1
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Gupta R, Gaddam A, Prajapati D, Dimov S, Mishra A, Vadali M. Enhancing Bactericidal Properties of Ti6Al4V Surfaces through Micro and Nano Hierarchical Laser Texturing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39086155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Orthopedic and dental implants made from Ti6Al4V are widely used due to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, the long-term performance of these implants can be compromised by bacterial infections. This study explores the development of hierarchically textured surfaces with enhanced bactericidal properties to address such challenges. Hierarchical surface structures were developed by combining microscale features produced by a microsecond laser and superimposed submicron features produced using a femtosecond laser. Microscale patterns were produced by the pulsed laser surface melting process, whereas submicrometer laser-induced periodic surface structures were created on top of them by femtosecond laser processing. Escherichia coli bacterial cells were cultured on the textured surface. After 24 h, a staining analysis was performed using SYTO9 and PI dyes to investigate the samples with a confocal microscope for live dead assays. Results showed bacterial colony formation onto the microscale surface textures with live bacterial cells, whereas the hierarchical surface textures display segregated and physically damaged bacterial cell attachments on surfaces. The hierarchical surface textures showed ∼98% dead bacterial cells due to the combined effect of its multiscale surface features and oxide formation during the laser processing steps. The efficacy of hierarchical surface textures in enhancing the antibacterial behavior of Ti6Al4V implants is evident from the conducted research. Such laser-based surface treatments can find potential applications in different industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gupta
- Mechanical Engineering Department, IIT Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Anvesh Gaddam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Deepak Prajapati
- Microbiology Laboratory, Materials Engineering Department, IIT Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Stefan Dimov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Abhijit Mishra
- Microbiology Laboratory, Materials Engineering Department, IIT Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhu Vadali
- Mechanical Engineering Department, IIT Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
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2
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Benčina M, Rawat N, Paul D, Kovač J, Lakota K, Žigon P, Kralj-Iglič V, Iglič A, Junkar I. Enhanced Hemocompatibility and Cytocompatibility of Stainless Steel. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19566-19577. [PMID: 38708281 PMCID: PMC11064193 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The present study introduces an advanced surface modification approach combining electrochemical anodization and non-thermal plasma treatment, tailored for biomedical applications on stainless steel grade 316L (SS316L) surfaces. Nanopores with various diameters (100-300 nm) were synthesized with electrochemical anodization, and samples were further modified with non-thermal oxygen plasma. The surface properties of SS316L surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and Water contact angle measurements. It has been shown that a combination of electrochemical anodization and plasma treatment significantly alters the surface properties of SS316L and affects its interactions with blood platelets and human coronary cells. Optimal performance is attained on the anodized specimen featuring pores within the 150-300 nm diameter range, subjected to subsequent oxygen plasma treatment; the absence of platelet adhesion was observed. At the same time, the sample demonstrated good endothelialization and a reduction in smooth muscle cell adhesion compared to the untreated SS316L and the sample with smaller pores (100-150 nm). This novel surface modification strategy has significant implications for improving biocompatibility and performance of SS316L in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metka Benčina
- Department
of Surface Engineering, Joz̆ef Stefan
Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory
of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Niharika Rawat
- Laboratory
of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Domen Paul
- Department
of Surface Engineering, Joz̆ef Stefan
Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Kovač
- Department
of Surface Engineering, Joz̆ef Stefan
Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Lakota
- Department
of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre
Ljubljana, Vodnikova
62, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Žigon
- Department
of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre
Ljubljana, Vodnikova
62, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- Laboratory
of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory
of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory
of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ita Junkar
- Department
of Surface Engineering, Joz̆ef Stefan
Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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3
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Holder D, Peter A, Kirsch M, Cáceres S, Weber R, Onuseit V, Kulenovic R, Starflinger J, Graf T. Enhancing heat transfer at low temperatures by laser functionalization of the inner surface of metal pipes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2557. [PMID: 38297142 PMCID: PMC10830557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The latent heat transfer during vapour condensation in the condenser section of passive heat transport devices such as the two-phase closed thermosiphon is limited by film condensation. Dropwise condensation provides an increase of the heat transfer coefficient by up to one order of magnitude and can be achieved with a water-repellant surface. The inner surface of pipes made from stainless steel was functionalized by laser surface texturing with ultrashort laser pulses and subsequent storage in a liquid containing long-chained hydrocarbons. The pipes were separated into half-pipes by wire eroding to enable laser texturing of the inner surface, and were then joined by electron beam welding after laser texturing. As a result, superhydrophobic and water-repellent surfaces with a contact angle of 153° were obtained on the inner surface of the pipes with a length of up to 1 m. The functionalized pipes were used in the condenser section of a two-phase closed thermosiphon to demonstrate a heat transfer rate of 0.92 kW at 45 °C, which is approximately three times the heat transfer rate of 0.31 kW of a smooth reference pipe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Holder
- Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge (IFSW), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 43, Stuttgart, Germany.
