1
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Ogo S, Yatabe T, Miyazawa K, Hashimoto Y, Takahashi C, Nakai H, Shiota Y. Cyclopropanation Using Electrons Derived from Hydrogen: Reaction of Alkenes and Hydrogen without Hydrogenation. JACS AU 2024; 4:1615-1622. [PMID: 38665645 PMCID: PMC11040560 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Have you ever imagined reactions of alkenes with hydrogen that result in anything other than hydrogenation or hydrogenative C-C coupling? We have long sought to develop not only hydrogenation catalysts that activate H2 as hydride ions but also electron transfer catalysts that activate H2 as a direct electron donor. Here, we report the reductive cyclopropanation of alkenes using an iridium electron storage catalyst with H2 as the electron source without releasing metal waste from the reductant. We discuss the catalytic mechanism with selectivity to give the trans-isomer. These findings are based on the isolation of three complexes and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Ogo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International
Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI Academy I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center
for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yatabe
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International
Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI Academy I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center
for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keishi Miyazawa
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International
Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI Academy I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yunosuke Hashimoto
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International
Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI Academy I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International
Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI Academy I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nakai
- Department
of Energy and Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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2
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Nishi K, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Chromium-catalyzed olefination of arylaldehydes with haloforms assisted by 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl- N, N'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-dihydropyrazine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:908-911. [PMID: 36594831 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chromium-catalyzed olefination of arylaldehydes with haloforms was achieved using 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-N,N'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-dihydropyrazine (1a) as an organic reducing agent, giving β-halostyrene derivatives in a trans-selective manner. The reaction required no metal powders, such as zinc and manganese, as reductants, thereby minimizing metal-based reaction waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Nishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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3
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Tsurugi H, Matsuno M, Kawakami T, Mashima K. Pyrazine Alkylation with Aldehydes and Haloalkanes Using N,N’‐Bis(trimethylsilyl)‐1,4‐dihydropyrazine Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Tsurugi
- Osaka University Department of Chemistry 1-3, Machikaneyama-cho 560-8531 Toyonaka JAPAN
| | | | | | - Kazushi Mashima
- Osaka University: Osaka Daigaku Pharmaceutical Sciences JAPAN
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4
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Ahmed J, Mandal SK. Phenalenyl Radical: Smallest Polycyclic Odd Alternant Hydrocarbon Present in the Graphene Sheet. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11369-11431. [PMID: 35561295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenalenyl, a zigzag-edged odd alternant hydrocarbon unit can be found in the graphene nanosheet. Hückel molecular orbital calculations indicate the presence of a nonbonding molecular orbital (NBMO), which originates from the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) arising from 13 carbon atoms of the phenalenyl molecule. Three redox states (cationic, neutral radical, and anionic) of the phenalenyl-based molecules were attributed to the presence of this NBMO. The cationic state can undergo two consecutive reductions to result in neutral radical and anionic states, stepwise, respectively. The phenalenyl-based radicals were found as crucial building blocks and attracted the attention of various research fields such as organic synthesis, material science, computation, and device physics. From 2012 onward, a strategy was devised using the cationic state of phenalenyl-based molecules and in situ generated phenalenyl radicals, which created a new domain of catalysis. The in situ generated phenalenyl radicals were utilized for the single electron transfer (SET) process resulting in redox catalysis. This emerging range of applications rejuvenates the more than six decades-old phenalenyl chemistry. This review captures such developments ranging from fundamental understanding to multidirectional applications of phenalenyl-based radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasimuddin Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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5
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Beagan DM, Cabelof AC. Recent advances in metal-mediated nitrogen oxyanion reduction using reductively borylated and silylated N-heterocycles. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2203-2213. [PMID: 35044399 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03740d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of nitrogen oxyanions is critical for the remediation of eutrophication caused by anthropogenic perturbations to the natural nitrogen cycle. There are many approaches to nitrogen oxyanion reduction, and here we report our advances in reductive deoxygenation using pre-reduced N-heterocycles. We show examples of nitrogen oxyanion reduction using Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn, and we evaluate the role of metal choice, number of coordinated oxyanions, and ancillary ligands on the reductive transformations. We report the experimental challenges faced and provide an outlook on new directions to repurpose nitrogen oxyanions into value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Beagan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Alyssa C Cabelof
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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6
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Sahoo P, Majumdar M. Reductively disilylated N-heterocycles as versatile organosilicon reagents. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1281-1296. [PMID: 34889336 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03331j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The reductively disilylated N-heterocyclic systems 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1-aza-2,5-cyclohexadiene (1Si), 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-dihydropyrazine (2Si) and its methyl derivatives (3Si and 4Si), and 1,1'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-4,4'-bipyridinylidene (5Si) are proficient organosilicon reagents owing to their low first vertical ionization potentials and the heterophilicity of the polarized N-Si bonds. These have prompted their reactivity as two-electron reductants or reductive silylations. These reactions benefit from the concomitant rearomatization of the N-heterocycles and liberation of trimethylsilyl halides or (Me3Si)2O, which are mostly volatile or easily removable byproducts. In this perspective, we have discussed the utilization of these reductively disilylated N-heterocyclic systems as versatile reagents in the salt-free reduction of transition metals (A) and main-group halides (B), in organic transformations (C) and in materials syntheses (D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India.
