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Rais N, Ved A, Ahmad R, Parveen A. Research-based Analytical Procedures to Evaluate Diabetic Biomarkers and Related Parameters: In Vitro and In Vivo Methods. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e201023222417. [PMID: 37867271 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998252495231011182012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The degenerative tendency of diabetes leads to micro- and macrovascular complications due to abnormal levels of biochemicals, particularly in patients with poor diabetic control. Diabetes is supposed to be treated by reducing blood glucose levels, scavenging free radicals, and maintaining other relevant parameters close to normal ranges. In preclinical studies, numerous in vivo trials on animals as well as in vitro tests are used to assess the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of the test substances. Since a substance that performs poorly in vitro won't perform better in vivo, the outcomes of in vitro studies can be utilized as a direct indicator of in vivo activities. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study is to provide research scholars with a comprehensive overview of laboratory methods and procedures for a few selected diabetic biomarkers and related parameters. METHOD The search was conducted on scientific database portals such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, BASE, DOAJ, etc. Conclusion: The development of new biomarkers is greatly facilitated by modern technology such as cell culture research, lipidomics study, microRNA biomarkers, machine learning techniques, and improved electron microscopies. These biomarkers do, however, have some usage restrictions. There is a critical need to find more accurate and sensitive biomarkers. With a few modifications, these biomarkers can be used with or even replace conventional markers of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Rais
- Department of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305004, India
| | - Akash Ved
- Goel Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226028, India
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Vivek College of Technical Education, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh 246701, India
| | - Aashna Parveen
- Faculty of Applied Science, Bhagwant Global University, Kotdwar, Uttarakhand 246149, India
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Divya, Darshna, Sammi A, Chandra P. Design and development of opto-electrochemical biosensing devices for diagnosing chronic kidney disease. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3116-3136. [PMID: 37439074 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is emerging as one of the major causes of the increase in mortality rate and is expected to become 5th major cause by 2050. Many studies have shown that it is majorly related to various risk factors, and thus becoming one of the major health issues around the globe. Early detection of renal disease lowers the overall burden of disease by preventing individuals from developing kidney impairment. Therefore, diagnosis and prevention of CKD are becoming the major challenges, and in this situation, biosensors have emerged as one of the best possible solutions. Biosensors are becoming one of the preferred choices for various diseases diagnosis as they provide simpler, cost-effective and precise methods for onsite detection. In this review, we have tried to discuss the globally developed biosensors for the detection of CKD, focusing on their design, pattern, and applicability in real samples. Two major classifications of biosensors based on transduction systems, that is, optical and electrochemical, for kidney disease have been discussed in detail. Also, the major focus is given to clinical biomarkers such as albumin, creatinine, and others related to kidney dysfunction. Furthermore, the globally developed sensors for the detection of CKD are discussed in tabulated form comparing their analytical performance, response time, specificity as well as performance in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Darshna
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditi Sammi
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Chakraborty T, Das M, Lin CY, Su Y, Yuan B, Kao CH. ZIF-8 Nanoparticles Based Electrochemical Sensor for Non-Enzymatic Creatinine Detection. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020159. [PMID: 35207080 PMCID: PMC8878344 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a consistent demand for developing highly sensitive, stable, cost-effective, and easy-to-fabricate creatinine sensors as creatinine is a reliable indicator of kidney and muscle-related disorders. Herein, we reported a highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic electrochemical creatinine sensor via modifying poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) coated indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate by zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles (ZIF-8 NPs). The topography, crystallinity, and composition of the sensing electrode were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The peroxidase-like activity of ZIF-8 nanoparticles enabled it to detect creatinine forming a zinc-creatinine composite. The electrochemical behavior and sensing performance were evaluated by amperometric and impedimetric analysis. The sensor obtained a sufficiently low limit of detection (LOD) of 30 µM in a clinically acceptable linear range (0.05 mM–2.5 mM). The interference study demonstrated high selectivity of the sensor for creatinine concerning other similar biomolecules. The sensing performance of the creatinine sensor was verified in the actual human serum, which showed excellent recovery rates. Hence, the magnificent performance of ZIF-8 based non-enzymatic creatinine sensor validated it as a responsible entity for other complicated renal markers detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titisha Chakraborty
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhwa 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.C.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Munmun Das
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhwa 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.C.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Chan-Yu Lin
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan District, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Yen Su
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhwa 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.C.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bing Yuan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhwa 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.C.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Chyuan-Haur Kao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhwa 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.C.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan District, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 284 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan District, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Center for Green Technology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhwa 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118800 (ext. 5783)
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Singh P, Mandal S, Roy D, Chanda N. Facile Detection of Blood Creatinine Using Binary Copper-Iron Oxide and rGO-Based Nanocomposite on 3D Printed Ag-Electrode under POC Settings. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3446-3458. [PMID: 34142794 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles have been helpful in creatinine sensing technology under point-of-care (POC) settings because of their excellent electrocatalyst properties. However, the behavior of monometallic nanoparticles as electrochemical creatinine sensors showed limitations concerning the current density in the mA/cm2 range and wide detection window, which are essential parameters for the development of a sensor for POC applications. Herein, we report a new sensor, a reduced graphene oxide stabilized binary copper-iron oxide-based nanocomposite on a 3D printed Ag-electrode (Fe-Cu-rGO@Ag) for detecting a wide range of blood creatinine (0.01 to 1000 μM; detection limit 10 nM) in an electrochemical chip with a current density ranging between 0.185 and 1.371 mA/cm2 and sensitivity limit of 1.1 μA μM-1 cm-2 at physiological pH. Interference studies confirmed that the sensor exhibited no interference from analytes like uric acid, urea, dopamine, and glutathione. The sensor response was also evaluated to detect creatinine in human blood samples with high accuracy in less than a minute. The sensing mechanism suggested that the synergistic effects of Cu and iron oxide nanoparticles played an essential role in the efficient sensing where Fe atoms act as active sites for creatinine oxidation through the secondary amine nitrogen, and Cu nanoparticles acted as an excellent electron-transfer mediator through rGO. The rapid sensor fabrication procedure, mA/cm2 peak current density, a wide range of detection limits, low contact resistance including high selectivity, excellent linear response (R2 = 0.991), and reusability ensured the application of advanced electrochemical sensor toward the POC creatinine detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Singh
- Materials Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Road, City Center, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Soumen Mandal
- Materials Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Road, City Center, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Debolina Roy
- Materials Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Road, City Center, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Nripen Chanda
- Materials Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Road, City Center, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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