1
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O'Nolan D, Sitaula P, Bellamy T, Chatterton L, Amato K, Todd Ennis J, Harrison S, Soukri M, Blough B. Coalescence of Porous Coordination Cages into Crystalline and Amorphous Bulk Solids. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11700-11707. [PMID: 38863221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Discrete porous coordination cages are attractive as a solution processable material whose porosity is not predicated on a network structure. Here, we leverage the peripheral functionalization of these cage structures to obtain 12 novel, solution processable, porous coordination cages that afford crystalline and amorphous single-phase millimeter-scale monolithic bulk structures (six of each) upon solidification. These structures are based upon prototypal metal-organic polyhedra [Cu24(5-x-isophthalate)24] (where x = NH2, OH), wherein meta-substitution of linker ligands with acyl chloride or isocyanate moieties afforded amide and urethane functional groups, respectively. These porous cage structures were obtainable via direct synthesis between a metal salt and a ligand as well as postsynthetic modification of the cage and formed monoliths following centrifugation and drying of the product. We rationalize their self-assembly as colloidal packing of nanoscale cuboctahedral cages through weak interactions between their hydrophobic alkyl/aromatic surfaces. In general, amorphous solids were obtained via rapid precipitation from the mother liquor upon methanol addition, while crystalline solids could be obtained only following further chloroform and pyridine additions. The structure of the materials is confirmed via gas sorption and spectroscopic methods, while powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy are used to determine the nature of these bulk solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O'Nolan
- Technology Advancement and Commercialization, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Paban Sitaula
- Technology Advancement and Commercialization, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Timothy Bellamy
- Technology Advancement and Commercialization, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Lindsey Chatterton
- Technology Advancement and Commercialization, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Kelly Amato
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - J Todd Ennis
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Sara Harrison
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Mustapha Soukri
- Technology Advancement and Commercialization, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Bruce Blough
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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2
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Luo D, Zhu XW, Zhou XP, Li D. Covalent Post-Synthetic Modification of Metal-Organic Cages: Concepts and Recent Progress. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400020. [PMID: 38293757 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic cages (MOCs) are supramolecular coordination complexes that have internal cavities for hosting guest molecules and exhibiting various properties. However, the functions of MOCs are limited by the choice of the building blocks. Post-synthetic modification (PSM) is a technique that can introduce new functional groups and replace existing ones on the MOCs without changing their geometry. Among many PSM methods, covalent PSM is a promising approach to modify MOCs with tailored structures and functions. Covalent PSM can be applied to either the internal cavity or the external surface of the MOCs, depending on the functionality expected to be customized. However, there are still some challenges and limitations in the field of covalent PSM of MOCs, such as the balance between the stability of MOCs and the harshness of organic reactions involved in covalent PSMs. This concept article introduces the organic reaction types involved in covalent PSM of MOCs, their new applications after modification, and summarizes and provides an outlook of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Luo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
- Guangdong Rare Earth Photofunctional Materials Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou, 514015, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
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3
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Obeso JL, Huxley MT, de Los Reyes JA, Humphrey SM, Ibarra IA, Peralta RA. Low-Valent Metals in Metal-Organic Frameworks Via Post-Synthetic Modification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309025. [PMID: 37614026 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide uniquely tunable, periodic platforms for site-isolation of reactive low-valent metal complexes of relevance in modern catalysis, adsorptive applications, and fundamental structural studies. Strategies for integrating such species in MOFs include post-synthetic metalation, encapsulation and direct synthesis using low-valent organometallic complexes as building blocks. These approaches have each proven effective in enhancing catalytic activity, modulating product distributions (i.e., by improving catalytic selectivity), and providing valuable mechanistic insights. In this minireview, we explore these different strategies, as applied to isolate low-valent species within MOFs, with a particular focus on examples that leverage the unique crystallinity, permanent porosity and chemical mutability of MOFs to achieve deep structural insights that lead to new paradigms in the field of hybrid catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Obeso
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Michael T Huxley
- School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering & Technology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - José Antonio de Los Reyes
- Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México, 09340, México
| | - Simon M Humphrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 4.424 Welch Hall, 105 E. 24th St., Austin, TX, 78712-0165, USA
| | - Ilich A Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Ricardo A Peralta
- Department of Chemistry, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM-I), Ciudad de México, 09340, Mexico
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4