- ARENA2036 Research Campus, Pfaffenwaldring 19, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Alexander Peter
- Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge (IFSW), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 43, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marc Kirsch
- Institut für Kernenergetik und Energiesysteme (IKE), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 31, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sergio Cáceres
- Institut für Kernenergetik und Energiesysteme (IKE), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 31, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rudolf Weber
- Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge (IFSW), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 43, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Volkher Onuseit
- Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge (IFSW), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 43, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rudi Kulenovic
- Institut für Kernenergetik und Energiesysteme (IKE), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 31, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg Starflinger
- Institut für Kernenergetik und Energiesysteme (IKE), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 31, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Graf
- Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge (IFSW), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 43, Stuttgart, Germany
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4
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Shuleiko D, Zabotnov S, Sokolovskaya O, Poliakov M, Volkova L, Kunkel T, Kuzmin E, Danilov P, Kudryashov S, Pepelayev D, Kozyukhin S, Golovan L, Kashkarov P. Hierarchical Surface Structures and Large-Area Nanoscale Gratings in As 2S 3 and As 2Se 3 Films Irradiated with Femtosecond Laser Pulses. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4524. [PMID: 37444839 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors (ChVSs) find application in rewritable optical memory storage and optically switchable infrared photonic devices due to the possibility of fast and reversible phase transitions, as well as high refractive index and transmission in the near- and mid-infrared spectral range. Formed on such materials, laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), open wide prospects for increasing information storage capacity and create polarization-sensitive optical elements of infrared photonics. In the present work, a possibility to produce LIPSSs under femtosecond laser irradiation (pulse duration 300 fs, wavelength 515 nm, repetition rate up to 2 kHz, pulse energy ranged 0.03 to 0.5 μJ) is demonstrated on a large (up to 5 × 5 mm2) area of arsenic sulfide (As2S3) and arsenic selenide (As2Se3) ChVS films. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopy revealed that LIPSSs with various periods (170-490 nm) and orientations can coexist within the same irradiated region as a hierarchical structure, resulting from the interference of various plasmon polariton modes generated under intense photoexcitation of nonequilibrium carriers within the film. The depth of the structures varied from 30 to 100 nm. The periods and orientations of the formed LIPSSs were numerically simulated using the Sipe-Drude approach. A good agreement of the calculations with the experimental data was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Shuleiko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Zabotnov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Sokolovskaya
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maksim Poliakov
- Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16A Nagatinskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidiya Volkova
- Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16A Nagatinskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Kunkel
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy Per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Evgeny Kuzmin
- Lebedev Physical Institute, The Russian Academy of Science, 53 Leninsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Danilov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, The Russian Academy of Science, 53 Leninsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Kudryashov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, The Russian Academy of Science, 53 Leninsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Pepelayev
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology, 1 Shokina Sq., 124498 Zelenograd, Russia
| | - Sergey Kozyukhin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Golovan
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Kashkarov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", 1 Akademika Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Cost-effective equipment for surface pre-treatment for cleaning and excitation of substrates in semiconductor technology. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-05219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
This article presents a cost-effective ultraviolet-ozone cleaner (UV/O3 Cleaner) for surface pre-treatment of substrates in the field of semiconductor technology. The cleaner consists of two chambers, the upper one contains the electronics, including the time counter. The lower chamber contains the two UV sterilisation lamps and a UV reflector of anodized aluminium, which confines the area of high Ozone concentration in the area of interest. The device is successfully used for surface cleaning and modification of different materials. To this end, the two important wavelengths 253.7 nm (excitation of organic residues) and 184.9 nm (production of ozone from the atmospheric environment as a strong oxidant) were first detected. The effectiveness of UV/O3 cleaning is demonstrated by improving the properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) for OLED fabrication. The contact angle of water to ITO could be reduced from 90° to 3° and for diiodomethane, it was reduced from 55° to 31° within the 10 min of irradiation. This greatly improved wettability for polar and non-polar liquids can increase the flexibility in further process control. In addition, an improvement in wettability is characterized by measuring the contact angles for titanium dioxide (TiO2) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The contact angle of water to TiO2 decreased from 70° to 10°, and that of diiodomethane to TiO2 from 54° to 31°. The wettability of PDMS was also greatly increased. Here, the contact angle of water was reduced from 109° to 24° and the contact angle to diiodomethane from 89° to 49°.
