are mainly driven by hydrogen bonds, while van der Waals interactions with chitosan and hydrophobic interactions with graphene oxides are modelled for the ibuprofen complexes. Energy decomposition analysis (EDA) shows that electrostatic energy is a major contributor to the stabilization energy in all cases. The results obtained in this work promote the use of graphene oxides and chitosan as potential adsorbents for the removal of these emerging pollutants from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Anchique
- Programa de Química, Grupo Química Supramolecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Semillero Electroquímica Aplicada, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla 081001, Colombia; (L.A.); (A.R.-H.)
| | - Jackson J. Alcázar
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 6094411, Chile;
| | - Andrea Ramos-Hernandez
- Programa de Química, Grupo Química Supramolecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Semillero Electroquímica Aplicada, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla 081001, Colombia; (L.A.); (A.R.-H.)
| | - Maximiliano Méndez-López
- Departamento de Química y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Grupo de Investigaciones en Química y Biología, Universidad del Norte, Carrera 51B, Km 5, vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia
| | - José R. Mora
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Norma Rangel
- TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes-División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Ave. Adolfo López Mateos #1801Ote. Fracc. Bona Gens, Aguascalientes 20256, Mexico;
| | - José Luis Paz
- Departamento Académico de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química e Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Cercado de Lima 15081, Peru;
| | - Edgar Márquez
- Departamento de Química y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Grupo de Investigaciones en Química y Biología, Universidad del Norte, Carrera 51B, Km 5, vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia
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