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Doñagueda Suso B, Legrand A, Weetman C, Kennedy AR, Fletcher AJ, Furukawa S, Craig GA. Porous Metal-Organic Cages Based on Rigid Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene Type Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Gas Uptake Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300732. [PMID: 37022280 PMCID: PMC10947411 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Three new ligands containing a bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxydiimide unit have been used to assemble lantern-type metal-organic cages with the general formula [Cu4 L4 ]. Functionalisation of the backbone of the ligands leads to distinct crystal packing motifs between the three cages, as observed with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The three cages vary in their gas sorption behaviour, and the capacity of the materials for CO2 is found to depend on the activation conditions: softer activation conditions lead to superior uptake, and one of the cages displays the highest BET surface area found for lantern-type cages so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Legrand
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS)Kyoto UniversityiCeMS Research Building Yoshida, Sakyo-kuKyotoJapan
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS)Université de LilleCNRSCentrale LilleUniversité d'ArtoisUMR 818159000LilleFrance
| | - Catherine Weetman
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Ashleigh J. Fletcher
- Department of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XJUK
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS)Kyoto UniversityiCeMS Research Building Yoshida, Sakyo-kuKyotoJapan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological ChemistryKyoto UniversityiCeMS Research Building Yoshida, Sakyo-kuKyotoJapan
| | - Gavin A. Craig
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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5
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High-pressure modified mesoporous Zr-BTB nanosheets with enhanced photocatalyst activity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Yong MT, Linder-Patton OM, Bloch WM. Assembly of a Heterometallic Cu(II)-Pd(II) Cage by Post-assembly Metal Insertion. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12863-12869. [PMID: 35920858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porous structures based on multi-metallic motifs are receiving growing interest, but their general preparation still remains a challenge. Here, we report the self-assembly and structure of a CuII metal-organic cage (MOC) that is functionalized with free bis(pyrazolyl)methane sites. The homometallic Cu4L4 cage is isolated as a water-stable crystalline solid, and its formation is dependent on metal-ligand stoichiometry and the pre-organization of the Cu2 paddlewheel. We show by X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDX that PdII chloride can be quantitatively inserted into the free chelating sites of the MOC to yield a [Cu4(L(PdCl2))4] structure. Moreover, the solvent employed in the metalation dictates the solid-state isomerism of the heterometallic cage─a further handle to control the MOC's structural diversity and permanent porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Tieng Yong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Oliver M Linder-Patton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Witold M Bloch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.,Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
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8
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Sánchez-González E, Tsang MY, Troyano J, Craig GA, Furukawa S. Assembling metal-organic cages as porous materials. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4876-4889. [PMID: 35441616 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in metal-organic cages (MOCs) as porous materials owing to their processability in solution. The discrete molecular character and surface features of MOCs have a direct impact on the interactions between cages, enabling the final physical state of the materials to be tuned. In this tutorial review, we discuss how to use MOCs as core building units, highlighting the role played by surface functionalisation of MOCs in leading to porous materials in a range of states covering crystalline solids, soft matter, liquids and composites. We finish by providing an outlook on the opportunities for this work to serve as a foundation for the development of increasingly complex functional porous materials structured over various length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elí Sánchez-González
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. .,Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Min Ying Tsang
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. .,Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, 50-373, Poland
| | - Javier Troyano
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Gavin A Craig
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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9
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Liu J, Wang Z, Cheng P, Zaworotko MJ, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Post-synthetic modifications of metal–organic cages. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:339-356. [PMID: 37117929 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic cages (MOCs) are discrete, supramolecular entities that consist of metal nodes and organic linkers, which can offer solution processability and high porosity. Thereby, their predesigned structures can undergo post-synthetic modifications (PSMs) to introduce new functional groups and properties by modifying the linker, metal node, pore or surface environment. This Review explores current PSM strategies used for MOCs, including covalent, coordination and noncovalent methods. The effects of newly introduced functional groups or generated complexes upon the PSMs of MOCs are also detailed, such as improving structural stability or endowing desired functionalities. The development of the aforementioned design principles has enabled systematic approaches for the development and characterization of families of MOCs and, thereby, provides insight into structure-function relationships that will guide future developments.