Article Highlights
We report a cost-effective dry-cleaning device for surface cleaning and modification based on ultraviolet-ozone irradiation.
Contact angle measurements show an increase of wettability for different materials due to surface modification.
The UVO3 pre-treatment improves layer formation and optoelectrical properties of OLEDs.
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6
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Micro/Nano Periodic Surface Structures and Performance of Stainless Steel Machined Using Femtosecond Lasers. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13060976. [PMID: 35744590 PMCID: PMC9230448 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The machining of micro/nano periodic surface structures using a femtosecond laser has been an academic frontier and hotspot in recent years. With an ultrahigh laser fluence and an ultrashort pulse duration, femtosecond laser machining shows unique advantages in material processing. It can process almost any material and can greatly improve the processing accuracy with a minimum machining size and heat-affected zone. Meanwhile, it can fabricate a variety of micro/nano periodic surface structures and then change a material's surface performance dramatically, such as the material's wetting performance, corrosive properties, friction properties, and optical properties, demonstrating great application potential in defense, medical, high-end manufacturing, and many other fields. In recent years, the research is gradually deepening from the basic theory to optimization design, intelligent control, and application technology. Nowadays, while focusing on metal structure materials, especially on stainless steel, research institutions in the field of micro and nano manufacturing have conducted systematic and in-depth experimental research using different experimental environments and laser-processing parameters. They have prepared various surface structures with different morphologies and periods with sound performance, and are one step closer to many civilian engineering applications. This paper reviews the study of micro/nano periodic surface structures and the performance of stainless steel machined using a femtosecond laser, obtains the general evolution law of surface structure and performance with the femtosecond laser parameters, points out several key technical challenges for future study, and provides a useful reference for the engineering research and application of femtosecond laser micro/nano processing technology.
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7
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Gojda F, Loulakis M, Papoutsakis L, Tzortzakis S, Chrissopoulou K, Anastasiadis SH. Altering the Surface Properties of Metal Alloys Utilizing Facile and Ecological Methods. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4826-4838. [PMID: 35421312 PMCID: PMC9048697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of a superhydrophobic and, even, water-repellent metal alloy surface is reported utilizing a simple, fast, and economical way that requires minimum demands on the necessary equipment and/or methods used. The procedure involves an initial irradiation of the metallic specimen using a femtosecond laser, which results in a randomly roughened surface, that is subsequently followed by placing the item in an environment under moderate vacuum (pressure 10-2 mbar) and/or under low-temperature heating (at temperatures below 120 °C). The effects of both temperature and low pressure on the surface properties (water contact angle and contact angle hysteresis) are investigated and surfaces with similar superhydrophobicity are obtained in both cases; however, a significant difference concerning their water-repellent ability is obtained. The surfaces that remained under vacuum were water-repellent, exhibiting very high values of contact angle with a very low contact angle hysteresis, whereas the surfaces, which underwent thermal processing, exhibited superhydrophobicity with high water adhesion, where water droplets did not roll off even after a significant inclination of the surface. The kinetics of the development of superhydrophobic behavior was investigated as well. The findings were understood when the surface roughness characteristics were considered together with the chemical composition of the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franceska Gojda
- Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation
for Research and Technology − Hellas, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department
of Physics, University of Crete, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Michalis Loulakis
- Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation
for Research and Technology − Hellas, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Lampros Papoutsakis
- Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation
for Research and Technology − Hellas, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Stelios Tzortzakis
- Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation
for Research and Technology − Hellas, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology, University
of Crete, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kiriaki Chrissopoulou
- Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation
for Research and Technology − Hellas, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Spiros H. Anastasiadis
- Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation
for Research and Technology − Hellas, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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8
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Paun IA, Calin BS, Popescu RC, Tanasa E, Moldovan A. Laser Direct Writing of Dual-Scale 3D Structures for Cell Repelling at High Cellular Density. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3247. [PMID: 35328668 PMCID: PMC8950975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of complex, reproducible, and accurate micro-and nanostructured interfaces that impede the interaction between material's surface and different cell types represents an important objective in the development of medical devices. This can be achieved by topographical means such as dual-scale structures, mainly represented by microstructures with surface nanopatterning. Fabrication via laser irradiation of materials seems promising. However, laser-assisted fabrication of dual-scale structures, i.e., ripples relies on stochastic processes deriving from laser-matter interaction, limiting the control over the structures' topography. In this paper, we report on laser fabrication of cell-repellent dual-scale 3D structures with fully reproducible and high spatial accuracy topographies. Structures were designed as micrometric "mushrooms" decorated with fingerprint-like nanometric features with heights and periodicities close to those of the calamistrum, i.e., 200-300 nm. They were fabricated by Laser Direct Writing via Two-Photon Polymerization of IP-Dip photoresist. Design and laser writing parameters were optimized for conferring cell-repellent properties to the structures, even for high cellular densities in the culture medium. The structures were most efficient in repelling the cells when the fingerprint-like features had periodicities and heights of ≅200 nm, fairly close to the repellent surfaces of the calamistrum. Laser power was the most important parameter for the optimization protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Alexandra Paun
- Center for Advanced Laser Technologies (CETAL), National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, RO-077125 Măgurele, Romania; (B.S.C.); (E.T.)
