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Grabowska A, Fuentes Pineda R, Spinelli P, Soto Pérez G, Vinocour Pacheco FA, Babu V. Development of Lightweight and Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells on Ultrathin Colorless Polyimide Foils. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:48676-48684. [PMID: 39190646 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c11355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The development of Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) on flexible substrates marks a significant advancement in thin-film photovoltaic technology. However, current state-of-the-art research predominantly utilizes Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate, which limits the deployment to less challenging environments. To address this limitation, we explore the fabrication of inverted PSCs on colorless polyimide (CPI) substrates that can withstand harsh environmental conditions. We employed a sequential sputtering technique to deposit indium tin oxide (bottom electrode) and nickel oxide (hole transport layer) as a base stack for the perovskite. This base layer was further enhanced by incorporating MeO-2PACz into the hole transport bilayer, significantly improving the NiOx interface, and thereby enhancing the efficiency of the devices. The PSCs fabricated on CPI demonstrated a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.52% and a remarkable power-to-weight ratio (PWR) of 4.39 W/g, which is five times higher than that of devices on PET (0.87 W/g). Moreover, the active stack developed in this study can be used on any transparent substrate, showing its broader application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pierpaolo Spinelli
- Saule Technologies, Wroclaw 54-427, Poland
- Saule Research Institute, Wroclaw 54-427, Poland
| | | | | | - Vivek Babu
- Saule Technologies, Wroclaw 54-427, Poland
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Kim SK, Cho EM, Seok HJ, Kim YY, Choi DH, Lee SJ, Jeon NJ, Kim HK. Highly flexible and transparent colorless polyimide substrate sandwiched between plasma polymerized fluorocarbon and InGaTiO for high performance flexible perovskite solar cells. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2373041. [PMID: 39169917 PMCID: PMC11338216 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2373041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
We integrated transparent antireflective coatings and transparent electrodes onto flexible colorless polyimide (CPI) substrates to fabricate high-performance flexible perovskite solar cells. Multifunctional PPFC/CPI/IGTO substrates were fabricated by sputtering the optimal plasma-polymerized fluorocarbon (PPFC) antireflective coating and InGaTiO (IGTO) electrode films on both sides of the CPI substrate. By applying PPFC with a low refractive index (1.38) as an antireflective coating, the transparency of the PPFC/CPI/IGTO substrate increased by an additional 1.2%. In addition, owing to the amorphous characteristics of the PPFC and IGTO layers, the PPFC/CPI/IGTO substrate showed constant sheet resistance and transmittance change even after 10,000 cycles during the bending tests. The flexible perovskite solar cells, fabricated on the PPFC/CPI/IGTO substrate, exhibited an increase in current density of 1.48 mA/cm2 after the deposition of the PPFC antireflective coating. These results confirmed that the PPFC/CPI/IGTO substrate was durable against high-temperature treatment, flexible, and exhibited excellent electrical characteristics. This enhanced the efficiency and durability of the flexible perovskite solar cells. Moreover, the hydrophobic PPFC layer allowed the self-cleaning of inflexible perovskite solar cells. Given these attributes, the PPFC/CPI/IGTO structure has been recognized as a good choice for multifunctional substrates of flexible perovskite solar cells, presenting the potential for enhancing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kyung Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Cho
- Chemical Materials Solution Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jun Seok
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Yun Kim
- Chemical Materials Solution Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeok Choi
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Chemical Materials Solution Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Joong Jeon
