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Gupta R, Malik A, Kumari K, Singh SK, Vivier V, Mondal PC. Metal-free platforms for molecular thin films as high-performance supercapacitors. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8775-8785. [PMID: 38873075 PMCID: PMC11168099 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlling chemical functionalization and achieving stable electrode-molecule interfaces for high-performance electrochemical energy storage applications remain challenging tasks. Herein, we present a simple, controllable, scalable, and versatile electrochemical modification approach of graphite rods (GRs) extracted from low-cost Eveready cells that were covalently modified with anthracene oligomers. The anthracene oligomers with a total layer thickness of ∼24 nm on the GR electrode yield a remarkable specific capacitance of ∼670 F g-1 with good galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling stability (10 000) recorded in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. Such a boost in capacitance is attributed mainly to two contributions: (i) an electrical double-layer at the anthracene oligomer/GR/electrolyte interfaces, and (ii) the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction, which ensures a substantial faradaic contribution to the total capacitance. Due to the higher conductivity of the anthracene films, it possesses more azo groups (-N[double bond, length as m-dash]N-) during the electrochemical growth of the oligomer films compared to pyrene and naphthalene oligomers, which is key to PCET reactions. AC-based electrical studies unravel the in-depth charge interfacial electrical behavior of anthracene-grafted electrodes. Asymmetrical solid-state supercapacitor devices were made using anthracene-modified biomass-derived porous carbon, which showed improved performance with a specific capacitance of ∼155 F g-1 at 2 A g-1 with an energy density of 5.8 W h kg-1 at a high-power density of 2010 W kg-1 and powered LED lighting for a longer period. The present work provides a promising metal-free approach in developing organic thin-film hybrid capacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
| | - Ankur Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
| | - Kusum Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Telangana 502285 India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Telangana 502285 India
| | - Vincent Vivier
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, Sorbonne Université 4 place Jussieu Paris 75005 Cedex 05 France
| | - Prakash Chandra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
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2
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Wang H, Lei C, Liu T, Xu C, He X, Liang X. Rocking-Chair Aqueous Fluoride-Ion Batteries Enabled by Hydrogen Bonding Competition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401483. [PMID: 38488325 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous fluoride ion batteries (FIBs) have garnered attention for their high theoretical energy density, yet they are challenged by sluggish fluorination kinetics, active material dissolution, and electrolyte instability. Here, we present a room temperature rocking-chair aqueous FIBs featuring KOAc-KF binary salt electrolytes, enabling concurrent fluorination and defluorination reactions at both cathode and anode electrodes. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that acetate ions in the electrolyte compete with fluoride ions in hydrogen bonding formation, weakening the excessively strong solvation between H2O and F- ions. This results in the suppression of detrimental HF formation and a reduced desolvation energy of F- ions, enhancing the electrochemical reaction kinetics. The bismuth-based cathode exhibits direct conversion in the optimized electrolyte, effectively suppressing the detrimental disproportionation reactions from Bi2+ intermediates. Additionally, zinc anode undergoes a typical fluorination process, forming solid KZnF3 as the electrode product, minimizing the risks of hydrogen evolution. The proposed aqueous FIBs with the optimized electrolyte demonstrate high discharge capacity, long-term cycling stability and excellent rate capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Chengjun Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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3
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Qin M, Zeng Z, Wu Q, Liu X, Liu Q, Cheng S, Xie J. 4-Fluorobenzyl cyanide, a sterically-hindered solvent expediting interfacial kinetics in lithium-ion batteries. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6106-6114. [PMID: 38665543 PMCID: PMC11040655 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00013g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is plagued by sluggish interfacial kinetics. Fortunately, the Li+ solvation structure bridges the bulk electrolyte and interfacial chemistry, providing a pathway for promoting electrochemical kinetics in LIBs. Herein, we improve the interfacial kinetics by tuning the Li+ coordination chemistry based on solvent molecular engineering. Specifically, 4-fluorobenzyl cyanide (FBCN), featuring steric hindrance and a weak Lewis basic center, is designed to construct a bulky coordination structure with Li+, weakening ion-dipole interaction (Li+-solvents) but promoting coulombic attraction (Li+-anions) at a normal Li salt concentration. This sterically-controlled solvation chemistry reduces the interfacial barrier and thus contributes to improved rate performance, as demonstrated practically in LiFePO4//graphite pouch cells. This study provides fresh insights into solvent steric control and coordination chemistry engineering, opening a new avenue for enhancing electrochemical kinetics in LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Ziqi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Qijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Shijie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Jia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
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4
