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Soto-Montero T, Kralj S, Gómez JS, Wolffs JW, Rodkey N, Kentgens APM, Morales-Masis M. Quantifying Organic Cation Ratios in Metal Halide Perovskites: Insights from X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:6912-6924. [PMID: 39070671 PMCID: PMC11270747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The employment of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) in various optoelectronic applications requires the preparation of thin films whose composition plays a crucial role. Yet, the composition of the MHP films is rarely reported in the literature, partly because quantifying the actual organic cation composition cannot be done with conventional characterization methods. For MHPs, NMR has gained popularity, but for films, tedious processes like scratching several films are needed. Here, we use mechanochemical synthesis of MA1-x FA x PbI3 powders with various MA+: FA+ ratios and combine solid-state NMR spectroscopy (ssNMR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to provide a reference characterization protocol for the organic cations' quantification in either powder form or films. Following this, we demonstrate that organic cation ratio quantification on thin films with ssNMR can be done without scraping the film and using significantly less mass than typically needed, that is, employing a single ∼800 nm-thick MA1-x FA x PbI3 film deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) onto a 1 × 1 in.2, 0.2 mm-thick quartz substrate. While background signals from the quartz substrate appear in the 1H ssNMR spectra, the MA+ and FA+ signals are easily distinguishable and can be quantified. This study highlights the importance of calibrating and quantifying the source and the thin film organic cation ratio, as key for future optimization and scalability of physical vapor deposition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Soto-Montero
- MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Suzana Kralj
- MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer S. Gómez
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jop W. Wolffs
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathan Rodkey
- MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Arno P. M. Kentgens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Morales-Masis
- MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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2
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Mozhdehei A, Mercury L, Slodczyk A. Ubiquity of the Micrometer-Thick Interface along a Quartz-Water Boundary. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13025-13041. [PMID: 38870148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Water-rock interactions determine how the geochemical cycles revolve from the Earth's surface to the deep interior (large T-P intervals). The underlying mechanisms interweave the fluxes of matter, time, and reactivity between fluid phases and solids. The deformation processes of crustal rocks are also known to be significantly affected by the presence or absence of water, typically with the hydrolytic weakening of quartz, olivine, and other silicate minerals. In fact, fluid-rock interactions mechanistically unfold along their interfaces, developing over a certain thickness within the two phases. Diffraction-limited mid-infrared microspectroscopy was employed to monitor the thermodynamic characteristics of liquid water along a quartz boundary. The hyperspectral Fourier transform infrared data set displayed a very strong distance-dependent signature for water over a 1 ± 0.5 μm thickness, while quartz appears unmodified, which is consistent with recent studies. This unexpected thick interface is tested against the geometry of the inclusion, the chemistry of the occluded liquid (especially pH), and the thermal conditions ranging from room temperature to 155 °C. Throughout this range of physicochemical conditions, the micrometer-thick interface is characterized by a ubiquitous, significant shift in the Gibbs free energy of water inside the interfacial layer. This conclusion suggests that the interface-imprinting phenomenon driving this microthick layer has thermodynamic roots that give rise to specific properties along the quartz-water interface. This finding questions the systematic use of the bulk phase data sets to evaluate how water-rock interactions progress in porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Mozhdehei
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO) - UMR 7327 Université d'Orléans, CNRS, BRGM, 45071 Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Lionel Mercury
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO) - UMR 7327 Université d'Orléans, CNRS, BRGM, 45071 Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Aneta Slodczyk
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO) - UMR 7327 Université d'Orléans, CNRS, BRGM, 45071 Orléans Cedex, France
- CEMHTI, UPR 3079 CNRS - Université d'Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France
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Gaweł BA, Busam J, Marthinsen A, Warden GK, Hallam B, Di Sabatino M. Influence of aluminium doping on high purity quartz glass properties. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13669-13675. [PMID: 38665505 PMCID: PMC11043921 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01716a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High purity natural quartz is used as raw material for the manufacture of quartz glass crucibles for solar-grade silicon ingots production. One key challenge for cost-effective ingot pulling is to maximise the ability of the crucible to withstand the process conditions (i.e., silicon load and temperature about 1500 °C) without deformation. In order to improve this glass property, aluminium was coated into the raw quartz materials. Our results showed that an addition of up to 1000 wt ppm Al substantially reduces deformation of glass and improves viscosity at high temperatures. This is likely due to the reduction of stability of OH groups in the quartz glass as well as a trapping effect of aluminium on oxygen vacancies. This hypothesis is also supported by atomistic models. In the presence of Al, formation energies of silanol groups (Si-O-H) were much higher than without. Furthermore, the presence of Al in the structure significantly reduces mobility of the oxygen vacancies. It was also found that formation of oxygen vacancies hinders cristobalite crystallisation, on the other hand, Al atoms themselves induce local weakening of the Si-O bond which accelerates the kinetics of the reconstructive phase transition from glassy state to crystalline phase. This was also confirmed experimentally in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jochen Busam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) S. Saelandsvei 12 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | | | - Gabriela Kazimiera Warden