- Chemical Materials Solution Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Xu SH, Xu JZ, Tang YB, Meng SG, Liu WZ, Zhou DY, Liao LS. Flexible Substrate-Compatible and Efficiency-Improved Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes with Reduced Annealing Temperature of NiO x Hole-Injecting Layer. Molecules 2024; 29:2828. [PMID: 38930893 PMCID: PMC11206919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for wearable and attachable displays has sparked significant interest in flexible quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). However, the challenges of fabricating and operating QLEDs on flexible substrates persist due to the lack of stable and low-temperature processable charge-injection/-transporting layers with aligned energy levels. In this study, we utilized NiOx nanoparticles that are compatible with flexible substrates as a hole-injection layer (HIL). To enhance the work function of the NiOx HIL, we introduced a self-assembled dipole modifier called 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (4-CF3-BA) onto the surface of the NiOx nanoparticles. The incorporation of the dipole molecules through adsorption treatment has significantly changed the wettability and electronic characteristics of NiOx nanoparticles, resulting in the formation of NiO(OH) at the interface and a shift in vacuum level. The alteration of surface electronic states of the NiOx nanoparticles not only improves the carrier balance by reducing the hole injection barrier but also prevents exciton quenching by passivating defects in the film. Consequently, the NiOx-based red QLEDs with interfacial modification demonstrate a maximum current efficiency of 16.1 cd/A and a peak external quantum efficiency of 10.3%. This represents a nearly twofold efficiency enhancement compared to control devices. The mild fabrication requirements and low annealing temperatures suggest potential applications of dipole molecule-modified NiOx nanoparticles in flexible optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Hao Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.-H.X.); (J.-Z.X.); (Y.-B.T.); (S.-G.M.); (W.-Z.L.); (L.-S.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jin-Zhe Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.-H.X.); (J.-Z.X.); (Y.-B.T.); (S.-G.M.); (W.-Z.L.); (L.-S.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ying-Bo Tang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.-H.X.); (J.-Z.X.); (Y.-B.T.); (S.-G.M.); (W.-Z.L.); (L.-S.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shu-Guang Meng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.-H.X.); (J.-Z.X.); (Y.-B.T.); (S.-G.M.); (W.-Z.L.); (L.-S.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei-Zhi Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.-H.X.); (J.-Z.X.); (Y.-B.T.); (S.-G.M.); (W.-Z.L.); (L.-S.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dong-Ying Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.-H.X.); (J.-Z.X.); (Y.-B.T.); (S.-G.M.); (W.-Z.L.); (L.-S.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.-H.X.); (J.-Z.X.); (Y.-B.T.); (S.-G.M.); (W.-Z.L.); (L.-S.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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González AS, García J, Vega V, Caballero Flores R, Prida VM. High-Performance 3D Nanostructured Silver Electrode for Micro-Supercapacitor Application. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:40087-40098. [PMID: 37929086 PMCID: PMC10620899 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current energy crisis scenario, the development of renewable energy forms such as energy storage systems among the supercapacitors is an urgent need as a tool for environmental protection against increasing pollution. In this work, we have designed a novel 3D nanostructured silver electrode through an antireplica/replica template-assisted procedure. The chemical surface and electrochemical properties of this novel 3D electrode have been studied in a 5 M KOH electrolyte. Microstructural characterization and compositional analysis were studied by SEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, XRD technique, and Kripton adsorption at -198 °C, together with cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling measurements, Coulombic efficiency, cycle stability, and their leakage current drops, in addition to the self-discharge and electrochromoactive behavior, were performed to fully characterize the 3D nanostructured electrode. Large areal capacitance value of 0.5 F/cm2 and Coulombic efficiency of 97.5% are obtained at a current density of 6.4 mA/cm2 for a voltage window of 1.2 V (between -0.5 and 0.8 V). The 3D nanostructured silver electrode exhibits excellent capacitance retention (95%) during more than 2600 cycles, indicating a good cyclic stability. Additionally, the electrode delivers a high energy density of around 385.87 μWh/cm2 and a power density value of 3.82 μW/cm2 and also displays an electrochromoactive behavior. These experimental results strongly support that this versatile combined fabrication procedure is a suitable strategy for improving the electrochemical performances of 3D nanostructured silver electrodes for applications as micro-supercapacitors or in electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Silvia González
- Depto.
de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, Federico García Lorca n° 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier García
- Depto.
de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, Federico García Lorca n° 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Victor Vega
- Laboratorio
de Membranas Nanoporosas, Servicios Científico-Técnicos, Universidad de Oviedo, Fernando Bonguera s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rafael Caballero Flores
- Depto.
Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1065, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Victor M. Prida
- Depto.