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Papaderakis AA, Roh JS, Polus K, Yang J, Bissett MA, Walton A, Juel A, Dryfe RAW. Dielectric-free electrowetting on graphene. Faraday Discuss 2023; 246:307-321. [PMID: 37409473 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00037k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrowetting is a simple way to induce the spreading and retraction of electrolyte droplets. This method is widely used in "device" applications, where a dielectric layer is applied between the electrolyte and the conducting substrate. Recent work, including contributions from our own laboratory, have shown that reversible electrowetting can be achieved directly on conductors. We have shown that graphite surfaces, in particular when combined with highly concentrated electrolyte solutions, show a strong wetting effect. The process is driven by the interactions between the electrolyte ions and the surface, hence models of double-layer capacitance are able to explain changes in the equilibrium contact angles. Herein, we extend the approach to the investigation of electrowetting on graphene samples of varying thickness, prepared by chemical vapor deposition. We show that the use of highly concentrated aqueous electrolytes induces a clear yet subtle electrowetting response due to the adsorption of ions and the suppression of the negative effect introduced by the surface impurities accumulating during the transfer process. The latter have been previously reported to fully hinder electrowetting at lower electrolyte concentrations. An amplified wetting response is recorded in the presence of strongly adsorbed/intercalated anions in both aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. The phenomenon is interpreted based on the anion-graphene interactions and their influence on the energetics of the interface. By monitoring the dynamics of wetting, an irreversible behaviour is identified in all cases as a consequence of the irreversibility of anion adsorption and/or intercalation. Finally, the effect of the underlying reactions on the timescales of wetting is also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios A Papaderakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ji Soo Roh
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Kacper Polus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mark A Bissett
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alex Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Anne Juel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Robert A W Dryfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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5
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Coria-Oriundo LL, Debais G, Apuzzo E, Herrera SE, Ceolín M, Azzaroni O, Battaglini F, Tagliazucchi M. Phase Behavior and Electrochemical Properties of Highly Asymmetric Redox Coacervates. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7636-7647. [PMID: 37639479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c03680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the phase behavior and electrochemical properties of liquid coacervates made of ferricyanide and poly(ethylenimine). In contrast to the typical polyanion/polycation pairs used in liquid coacervates, the ferricyanide/poly(ethylenimine) system is highly asymmetric because poly(ethylenimine) has approximately 170 charges per molecule, while ferricyanide has only 3. Two types of phase diagrams were measured and fitted with a theoretical model. In the first type of diagram, the stability of the coacervate was studied in the plane given by the concentration of poly(ethylenimine) versus the concentration of ferricyanide for a fixed concentration of added monovalent salt (NaCl). The second type of diagram involved the plane given by the concentration of poly(ethylenimine) vs the concentration of the added monovalent salt for a fixed poly(ethyleneimine)/ferricyanide ratio. Interestingly, these phase diagrams displayed qualitative similarities to those of symmetric polyanion/polycation systems, suggesting that coacervates formed by a polyelectrolyte and a small multivalent ion can be treated as a specific case of polyelectrolyte coacervate. The characterization of the electrochemical properties of the coacervate revealed that the addition of monovalent salt greatly enhances charge transport, presumably by breaking ion pairs between ferricyanide and poly(ethylenimine). This finding highlights the significant influence of added salt on the transport properties of coacervates. This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of the phase behavior and transport properties of asymmetric coacervates and places these results within the broader context of the better-known symmetric polyelectrolyte coacervates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy L Coria-Oriundo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica Analítica y Química Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química de los Materiales, Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET─Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Debais
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica Analítica y Química Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química de los Materiales, Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET─Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Apuzzo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA-CONICET), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 y Diag. 113, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Santiago E Herrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica Analítica y Química Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química de los Materiales, Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET─Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Ceolín
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA-CONICET), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 y Diag. 113, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA-CONICET), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 y Diag. 113, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando Battaglini
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica Analítica y Química Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química de los Materiales, Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET─Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Tagliazucchi