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10
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Albalad J, Hernández-López L, Carné-Sánchez A, Maspoch D. Surface chemistry of metal-organic polyhedra. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2443-2454. [PMID: 35103260 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07034g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs) are discrete, intrinsically-porous architectures that operate at the molecular regime and, owing to peripheral reactive sites, exhibit rich surface chemistry. Researchers have recently exploited this reactivity through post-synthetic modification (PSM) to generate specialised molecular platforms that may overcome certain limitations of extended porous materials. Indeed, the combination of modular solubility, orthogonal reactive sites, and accessible cavities yields a highly versatile molecular platform for solution to solid-state applications. In this feature article, we discuss representative examples of the PSM chemistry of MOPs, from proof-of-concept studies to practical applications, and highlight future directions for the MOP field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Albalad
- Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Laura Hernández-López
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Arnau Carné-Sánchez
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Schneider ML, Campbell JA, Slattery AD, Bloch WM. Polymer networks of imine-crosslinked metal–organic cages: tuneable viscoelasticity and iodine adsorption. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12122-12125. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04969d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solution-state structure of MOP-15 is elucidated, enabling its direct use as a porous monomer for covalent polymer networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan A. Campbell
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5035, Australia
| | - Ashley D. Slattery
- Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Witold M. Bloch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5035, Australia
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12
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Markwell-Heys AW, Roemelt M, Slattery AD, Linder-Patton OM, Bloch WM. Linking metal-organic cages pairwise as a design approach for assembling multivariate crystalline materials. Chem Sci 2021; 13:68-73. [PMID: 35059152 PMCID: PMC8694310 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05663h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Using metal-organic cages (MOCs) as preformed supermolecular building-blocks (SBBs) is a powerful strategy to design functional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with control over the pore architecture and connectivity. However, introducing chemical complexity into the network via this route is limited as most methodologies focus on only one type of MOC as the building-block. Herein we present the pairwise linking of MOCs as a design approach to introduce defined chemical complexity into porous materials. Our methodology exploits preferential Rh-aniline coordination and stoichiometric control to rationally link Cu4L4 and Rh4L4 MOCs into chemically complex, yet extremely well-defined crystalline solids. This strategy is expected to open up significant new possibilities to design bespoke multi-functional materials with atomistic control over the location and ordering of chemical functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Roemelt
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Ashley D Slattery
- Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 Australia
| | | | - Witold M Bloch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia +61 8 8313 5039
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13
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Albalad J, Peralta RA, Huxley MT, Tsoukatos S, Shi Z, Zhang YB, Evans JD, Sumby CJ, Doonan CJ. Coordination modulated on-off switching of flexibility in a metal-organic framework. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14893-14900. [PMID: 34820105 PMCID: PMC8597854 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04712d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit dynamic, and typically reversible, structural changes upon exposure to external stimuli. This process often induces drastic changes in their adsorption properties. Herein, we present a stimuli-responsive MOF, 1·[CuCl], that shows temperature dependent switching from a rigid to flexible phase. This conversion is associated with a dramatic reversible change in the gas adsorption properties, from Type-I to S-shaped isotherms. The structural transition is facilitated by a novel mechanism that involves both a change in coordination number (3 to 2) and geometry (trigonal planar to linear) of the post-synthetically added Cu(i) ion. This process serves to 'unlock' the framework rigidity imposed by metal chelation of the bis-pyrazolyl groups and realises the intrinsic flexibility of the organic link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Albalad
- Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
| | - Ricardo A Peralta
- Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
| | - Michael T Huxley
- Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
| | - Steven Tsoukatos
- Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
| | - Zhaolin Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Yue-Biao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Jack D Evans
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Christopher J Sumby
- Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
| | - Christian J Doonan
- Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