de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, Federico García Lorca n° 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
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Armstrong PJ, Chapagain S, Panta R, Grapperhaus C, Druffel T. Synthesizing and formulating metal oxide nanoparticle inks for perovskite solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12248-12261. [PMID: 37751155 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02830e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The perovskite solar cell has commercial potential due to the low-cost of materials and manufacturing processes with cell efficiencies on par with traditional technologies. Nanomaterials have many properties that make them attractive for the perovskite devices, including low-cost inks, low temperature processing, stable material properties and good charge transport. In this feature article, the use of nanomaterials in the hole transport and electron transport layers are reviewed. Specifically, SnO2 and NiOx are the leading materials with the most promise for translation to large scale applications. The review includes a discussion of the synthesis, formulation, and processing of these nanoparticles and provides insights for their further deployment towards commercially viable perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Armstrong
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Sashil Chapagain
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Rojita Panta
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Craig Grapperhaus
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Thad Druffel
- University of Louisville, Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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Won D, Bang J, Choi SH, Pyun KR, Jeong S, Lee Y, Ko SH. Transparent Electronics for Wearable Electronics Application. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9982-10078. [PMID: 37542724 PMCID: PMC10452793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in wearable electronics offer seamless integration with the human body for extracting various biophysical and biochemical information for real-time health monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and augmented reality. Enormous efforts have been dedicated to imparting stretchability/flexibility and softness to electronic devices through materials science and structural modifications that enable stable and comfortable integration of these devices with the curvilinear and soft human body. However, the optical properties of these devices are still in the early stages of consideration. By incorporating transparency, visual information from interfacing biological systems can be preserved and utilized for comprehensive clinical diagnosis with image analysis techniques. Additionally, transparency provides optical imperceptibility, alleviating reluctance to wear the device on exposed skin. This review discusses the recent advancement of transparent wearable electronics in a comprehensive way that includes materials, processing, devices, and applications. Materials for transparent wearable electronics are discussed regarding their characteristics, synthesis, and engineering strategies for property enhancements. We also examine bridging techniques for stable integration with the soft human body. Building blocks for wearable electronic systems, including sensors, energy devices, actuators, and displays, are discussed with their mechanisms and performances. Lastly, we summarize the potential applications and conclude with the remaining challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeyeon Won
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junhyuk Bang
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seok Hwan Choi
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung Rok Pyun
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seongmin Jeong
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute
of Engineering Research/Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design
(SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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Din MFU, Held V, Ullah S, Sousani S, Omastova M, Nadazdy V, Shaji A, Siffalovic P, Jergel M, Majkova E. A synergistic effect of the ion beam sputtered NiO xhole transport layer and MXene doping on inverted perovskite solar cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:425202. [PMID: 35793614 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac7ed4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic effect of high-quality NiOxhole transport layers (HTLs) deposited by ion beam sputtering on ITO substrates and the Ti3C2TxMXene doping of CH3NH3PbI3(MAPI) perovskite layers is investigated in order to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The 18 nm thick NiOxlayers are pinhole-free and exhibit large-scale homogeneous surface morphology as revealed by the atomic force microscopy (AFM). The grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction showed a 0.75% expansion of the face-centered cubic lattice, suggesting an excess of oxygen as is typical for non-stoichiometric NiOx. The HTLs were used to fabricate the PSCs with MXene-doped MAPI layers. A PSC with undoped MAPI layer served as a control. The size of MAPI polycrystalline grains increased from 430 ± 80 nm to 620 ± 190 nm on the doping, as revealed by AFM. The 0.15 wt% MXene doping showed a 14.3% enhancement in PCE as compared to the PSC with undoped MAPI. The energy-resolved electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed one order of magnitude higher density of defect states in the band gap of MXene-doped MAPI layer, which eliminated beneficial effect of reduced total area of larger MAPI grain boundaries, decreasing short-circuit current. The PCE improvement is attributed to a decrease of the work function from -5.26 eV to -5.32 eV on the MXene doping, which increased open-circuit voltage and fill factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faraz Ud Din
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 11, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Held
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 11, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Physics, University of Balochistan, Quetta, 87300, Pakistan
| | - Shima Sousani
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 11, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Omastova
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 41, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vojtech Nadazdy
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 11, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 11, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ashin Shaji
- Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 13, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Siffalovic
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 11, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 11, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Jergel
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 11, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 11, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Majkova
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 11, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 11, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Ivanova T, Harizanova A, Shipochka M, Vitanov P. Nickel Oxide Films Deposited by Sol-Gel Method: Effect of Annealing Temperature on Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:1742. [PMID: 35268971 PMCID: PMC8910923 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In our study, transparent and conductive films of NiOx were successfully deposited by sol-gel technology. NiOx films were obtained by spin coating on glass and Si substrates. The vibrational, optical, and electrical properties were studied as a function of the annealing temperatures from 200 to 500 °C. X-ray Photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy revealed that NiO was formed at the annealing temperature of 400 °C and showed the presence of Ni+ states. The optical transparency of the films reached 90% in the visible range for 200 °C treated samples, and it was reduced to 76-78% after high-temperature annealing at 500 °C. The optical band gap of NiOx films was decreased with thermal treatments and the values were in the range of 3.92-3.68 eV. NiOx thin films have good p-type electrical conductivity with a specific resistivity of about 4.8 × 10-3 Ω·cm. This makes these layers suitable for use as wideband semiconductors and as a hole transport layer (HTL) in transparent solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Ivanova
- Central Laboratory of Solar Energy and New Energy Sources, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tzarigradsko Chaussee 72, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.H.); (P.V.)