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica Analítica y Química Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química de los Materiales, Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET─Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Phukhrongthung A, Iamprasertkun P, Bunpheng A, Saisopa T, Umpuch C, Puchongkawarin C, Sawangphruk M, Luanwuthi S. Oil palm leaf-derived hierarchical porous carbon for "water-in-salt" based supercapacitors: the effect of anions (Cl - and TFSI -) in superconcentrated conditions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24432-24444. [PMID: 37593665 PMCID: PMC10427977 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03152g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the use of a hierarchical porous carbon electrode derived from oil palm leaves in a "water-in-salt" supercapacitor. The impact of anion identity on the electrical performance of the carbon electrode was also explored. The results show that the prepared carbon had a hierarchical porous structure with a high surface area of up to 1840 m2 g-1. When a 20 m LiTFSI electrolyte was used, the carbon electrode had a specific capacitance of 176 F g-1 with a wider potential window of about 2.6 V, whereas the use of a cheaper 20 m LiCl electrolyte showed a higher specific capacitance of 331 F g-1 due to the smaller size of the Cl- anion, which enabled inner capacitance. Therefore, the anion identity has an effect on the electrochemical performance of porous carbon, and this research contributes to the understanding of using "water-in-salt" electrolytes in carbon-based supercapacitors. The study's findings provide insights into developing low-cost, high-performance supercapacitors that can operate in a wider voltage range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Phukhrongthung
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ubon Ratchathani University Ubon Ratchathani 34190 Thailand +66 935397469
| | - Pawin Iamprasertkun
- School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Aritsa Bunpheng
- School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Thanit Saisopa
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
| | - Chakkrit Umpuch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ubon Ratchathani University Ubon Ratchathani 34190 Thailand
| | - Channarong Puchongkawarin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ubon Ratchathani University Ubon Ratchathani 34190 Thailand
| | - Montree Sawangphruk
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Santamon Luanwuthi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ubon Ratchathani University Ubon Ratchathani 34190 Thailand +66 935397469
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7
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Deerattrakul V, Sakulaue P, Bunpheng A, Kraithong W, Pengsawang A, Chakthranont P, Iamprasertkun P, Itthibenchapong V. Introducing Hydrophilic Cellulose Nanofiber as a Bio-Separator for “Water-In-Salt” Based Energy Storage Devices. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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8
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Papaderakis AA, Al Nasser HA, Chen JY, Juel A, Dryfe RA. Deciphering the mechanism of electrowetting on conductors with immiscible electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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9
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Kim J, Lee S, Lee D, Yoo SJ. Beyond conventional aqueous electrolytes: Recent developments in Li‐free “water‐in‐salt” electrolytes for supercapacitors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongyoon Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju South Korea
| | - Subin Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju South Korea
| | - Dongwook Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hongik University Seoul South Korea
| | - Seung Joon Yoo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju South Korea
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10
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Pan B, Valappil MO, Rateick R, Clarkson CR, Tong X, Debuhr C, Ghanizadeh A, Birss VI. Hydrophobic nanoporous carbon scaffolds reveal the origin of polarity-dependent electrocapillary imbibition. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1372-1385. [PMID: 36794181 PMCID: PMC9906640 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05705k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An engineered nanoporous carbon scaffold (NCS) consisting of a 3-D interconnected 85 nm nanopore network was used here as a model material to investigate the nanoscale transport of liquids as a function of the polarity and magnitude of an applied potential ('electro-imbibition'), all in 1 M KCl solution. A camera was used to track both meniscus formation and meniscus jump, front motion dynamics, and droplet expulsion, while also quantifying the electrocapillary imbibition height (H) as a function of the applied potential of the NCS material. Although no imbibition was seen over a wide range of potentials, at positive potentials (+1.2 V vs. the potential of zero charge (pzc)), imbibition was correlated with carbon surface electro-oxidation, as confirmed by both electrochemistry and post-imbibition surface analysis, with gas evolution (O2, CO2) seen visually only after imbibition was well underway. At negative potentials, vigorous hydrogen evolution reaction was observed at the NCS/KCl solution interface, well before imbibition began at -0.5 Vpzc, proposed to be nucleated by an electrical double layer charging-driven meniscus jump, followed by processes such as Marangoni flow, adsorption induced deformation, and hydrogen pressure driven flow. This study improves the understanding of electrocapillary imbibition at the nanoscale, being highly relevant in a wide range of multidisciplinary practical applications, including in energy storage and conversion devices, energy-efficient desalination, and electrical-integrated nanofluidics design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Pan
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing10083China,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of CalgaryCalgaryT2N 1N4ABCanada
| | | | | | | | - Xia Tong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Chris Debuhr
- Department of Geoscience, University of CalgaryCalgaryT2N 1N4ABCanada
| | - Amin Ghanizadeh
- Department of Geoscience, University of CalgaryCalgaryT2N 1N4ABCanada
| | - Viola I. Birss
- Department of Chemistry, University of CalgaryCalgaryT2N 1N4ABCanada