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) S. Saelandsvei 12 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Benny Hallam
- The Quartz Corp Hellandsveien 14, 8270 Drag Norway
| | - Marisa Di Sabatino
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) S. Saelandsvei 12 7491 Trondheim Norway
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Wei Z, Li Y, Li P, Pan L, Li W, Hu X, Gu Y. New insight into the plastic deformation mechanisms during the SiO 2 phase transition process. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6262-6269. [PMID: 38375004 PMCID: PMC10875730 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07633d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The removal of lattice impurities is the key to the purification of high-purity quartz (HPQ), especially for the intracell lattice impurities. Generally, the intracell lattice impurities can be migrated to the quartz surface via roasting, then removed by acid leaching. In order to reveal the phase transition of quartz during the roasting process, the evolution of structure, bond length, volume, lattice parameter and lattice stress in original, Ti4+, Al3+/Li+ and 4H+ substituted SiO2 phases were employed to investigate the mechanisms of plastic deformation based on density functional theory calculations. Results showed that the evolution of bond lengths and volumes were mainly dominated by phase transition, and the interstitial volume in high temperature SiO2 phases was higher than that in low temperature, indicating that the phase transition from α-quartz to β-cristobalite was beneficial to the migration of interstitial impurities. In addition, the phase transition from α-quartz to β-cristobalite needs to overcome the energy barriers while the phase transition from α-cristobalite to β-cristobalite needs to overcome the lattice stress. This study therefore provides an excellent theoretical basis for the plastic deformation mechanism, for the first time, beneficial to understanding the removal mechanisms of lattice impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlun Wei
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology 122, Luoshi Road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430070 Hubei China
| | - Yubiao Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology 122, Luoshi Road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430070 Hubei China
- Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education Wuhan 430070 Hubei China
| | - Peiyue Li
- National Innovation Center for Advanced Glass Materials Bengbu Anhui 233018 PR China
- CNBM Research Institute for Advanced Glass Materials Group Co., Ltd Bengbu 233018 PR China
| | - Li Pan
- CNBM Research Institute for Advanced Glass Materials Group Co., Ltd Bengbu 233018 PR China
| | - Wanqing Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology 122, Luoshi Road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430070 Hubei China
| | - Xianglin Hu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology 122, Luoshi Road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430070 Hubei China
| | - Yunxiang Gu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology 122, Luoshi Road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430070 Hubei China
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Mysliu E, Lunder O, Erbe A. Role of aluminium hydrides in localised corrosion of aluminium revealed by operando Raman spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:11845-11857. [PMID: 36928717 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00522d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Filiform corrosion (FFC) is characteristic of metals such as aluminium and magnesium, usually takes place on coated metals, and spreads from coating defects in the form of filaments with a width on the order of 100 μm. In this work, in situ and operando Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy were used to characterize the composition and distribution of corrosion products inside growing filaments. The filament head contains water (OH stretching modes, 3000-3600 cm-1), and corrosion products based on aluminium oxide with both tetrahedrally (840 cm-1) and octahedrally (600 cm-1) coordinated Al3+, and with some hydroxyl group content (3075, 1420, 1164 cm-1). Remarkable is the prominent presence of structural motifs as in γ-AlH3 (1045, 1495 cm-1). The tail contains predominantly aluminium oxide with octahedrally coordinated Al3+ and in addition carbonate (1100 cm-1) and aluminium chloride (347 cm-1). Video recordings of the active filigree show hydrogen evolution inside the active head and a very fast precipitation of corrosion products. Re-dissolution, transport and re-formation of the corrosion products is also observed, accompanying start-stop-cycles of the propagation of FFC; this mechanism leads to wavy surface morphologies by lifting of certain coating areas after the passage of the corrosion front as evidenced by 3D optical profilometer analysis. When exposed to the acidic head conditions for a sufficient time, the initiation of other forms of localised corrosion, such as pitting, is possible, which in turn facilitates further propagation of the filament. The in situ detection of hydride which transforms into the typical aluminium corrosion products in due course points to a prominent role of hydride as intermediate in the aqueous corrosion of aluminium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlind Mysliu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Andreas Erbe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Abbas AH, Abd Alsaheb RA, Abdullah JK. Comparative study of natural chemical for enhanced oil recovery: Focus on extraction and adsorption at quartz sand surface. PETROLEUM 2023; 9:83-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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7