| | - Antoaneta Harizanova
- Central Laboratory of Solar Energy and New Energy Sources, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tzarigradsko Chaussee 72, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.H.); (P.V.)
| | - Maria Shipochka
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G, Bonchev St., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Petko Vitanov
- Central Laboratory of Solar Energy and New Energy Sources, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tzarigradsko Chaussee 72, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.H.); (P.V.)
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Oxidized Nickel to Prepare an Inorganic Hole Transport Layer for High-Efficiency and Stability of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15030919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report a perovskite solar cell (PSC) can be benefited from the high quality of inorganic nickel oxide (NiOx) as a hole transport layer (HTL) film fabricated from the physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSC is found to depend on the thickness of NiOx HTL. The NiOx thickness is optimized via quantitative investigation of the structure, optical and electrical properties. With an active area of 11.25 cm2, a PSC module (25 cm2) with a PCE of 15.1% is demonstrated, while statistically averaged PCE = 18.30% with an open voltage (Voc) 1.05 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) 23.89 mA/cm2, and fill factor (FF) 72.87% can be achieved from 36 devices with smaller active areas of 0.16 cm2. After the stability test at 40% relative humidity (RH) and 25 °C for 1200 h, the highest performance NiOx-based PSC is shown to be about 1.2–1.8 times superior to PEDOT:PSS organic HTL based PSC at the same environment.
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10
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Potential of NiOx/Nickel Silicide/n+ Poly-Si Contact for Perovskite/TOPCon Tandem Solar Cells. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15030870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this work, nickel silicide was applied to tandem solar cells as an interlayer. By the process of thermal evaporation, a layer of NiOx, hole transport layer (HTL) was deposited on n+ poly-Si layer directly. Nickel silicide was simultaneously formed by nickel diffusion from NiOx to n+ poly-Si layer during the deposition and annealing process. The I–V characteristics of NiOx/n+ poly-Si contact with nickel silicide showed ohmic contact and low contact resistivity. This structure is expected to be more advantageous for electrical connection between perovskite top cell and TOPCon bottom cell compared to the NiOx/TCO/n+ poly-Si structure showing Schottky contact. Furthermore, nickel silicide and Ni-deficient NiOx thin film formed by diffusion of nickel can improve the fill factor of the two sub cells. These results imply the potential of a NiOx/nickel silicide/n+ poly-Si structure as a perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell interlayer.
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Sim HM, Kim HK. Highly flexible Ag nanowire network covered by a graphene oxide nanosheet for high-performance flexible electronics and anti-bacterial applications. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 22:794-807. [PMID: 34552391 PMCID: PMC8451606 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2021.1963640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated a flexible and transparent conductive electrode (FTCE) based on Ag nanowires (AgNWs) and a graphene oxide (GO) nanosheet and fabricated through a simple and cost-effective spray coating method. The AgNWs/GO hybrid FTCE was optimized by adjusting the nozzle-to-substrate distance, spray speed, compressor pressure, and volume of the GO solution. The optimal AgNWs/GO hybrid FTCE has a high transmittance of 88% at a wavelength of 550 nm and a low sheet resistance of 20 Ohm/square. We demonstrate the presence of the GO nanosheet on the AgNWs through Raman spectroscopy. Using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, we confirmed that the nanosheet acted as a conducting bridge between AgNWs and improved the surface morphology and roughness of the electrode. Effective coverage by the GO sheet improved the conductivity of the AgNWs electrode Effective coverage of the GO sheet improved conductivity of the AgNWs electrode with minimum degradation of optical and mechanical properties. Flexible thin film heater (TFH) and electroluminescent (EL) devices fabricated on AgNWs/GO hybrid FTCEs showed better performance than devices on bare AgNWs electrodes due to lower sheet resistance and uniform conductivity. In addition, an AgNWs/GO electrode layer on a facial mask acts as a self-heating and antibacterial coating. A facial mask with an AgNWs/GO electrode showed a bacteriostatic reduction rate of 99.7 against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Min Sim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
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