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11
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A long-life aqueous Fluoride-ion battery based on Water-in-salt electrolyte. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Papaderakis AA, Polus K, Kant P, Box F, Etcheverry B, Byrne C, Quinn M, Walton A, Juel A, Dryfe RAW. Taming Electrowetting Using Highly Concentrated Aqueous Solutions. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:21071-21083. [PMID: 36561202 PMCID: PMC9761672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c06517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wetting of carbon surfaces is one of the most widespread, yet poorly understood, physical phenomena. Control over wetting properties underpins the operation of aqueous energy-storage devices and carbon-based filtration systems. Electrowetting, the variation in the contact angle with an applied potential, is the most straightforward way of introducing control over wetting. Here, we study electrowetting directly on graphitic surfaces with the use of aqueous electrolytes to show that reversible control of wetting can be achieved and quantitatively understood using models of the interfacial capacitance. We manifest that the use of highly concentrated aqueous electrolytes induces a fully symmetric and reversible wetting behavior without degradation of the substrate within the unprecedented potential window of 2.8 V. We demonstrate where the classical "Young-Lippmann" models apply, and break down, and discuss reasons for the latter, establishing relations among the applied bias, the electrolyte concentration, and the resultant contact angle. The approach is extended to electrowetting at the liquid|liquid interface, where a concentrated aqueous electrolyte drives reversibly the electrowetting response of an insulating organic phase with a significantly decreased potential threshold. In summary, this study highlights the beneficial effect of highly concentrated aqueous electrolytes on the electrowettability of carbon surfaces, being directly related to the performance of carbon-based aqueous energy-storage systems and electronic and microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios A. Papaderakis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Henry
Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kacper Polus
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Photon
Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Pallav Kant
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Manchester Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Finn Box
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Manchester Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Bruno Etcheverry
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Manchester Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Conor Byrne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Photon
Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Quinn
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Manchester Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Alex Walton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Photon
Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Juel
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Manchester Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Robert A. W. Dryfe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Henry
Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
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13
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Zhu F, Zou Y, Hua L, Peng X, Zhang W. Redox potential regulated by electrolyte concentration: A case study of electrochemical oxidation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl. Electrochem commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2022.107374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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14
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Zhao J, Gorbatovski G, Oll O, Anderson E, Lust E. Influence of water on the electrochemical characteristics and nanostructure of Bi(hkl)│Ionic liquid interface. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Duan K, Ning J, Zhou L, Wang S, Wang Q, Liu J, Guo Z. Synergistic Inorganic-Organic Dual-Additive Electrolytes Enable Practical High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10447-10456. [PMID: 35179877 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Severe electrolyte decomposition under high voltage can easily lead to degradation of the performance of lithium-ion batteries, which has become a major obstacle to the practical application of high-energy-density batteries. To solve these problems, a dual-functional electrolyte additive comprising inorganic lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) and organic 1,3,6-hexanetrinitrile (HTN) was designed and employed to improve the performance of high-voltage Si@C/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 full batteries. LiDFP with a lower LUMO energy than the solvent in the electrolyte takes priority in reduction, facilitating the formation of a dense and stable film on the anode, effectively suppressing side reactions of the electrolyte and aiding tolerance to the volume expansion of the Si@C electrode. Additionally, the lower HOMO energy of HTN can improve the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte, with the C≡N functional group of HTN helping to remove the trace water and the byproduct HF from the electrolyte. The Si@C/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 full battery with 1 wt % LiDFP and 1 wt % HTN in 1.0 M LiPF6 traditional electrolyte delivers high capacity retention of 91.57% after 150 cycles at 0.2C, compared to 34.58% capacity retention without any additives. Moreover, the Coulombic efficiency of batteries with electrolyte additives can reach 99.75% on average, compared to their counterparts at ∼96.54%. The synergistic effect of LiDFP and HTN provides a promising strategy for enhancing the performance of high-voltage batteries for practical industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijia Duan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry & Ministry of Educational Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jingrong Ning