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14
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Ma L, An Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang L, Han Y. Post‐assembly modification of discrete poly‐NHC‐derived organometallic assemblies. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Li Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Yuan‐Yuan An
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Ya‐Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Ying‐Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an China
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15
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Liu Y, Wang B, Bian L, Qin Y, Wang C, Zheng L, Cao Q. Morphology-Dependent Peroxidase Mimicking Enzyme Activity of Copper Metal-Organic Polyhedra Assemblies. Chemistry 2021; 27:15730-15736. [PMID: 34505733 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of nanomaterials (geometric shape and dimension) play a significant role in its various physical and chemical properties. Thus, it is essential to link morphology with performance in specific applications. For this purpose, the morphology of copper metal-organic polyhedra (Cu-MOP) can be modulated through distinct assembly process, which facilitates the exploration of the relationship between morphology and catalytic performance. In this work, the assemblies of Cu-MOP with three different morphologies (nanorods, nanofibers and nanosheets) were facilely prepared by the variation of solvent mixture of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and methanol, revealed the important role of the interaction between the surface group and the solvent on the morphology of these assemblies. Cu-MOP nanofibers exhibited the highest mimetic peroxidase enzyme activity over the Cu-MOP nanosheets and nanorods, which have been utilized in the detection of glucose. Cu-MOPs assemblies with tunable morphology accompanied with adjustable mimic peroxidase activity, had great potential applications in the field of bioanalytical chemistry and biomedicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiong Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Yunnan University, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Baoru Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Yunnan University, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Longchun Bian
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Yunnan University, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Yu Qin
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Yunnan University, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Chunqiong Wang
- Yunnan Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Station, Kunming, Yunnan, 650106, China
| | - Liyan Zheng
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Yunnan University, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Qiue Cao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Yunnan University, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
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16
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Bobylev EO, Poole DA, de Bruin B, Reek JNH. How to Prepare Kinetically Stable Self-assembled Pt 12 L 24 Nanocages while Circumventing Kinetic Traps. Chemistry 2021; 27:12667-12674. [PMID: 34155700 PMCID: PMC8456849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular coordination-based self-assembled nanostructures have been widely studied, and currently various applications are being explored. For several applications, the stability of the nanostructure is of key importance, and this strongly depends on the metal used in the self-assembly process. Herein, design strategies and synthetic protocols to access desirable kinetically stable Pt12 L24 nanospheres are reported, and it is demonstrated that these are stable under conditions under which the palladium counterparts decompose. Descriptors previously used for palladium nanospheres are insufficient for platinum analogues, as the stronger metal-ligand bond results in a mixture of kinetically trapped structures. We report that next to the dihedral angle, the rigidity of the ditopic ligand is also a key parameter for the controlled formation of Pt12 L24 nanospheres. Catalytic amounts of coordinating additives to labilise the platinum-pyridyl bond to some extent are needed to selectively form Pt12 L24 assemblies. The formed Pt12 L24 nanospheres were demonstrated to be stable in the presence of chloride, amines and acids, unlike the palladium analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard O. Bobylev
- Supramolecular and Homogeneous Catalysis Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - David A. Poole
- Supramolecular and Homogeneous Catalysis Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Supramolecular and Homogeneous Catalysis Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Supramolecular and Homogeneous Catalysis Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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17
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Schneider ML, Markwell-Heys AW, Linder-Patton OM, Bloch WM. Assembly and Covalent Cross-Linking of an Amine-Functionalised Metal-Organic Cage. Front Chem 2021; 9:696081. [PMID: 34113604 PMCID: PMC8185198 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.696081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of reactive functional groups onto the exterior of metal-organic cages (MOCs) opens up new opportunities to link their well-defined scaffolds into functional porous solids. Amine moieties offer access to a rich catalogue of covalent chemistry; however, they also tend to coordinate undesirably and interfere with MOC formation, particular in the case of Cu2 paddlewheel-based MOCs. We demonstrate that tuning the basicity of an aniline-functionalized ligand enables the self-assembly of a soluble, amine-functionalized Cu4L4 lantern cage (1). Importantly, we show control over the coordinative propensity of the exterior amine of the ligand, which enables us to isolate a crystalline, two-dimensional metal-organic framework composed entirely of MOC units (2). Furthermore, we show that the nucleophilicity of the exterior amine of 1 can be accessed in solution to generate a cross-linked cage polymer (3) via imine condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | | | - Witold M Bloch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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18