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Li Y, Li S, Pan X, Zhao X, Guo P. Pre-concentration of quartz from sea sand through superconducting high gradient magnetic separation technology. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2151471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkui Li
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Suqin Li
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Penghui Guo
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Wang S, Xiao Z, Leng J, Zhang Z, Gao T, Tang Z. Enhancing Li-Ion Transport in Solid Electrolytes by Confined Water. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201094. [PMID: 35695333 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing new oxide solid electrolytes with fast Li-ion transport and high stability is an important step to realize high-performance solid-state Li-ion batteries. Hydrate materials containing confined water widely exist in nature or can be easily synthesized. However, they have seldom been explored as Li-ion solid electrolytes due to the stereotype that the presence of water limits the electrochemical stability window of a solid electrolyte. In this work, it is demonstrated that confined water can enhance Li-ion transport while not compromising the stability window of solid electrolytes using Li-H-Ti-O quaternary compounds as an example system. Three Li-H-Ti-O quaternary compounds containing different amounts of confined water are synthesized, and their ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability are compared. The compound containing structural pseudo-water is demonstrated to have an ionic conductivity that is 2-3 order of magnitude higher than the water-free Li4 Ti5 O12 and similar stability window. A solid-state battery is made with this new compound as the solid electrolyte, and good rate and cycling performance are achieved, which demonstrates the promise of using such confined-water-containing compounds as Li-ion solid electrolytes. The knowledge and insights gained in this work open a new direction for designing solid electrolytes for future solid-state Li-ion batteries. Broadly, by confining water into solid crystal structures, new design freedoms for tailing the properties of ceramic materials are introduced, which creates new opportunities in designing novel materials to address critical problems in various engineering fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Li
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Shitong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zunqiu Xiao
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jin Leng
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhongtai Zhang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Zilong Tang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Development of Bigels Based on Date Palm-Derived Cellulose Nanocrystal-Reinforced Guar Gum Hydrogel and Sesame Oil/Candelilla Wax Oleogel as Delivery Vehicles for Moxifloxacin. Gels 2022; 8:gels8060330. [PMID: 35735674 PMCID: PMC9222693 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bigels are biphasic semisolid systems that have been explored as delivery vehicles in the food and pharmaceutical industries. These formulations are highly stable and have a longer shelf-life than emulsions. Similarly, cellulose-based hydrogels are considered to be ideal for these formulations due to their biocompatibility and flexibility to mold into various shapes. Accordingly, in the present study, the properties of an optimized guar gum hydrogel and sesame oil/candelilla wax oleogel-based bigel were tailored using date palm-derived cellulose nanocrystals (dp-CNC). These bigels were then explored as carriers for the bioactive molecule moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MH). The preparation of the bigels was achieved by mixing guar gum hydrogel and sesame oil/candelilla wax oleogel. Polarizing microscopy suggested the formation of the hydrogel-in-oleogel type of bigels. An alteration in the dp-CNC content affected the size distribution of the hydrogel phase within the oleogel phase. The colorimetry studies revealed the yellowish-white color of the samples. There were no significant changes in the FTIR functional group positions even after the addition of dp-CNC. In general, the incorporation of dp-CNC resulted in a decrease in the impedance values, except BG3 that had 15 mg dp-CNC in 20 g bigel. The BG3 formulation showed the highest firmness and fluidity. The release of MH from the bigels was quasi-Fickian diffusion mediated. BG3 showed the highest release of the drug. In summary, dp-CNC can be used as a novel reinforcing agent for bigels.
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Zhong X, Schulz (née Uebel) M, Wu C, Rabe M, Erbe A, Rohwerder M. Limiting Current Density of Oxygen Reduction under Ultrathin Electrolyte Layers: From the Micrometer Range to Monolayers. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiankang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Xindu Street 8, Xindu District Chengdu Sichuan Province 610500 China
| | - Matthias Schulz (née Uebel)
- Dep. Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Str.1 D-40237 Düsseldorf
| | - Chun‐Hung Wu
- Dep. Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Str.1 D-40237 Düsseldorf
| | - Martin Rabe
- Dep. Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Str.1 D-40237 Düsseldorf
| | - Andreas Erbe
- Dep. Materials Science and Engineering NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NO-7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Michael Rohwerder
- Dep. Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Str.1 D-40237 Düsseldorf
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