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry & Ministry of Educational Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Lai Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry & Ministry of Educational Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry & Ministry of Educational Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Hubei WanRun New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Shiyan 442500, China
| | - Jianwen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry & Ministry of Educational Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Hubei WanRun New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Shiyan 442500, China
| | - Zaiping Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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16
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Nualchimplee C, Jitapunkul K, Deerattrakul V, Thaweechai T, Sirisaksoontorn W, Hirunpinyopas W, Iamprasertkun P. Auto-oxidation of exfoliated MoS 2 in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone: from 2D nanosheets to 3D nanorods. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05384a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have therefore introduced a novel preparation route for MoO3 nanorods from exfoliated 2H-MoS2 via the auto-oxidation of a mixture of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and water via the sonication-assisted exfoliation of MoS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakrit Nualchimplee
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Kulpavee Jitapunkul
- School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Varisara Deerattrakul
- National Nanotechnology Centre (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Department Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | | | - Weekit Sirisaksoontorn
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Wisit Hirunpinyopas
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pawin Iamprasertkun
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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17
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A Review: Ion Transport of Two-Dimensional Materials in Novel Technologies from Macro to Nanoscopic Perspectives. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14185819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ion transport is a significant concept that underlies a variety of technologies including membrane technology, energy storages, optical, chemical, and biological sensors and ion-mobility exploration techniques. These applications are based on the concepts of capacitance and ion transport, so a prior understanding of capacitance and ion transport phenomena is crucial. In this review, the principles of capacitance and ion transport are described from a theoretical and practical point of view. The review covers the concepts of Helmholtz capacitance, diffuse layer capacitance and space charge capacitance, which is also referred to as quantum capacitance in low-dimensional materials. These concepts are attributed to applications in the electrochemical technologies such as energy storage and excitable ion sieving in membranes. This review also focuses on the characteristic role of channel heights (from micrometer to angstrom scales) in ion transport. Ion transport technologies can also be used in newer applications including biological sensors and multifunctional microsupercapacitors. This review improves our understanding of ion transport phenomena and demonstrates various applications that is applicable of the continued development in the technologies described.
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18
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Finney AR, McPherson IJ, Unwin PR, Salvalaglio M. Electrochemistry, ion adsorption and dynamics in the double layer: a study of NaCl(aq) on graphite. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11166-11180. [PMID: 34522314 PMCID: PMC8386640 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02289j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphite and related sp2 carbons are ubiquitous electrode materials with particular promise for use in e.g., energy storage and desalination devices, but very little is known about the properties of the carbon–electrolyte double layer at technologically relevant concentrations. Here, the (electrified) graphite–NaCl(aq) interface was examined using constant chemical potential molecular dynamics (CμMD) simulations; this approach avoids ion depletion (due to surface adsorption) and maintains a constant concentration, electroneutral bulk solution beyond the surface. Specific Na+ adsorption at the graphite basal surface causes charging of the interface in the absence of an applied potential. At moderate bulk concentrations, this leads to accumulation of counter-ions in a diffuse layer to balance the effective surface charge, consistent with established models of the electrical double layer. Beyond ∼0.6 M, however, a combination of over-screening and ion crowding in the double layer results in alternating compact layers of charge density perpendicular to the interface. The transition to this regime is marked by an increasing double layer size and anomalous negative shifts to the potential of zero charge with incremental changes to the bulk concentration. Our observations are supported by changes to the position of the differential capacitance minimum measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and are explained in terms of the screening behaviour and asymmetric ion adsorption. Furthermore, a striking level of agreement between the differential capacitance from solution evaluated in simulations and measured in experiments allows us to critically assess electrochemical capacitance measurements which have previously been considered to report simply on the density of states of the graphite material at the potential of zero charge. Our work shows that the solution side of the double layer provides the more dominant contribution to the overall measured capacitance. Finally, ion crowding at the highest concentrations (beyond ∼5 M) leads to the formation of liquid-like NaCl clusters confined to highly non-ideal regions of the double layer, where ion diffusion is up to five times slower than in the bulk. The implications of changes to the speciation of ions on reactive events in the double layer are discussed. CμMD reveals multi-layer electrolyte screening in the double layer beyond 0.6 M, which affects ion activities, speciation and mobility; asymmetric charge screening explains concentration dependent changes to electrochemical properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Finney