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Markwell-Heys AW, Schneider ML, Madridejos JML, Metha GF, Bloch WM. Self-sorting of porous Cu 4L 2L' 2 metal-organic cages composed of isomerisable ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2915-2918. [PMID: 33616581 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08076d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the self-sorting of a dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) of metal-organic cages composed of a rotationally isomerisable ligand. Convergence of the DCL occurs upon crystallisation and leads to low-symmetry Cu4L2L'2 cages that display differing porosities based on their overall shape and ligand configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew L Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
| | | | - Gregory F Metha
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
| | - Witold M Bloch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
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19
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Manipulating solvent and solubility in the synthesis, activation, and modification of permanently porous coordination cages. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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20
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Zhu ZZ, Tian CB, Sun QF. Coordination-Assembled Molecular Cages with Metal Cluster Nodes. CHEM REC 2020; 21:498-522. [PMID: 33270374 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular cages have attracted great attention because of their fascinating topological structures and well-defined functional cavities. These discrete cages were usually fabricated by coordination assembly approach, a process employing directional metal-ligand coordination bonds due to the nature of the divinable coordination geometry and the required lability to encode dynamic equilibrium/error-correction. Compared to these coordination molecular cages with mononulcear metal-nodes, an increasing number of molecular cages featuring dinuclear and then polynuclear metal-cluster nodes have been synthesized. These metal-cluster-based coordination cages (MCCCs) combine the merits of both metal clusters and the cage structure, and exhibit excellent performances in catalysis, separation, host-guest chemistry and so on. In this review, we highlight the syntheses of MCCCs and their potential functions that is donated by the metal-cluster nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Bin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Fu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
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21
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Zeng H, Stewart-Yates L, Casey LM, Bampos N, Roberts DA. Covalent Post-Assembly Modification: A Synthetic Multipurpose Tool in Supramolecular Chemistry. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1249-1269. [PMID: 32529789 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The use of covalent post-assembly modification (PAM) in supramolecular chemistry has grown significantly in recent years, to the point where PAM is now a versatile synthesis tool for tuning, modulating, and expanding the functionality of self-assembled complexes and materials. PAM underpins supramolecular template-synthesis strategies, enables modular derivatization of supramolecular assemblies, permits the covalent 'locking' of unstable structures, and can trigger controlled structural transformations between different assembled morphologies. This Review discusses key examples of PAM spanning a range of material classes, including discrete supramolecular complexes, self-assembled soft nanostructures and hierarchically ordered polymeric and framework materials. As such, we hope to highlight how PAM has continued to evolve as a creative and functional addition to the synthetic chemist's toolbox for constructing bespoke self-assembled complexes and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Key Center for Polymers and Colloids, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Luke Stewart-Yates
- School of Chemistry and Key Center for Polymers and Colloids, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Louis M Casey
- School of Chemistry and Key Center for Polymers and Colloids, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nick Bampos
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Derrick A Roberts
- School of Chemistry and Key Center for Polymers and Colloids, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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22
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Schneider ML, Linder-Patton OM, Bloch WM. A covalent deprotection strategy for assembling supramolecular coordination polymers from metal-organic cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12969-12972. [PMID: 32996491 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05349j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A Cu4L4 metal-organic cage (MOC) composed of amine-protected ligands forms supramolecular coordination polymers (SCPs) upon covalent post-assembly deprotection. The amorphous SCPs form by virtue of aniline-copper coordination and possess a tunable porosity based on the rate of deprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