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Stefanita Calin
- Center for Advanced Laser Technologies (CETAL), National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, RO-077125 Măgurele, Romania; (B.S.C.); (E.T.)
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Cristina Popescu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering IFIN-HH, RO-077125 Măgurele, Romania;
| | - Eugenia Tanasa
- Center for Advanced Laser Technologies (CETAL), National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, RO-077125 Măgurele, Romania; (B.S.C.); (E.T.)
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antoniu Moldovan
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, RO-077125 Măgurele, Romania;
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9
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Pogorzelski S, Boniewicz-Szmyt K, Grzegorczyk M, Rochowski P. Wettability of Metal Surfaces Affected by Paint Layer Covering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:1830. [PMID: 35269061 PMCID: PMC8912038 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the work was to quantify the surface wettability of metallic (Fe, Al, Cu, brass) surfaces covered with sprayed paints. Wettability was determined using the contact angle hysteresis approach, where dynamic contact angles (advancing ΘA and receding ΘR) were identified with the inclined plate method. The equilibrium, ΘY, contact angle hysteresis, CAH = ΘA − ΘR, film pressure, Π, surface free energy, γSV, works of adhesion, WA, and spreading, WS, were considered. Hydrophobic water/solid interactions were exhibited for the treated surfaces with the dispersive term contribution to γSV equal to (0.66−0.69). The registered 3D surface roughness profiles allowed the surface roughness and surface heterogeneity effect on wettability to be discussed. The clean metallic surfaces turned out to be of a hydrophilic nature (ΘY < 90°) with high γSV, heterogeneous, and rough with a large CAH. The surface covering demonstrated the parameters’ evolution, ΘA↑, ΘR↑, γSV↓, WA↓, and WS↓, corresponding to the surface hydrophobization and exhibiting base substratum-specific signatures. The dimensionless roughness fluctuation coefficient, η, was linearly correlated to CAH. The CAH methodology based on the three measurable quantities, ΘA, ΘR, and liquid surface tension, γLV, can be a useful tool in surface-mediated process studies, such as lubrication, liquid coating, and thermoflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaw Pogorzelski
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 57, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (S.P.); (M.G.)
| | | | - Maciej Grzegorczyk
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 57, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (S.P.); (M.G.)
- MGE, Lipowa 7, 82-103 Stegna, Poland
| | - Pawel Rochowski
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 57, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (S.P.); (M.G.)