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7
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Wei N, Yang D, Zhao J, Mei T, Zhang Y, Wang B, Qu J. Structure and Methylene Transfer Reactivity of Thiolate-Bridged Dichromium Methylene Complexes Derived from Dihalomethane via Cleavage of Two Carbon–Halogen Bonds. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nianmin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Chakraborty S, Das A, Ahmed J, Barman S, Mandal SK. Designing a Cr-catalyst bearing redox non-innocent phenalenyl-based ligand towards hydrosilylative CO 2 functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13788-13791. [PMID: 33073795 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05348a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of a Cr(iii)-complex bearing a redox non-innocent phenalenyl-based ligand and its use as a catalyst for SET mediated hydrosilylative reduction of carbon dioxide towards formylation of primary amides under mild conditions. A preliminary mechanistic picture for this transformation has been proposed by isolation and characterization of several reactive intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India.
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9
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Bauer A, Di Mauro G, Li J, Maulide N. An α-Cyclopropanation of Carbonyl Derivatives by Oxidative Umpolung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18208-18212. [PMID: 32808419 PMCID: PMC7589340 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of iodine(III) reagents towards nucleophiles is often associated with umpolung and cationic mechanisms. Herein, we report a general process converting a range of ketone derivatives into α-cyclopropanated ketones by oxidative umpolung. Mechanistic investigation and careful characterization of side products revealed that the reaction follows an unexpected pathway and suggests the intermediacy of non-classical carbocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Bauer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Giovanni Di Mauro
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Jing Li
- Department of ChemistryTohoku UniversityAoba-ku980-8578SendaiJapan
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
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10
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Wood AB, Cortes-Clerget M, Kincaid JRA, Akkachairin B, Singhania V, Gallou F, Lipshutz BH. Nickel Nanoparticle Catalyzed Mono- and Di-Reductions of gem-Dibromocyclopropanes Under Mild, Aqueous Micellar Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17587-17593. [PMID: 32579762 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mild mono- and di-hydrodehalogenative reductions of gem-dibromocyclopropanes are described, providing an easy and green approach towards the synthesis of cyclopropanes. The methodology utilizes 0.5-5 mol % TMPhen-nickel as the catalyst, which, when activated with a hydride source such as sodium borohydride, cleanly and selectively dehalogenates dibromocyclopropanes. Double reduction proceeds in a single operation at temperatures between 20-45 °C and at atmospheric pressure in an aqueous designer surfactant medium. At lower loading and either in the absence of ligand or in the presence of 2,2'-bipyridine, this new technology can also be used to gain access to not only monobrominated cyclopropanes, interesting building blocks for further use in synthesis, but also mono- or di-deuterated analogues. Taken together, this base-metal-catalyzed process provides access to cyclopropyl-containing products and is achieved under environmentally responsible conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Margery Cortes-Clerget
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Joseph R A Kincaid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Bhornrawin Akkachairin
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Vani Singhania
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | | | - Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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11
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Bauer A, Di Mauro G, Li J, Maulide N. An α‐Cyclopropanation of Carbonyl Derivatives by Oxidative Umpolung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Bauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Giovanni Di Mauro
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry Tohoku University Aoba-ku 980-8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria
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12
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Wood AB, Cortes‐Clerget M, Kincaid JRA, Akkachairin B, Singhania V, Gallou F, Lipshutz BH. Nickel Nanoparticle Catalyzed Mono‐ and Di‐Reductions of
gem
‐Dibromocyclopropanes Under Mild, Aqueous Micellar Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex B. Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Margery Cortes‐Clerget
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Joseph R. A. Kincaid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Bhornrawin Akkachairin
- Program on Chemical Biology Chulabhorn Graduate Institute Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT) Ministry of Education 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
| | - Vani Singhania
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | | | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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