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23
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Planes OM, Jansze SM, Scopelliti R, Fadaei-Tirani F, Severin K. Two-Step Synthesis of Linear and Bent Dicarboxylic Acid Metalloligands with Lengths of up to 3 nm. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14544-14548. [PMID: 32962338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanometer-sized polycarboxylate ligands are interesting building blocks for metallasupramolecular chemistry, but access to these compounds is often limited by complicated synthetic pathways. Here, we describe a simple two-step protocol, which allows preparing linear and bent dicarboxylate ligands with lengths of up to 3 nm from commercially available compounds. The ligands are prepared by iron-templated polycondensation reactions involving arylboronic acids and nioxime. The final products contain two iron clathrochelate complexes and two terminal carboxyphenylene groups. To demonstrate that the new ligands are suitable for the construction of more complex molecular nanostructures, we have prepared a Cu-based metal-organic polyhedron, which represents the largest M4L4 cage described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie M Planes
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne M Jansze
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Domoto Y, Abe M, Yamamoto K, Kikuchi T, Fujita M. "Eggs in egg cartons": co-crystallization to embed molecular cages into crystalline lattices. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10457-10460. [PMID: 34094303 PMCID: PMC8162400 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03191g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Discrete (M3L2) n cages assembled from a tripodal ligand (L) and metal ions (M: Cu(i) or Ag(i)) are embedded in networked coordination hosts formed by partial dissociation of the same discrete cages during the crystallization process. The resulting "eggs-in-an-egg-carton" structures provide unique examples of the co-crystallization of discrete and infinite coordination frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Domoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kidai Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Rigaku Corporation 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho Akishima-shi Tokyo 196-8666 Japan
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Division of Advanced Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho Okazaki-shi Aichi 444-8787 Japan
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25
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Pilgrim BS, Champness NR. Metal-Organic Frameworks and Metal-Organic Cages - A Perspective. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1842-1856. [PMID: 32833342 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The fields of metal-organic cages (MOCs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are both highly topical and continue to develop at a rapid pace. Despite clear synergies between the two fields, overlap is rarely observed. This article discusses the peculiarities and similarities of MOCs and MOFs in terms of synthetic strategies and approaches to system characterisation. The stability of both classes of material is compared, particularly in relation to their applications in guest storage and catalysis. Lastly, suggestions are made for opportunities for each field to learn and develop in partnership with the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben S Pilgrim
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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26
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Tong J, Lu HL, Sun WQ, Yu SY. Design and programmable self-assembly of an eight-coordinate Cu( ii) heterometallic structure via a dipalladium corner as a building block. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00520g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An eight-coordinate (8C) [Cu(ii)O8] heteromultimetallic complex displaying a distorted dodecahedral structure has been synthesized via the coordination-driven programmable self-assembly of dipalladium metalloligands containing heteroditopic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tong
- Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
| | - Hong-Lin Lu
- Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
| | - Wen-Qing Sun
- Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
| | - Shu-Yan Yu
- Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
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27
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Taggart GA, Lorzing GR, Dworzak MR, Yap GPA, Bloch ED. Synthesis and characterization of low-nuclearity lantern-type porous coordination cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8924-8927. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03266b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the design, synthesis, and characterization of small lanterns with BET surface areas in excess of 200 m2 g−1. These cages represent the lower size limit for permanently microporous coordination cages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory R. Lorzing
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
- Center for Neutron Science
| | | | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Eric D. Bloch
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
- Center for Neutron Science
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