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10
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Mastellone M, Pace ML, Curcio M, Caggiano N, De Bonis A, Teghil R, Dolce P, Mollica D, Orlando S, Santagata A, Serpente V, Bellucci A, Girolami M, Polini R, Trucchi DM. LIPSS Applied to Wide Bandgap Semiconductors and Dielectrics: Assessment and Future Perspectives. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:1378. [PMID: 35207919 PMCID: PMC8880014 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of presenting the processes governing the Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS), its main theoretical models have been reported. More emphasis is given to those suitable for clarifying the experimental structures observed on the surface of wide bandgap semiconductors (WBS) and dielectric materials. The role played by radiation surface electromagnetic waves as well as Surface Plasmon Polaritons in determining both Low and High Spatial Frequency LIPSS is briefly discussed, together with some experimental evidence. Non-conventional techniques for LIPSS formation are concisely introduced to point out the high technical possibility of enhancing the homogeneity of surface structures as well as tuning the electronic properties driven by point defects induced in WBS. Among these, double- or multiple-fs-pulse irradiations are shown to be suitable for providing further insight into the LIPSS process together with fine control on the formed surface structures. Modifications occurring by LIPSS on surfaces of WBS and dielectrics display high potentialities for their cross-cutting technological features and wide applications in which the main surface and electronic properties can be engineered. By these assessments, the employment of such nanostructured materials in innovative devices could be envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mastellone
- ISM-CNR, DiaTHEMA Laboratory, U.O.S. Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.M.); (V.S.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.P.); (D.M.T.)
| | - Maria Lucia Pace
- ISM-CNR, FemtoLAB, U.O.S. Tito Scalo, Zona Industriale, 85050 Potenza, Italy; (M.L.P.); (P.D.); (D.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Mariangela Curcio
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (N.C.); (A.D.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Nicola Caggiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (N.C.); (A.D.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Angela De Bonis
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (N.C.); (A.D.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Roberto Teghil
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (N.C.); (A.D.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Patrizia Dolce
- ISM-CNR, FemtoLAB, U.O.S. Tito Scalo, Zona Industriale, 85050 Potenza, Italy; (M.L.P.); (P.D.); (D.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Donato Mollica
- ISM-CNR, FemtoLAB, U.O.S. Tito Scalo, Zona Industriale, 85050 Potenza, Italy; (M.L.P.); (P.D.); (D.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Stefano Orlando
- ISM-CNR, FemtoLAB, U.O.S. Tito Scalo, Zona Industriale, 85050 Potenza, Italy; (M.L.P.); (P.D.); (D.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Antonio Santagata
- ISM-CNR, FemtoLAB, U.O.S. Tito Scalo, Zona Industriale, 85050 Potenza, Italy; (M.L.P.); (P.D.); (D.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Valerio Serpente
- ISM-CNR, DiaTHEMA Laboratory, U.O.S. Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.M.); (V.S.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.P.); (D.M.T.)
| | - Alessandro Bellucci
- ISM-CNR, DiaTHEMA Laboratory, U.O.S. Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.M.); (V.S.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.P.); (D.M.T.)
| | - Marco Girolami
- ISM-CNR, DiaTHEMA Laboratory, U.O.S. Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.M.); (V.S.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.P.); (D.M.T.)
| | - Riccardo Polini
- ISM-CNR, DiaTHEMA Laboratory, U.O.S. Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.M.); (V.S.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.P.); (D.M.T.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Maria Trucchi
- ISM-CNR, DiaTHEMA Laboratory, U.O.S. Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.M.); (V.S.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.P.); (D.M.T.)
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11
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Wang M, Guo CF, Wang X, Xiang B, Qiu M, He T, Yang H, Chen Y, Dong J, Liu Q, Ruan S. Fabrication of patterned solid surfaces with highly controllable wettability. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31877-31883. [PMID: 35495539 PMCID: PMC9041589 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05675a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Precisely controlling the wettability of a solid surface is vital for a wide range of applications such as control of liquid droplet motion, water collection and the directional transport of fluids. However, fabricating a large-area solid surface with highly controllable wettability in a low-cost way is still challenging. Here we present a cost-effective method to fabricate patterned solid surfaces with highly controllable wettability by combining chemical etching technique, chemical vapor deposition technique and laser direct writing technique. We experimentally demonstrated that the contact angle of water droplets on the patterned surfaces of a porous nanofilm fabricated using the presented fabrication method can be adjusted from 94.4° to 168.2° by changing the duty ratio of the periodic pattern on the patterned surfaces. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrated that the contact angle of water droplets on the patterned surfaces is almost independent of the shape of the unit cell of the patterns. In addition, we propose an effective surface model to accurately calculate the contact angle of water droplets on patterned solid surfaces. Using the effective surface model, the wettability of a patterned solid surface can be precisely controlled by designing the duty ratio of its periodic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen 518118 China
| | - Chuan Fei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Bingxi Xiang
- Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen 518118 China
| | - Mingxia Qiu
- Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen 518118 China
| | - Tiefeng He
- Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen 518118 China
| | - Huan Yang
- Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen 518118 China
| | - Yu Chen
- Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen 518118 China
| | - Jianjie Dong
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Qian Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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12
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Gutiérrez-Fernández E, Ezquerra TA, Nogales A, Rebollar E. Straightforward Patterning of Functional Polymers by Sequential Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Irradiation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1123. [PMID: 33925285 PMCID: PMC8146350 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Laser-based methods have demonstrated to be effective in the fabrication of surface micro- and nanostructures, which have a wide range of applications, such as cell culture, sensors or controlled wettability. One laser-based technique used for micro- and nanostructuring of surfaces is the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). LIPSS are formed upon repetitive irradiation at fluences well below the ablation threshold and in particular, linear structures are formed in the case of irradiation with linearly polarized laser beams. In this work, we report on the simple fabrication of a library of ordered nanostructures in a polymer surface by repeated irradiation using a nanosecond pulsed laser operating in the UV and visible region in order to obtain nanoscale-controlled functionality. By using a combination of pulses at different wavelengths and sequential irradiation with different polarization orientations, it is possible to obtain different geometries of nanostructures, in particular linear gratings, grids and arrays of nanodots. We use this experimental approach to nanostructure the semiconductor polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and the ferroelectric copolymer poly[(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene] (P(VDF-TrFE)) since nanogratings in semiconductor polymers, such as P3HT and nanodots, in ferroelectric systems are viewed as systems with potential applications in organic photovoltaics or non-volatile memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-F.); (T.A.E.); (A.N.)
| | - Tiberio A. Ezquerra
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-F.); (T.A.E.); (A.N.)
| | - Aurora Nogales
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-F.); (T.A.E.); (A.N.)
| | - Esther Rebollar
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, IQFR-CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Prudent M, Bourquard F, Borroto A, Pierson JF, Garrelie F, Colombier JP. Initial Morphology and Feedback Effects on Laser-Induced Periodic Nanostructuring of Thin-Film Metallic Glasses. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1076. [PMID: 33922059 PMCID: PMC8143573 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Surface nanostructuring by femtosecond laser is an efficient way to manipulate surface topography, creating advanced functionalities of irradiated materials. Thin-film metallic glasses obtained by physical vapor deposition exhibit microstructures free from grain boundaries, crystallites and dislocations but also characterized by a nanometric surface roughness. These singular properties make them more resilient to other metals to form laser-induced nanopatterns. Here we investigate the morphological response of Zr65Cu35 alloys under ultrafast irradiation with multipulse feedback. We experimentally demonstrate that the initial columnar microstructure affects the surface topography evolution and conditions the required energy dose to reach desired structures in the nanoscale domain. Double pulses femtosecond laser irradiation is also shown to be an efficient strategy to force materials to form uniform nanostructures even when their thermomechanical properties have a poor predisposition to generate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Prudent
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institute of Optics Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR CNRS 5516, F-42023 St-Etienne, France; (M.P.); (F.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Florent Bourquard
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institute of Optics Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR CNRS 5516, F-42023 St-Etienne, France; (M.P.); (F.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Alejandro Borroto
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.B.); (J.-F.P.)
| | | | - Florence Garrelie
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institute of Optics Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR CNRS 5516, F-42023 St-Etienne, France; (M.P.); (F.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Colombier
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institute of Optics Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR CNRS 5516, F-42023 St-Etienne, France; (M.P.); (F.B.); (F.G.)
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14
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Kodama S, Natsu W. Effects of Electrolyte on Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures with Picosecond Laser Pulses. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:327. [PMID: 33513889 PMCID: PMC7912202 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Short-pulsed laser-induced periodic surface structures (SPLIPSSs) have the possibility to control tribology, wettability and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, the optimal structure depends on each functionality, which has not been clarified. The hybrid process with a short-pulsed laser and electrochemical machining (SPLECM) is, then, proposed to fabricate micro/nano hybrid structures and to modify the surface composition for providing high functionalities with material surfaces. Electrochemical machining is a well-established micro-elution and deposition method with noncontact between a workpiece and a tool. In this study, the effects of electrolytes on SPLIPSSs were investigated experimentally by the picosecond laser irradiation on 304 stainless steel substrates in various electrolytes. The geometry of SPLIPSSs depended on the types and the concentration of electrolytes. In the case of copper nitrate solution and copper sulfate solution, LIPSSs and spheroidization of copper were obtained. This study demonstrated the possibility of SPLECM to fabricate micro/nano structures and to control surface composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kodama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan;
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