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Ian J McPherson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Matteo Salvalaglio
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London London WC1E 7JE UK
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19
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Amiri M, Bélanger D. Zinc Electrodeposition in Acetate‐based Water‐in‐Salt Electrolyte: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Amiri
- Département de Chimie Université du Québec à Montréal Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Québec Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Daniel Bélanger
- Département de Chimie Université du Québec à Montréal Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Québec Canada H3C 3P8
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20
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Chomkhuntod P, Iamprasertkun P, Chiochan P, Suktha P, Sawangphruk M. Scalable 18,650 aqueous-based supercapacitors using hydrophobicity concept of anti-corrosion graphite passivation layer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13082. [PMID: 34158599 PMCID: PMC8219742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Scalable aqueous-based supercapacitors are ideal as future energy storage technologies due to their great safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the corrosion of metal current collectors e.g., aluminium (Al) foil in aqueous solutions limits their practical applications. In this work, we demonstrate a low-cost, scalable, and simple method to prepare an anti-corrosion current collector using a concept of hydrophobicity by coating the hydrophobic graphite passivation layer on the Al foil via a roll-to-roll coating technology at the semi-automation scale of production pilot plant of 18,650 cylindrical supercapacitor cells. All qualities of materials, electrodes, and production process are therefore in the quality control as the same level of commercial supercapacitors. In addition, the effects of the graphite coating layer have been fundamentally evaluated. We have found that the graphite-coated layer can improve the interfacial contact without air void space between the activated carbon active material layer and the Al foil current collector. Importantly, it can suppress the corrosion and the formation of resistive oxide film resulting in better rate capability and excellent cycling stability without capacitance loss after long cycling. The scalable supercapacitor prototypes here in this work may pave the way to practical 18,650 supercapacitors for sustainable energy storage systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praeploy Chomkhuntod
- Centre of Excellence for Energy Storage Technology (CEST), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Pawin Iamprasertkun
- Centre of Excellence for Energy Storage Technology (CEST), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand.,Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Poramane Chiochan
- Centre of Excellence for Energy Storage Technology (CEST), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Phansiri Suktha
- Centre of Excellence for Energy Storage Technology (CEST), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Montree Sawangphruk
- Centre of Excellence for Energy Storage Technology (CEST), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand.
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21
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Amiri M, Bélanger D. Physicochemical and Electrochemical Properties of Water-in-Salt Electrolytes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2487-2500. [PMID: 33973406 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous electrolytes are attractive for applications in electrochemical technologies due to features like being eco-friendly, cost effective, and non-flammable. Very recently, superconcentrated aqueous electrolytes, such as so-called water-in-salt, water-in-bisalt, and hydrate melt, have received a significant attention for electrochemical energy storage due to enhanced stability and much wider electrochemical stability window. This Review focuses on the physicochemical properties of the highly concentrated electrolytes that are derived from several analysis techniques and simulation. A summary of most common features such as ions-water interactions, structure of species present in the electrolyte, conductivity, and viscosity of the electrolytes found in the literature are presented as well. In addition, this Review explains how these characteristics affect the electrochemical behavior of the electrolyte such as double layer structure and electrode/electrolyte interface leading to enhanced electrochemical stability of aqueous electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Amiri
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Daniel Bélanger
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
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22
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Iamprasertkun P, Hirunpinyopas W, Deerattrakul V, Sawangphruk M, Nualchimplee C. Controlling the flake size of bifunctional 2D WSe 2 nanosheets as flexible binders and supercapacitor materials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:653-660. [PMID: 36133846 PMCID: PMC9418638 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00592d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A new approach using graphene as a conductive binder in electrical supercapacitors has recently been proposed. Graphene shows outstanding properties as a conductive binder, and can be used to replace conductive, additive, and polymer binders. However, graphene follows an EDLC behaviour, which may limit its electrochemical performance. In the process described in this work, we introduced WSe2 nanoflakes as a new approach to using pseudocapacitive materials as binders. The WSe2 nanoflakes were produced through liquid phase exfoliation of bulk WSe2, and the flake size was finely selected using a controlled centrifugation speed. The physical and electrochemical properties of the exfoliated WSe2 flakes were analysed; it was found that the smallest flakes (an average flake size of 106 nm) showed outstanding electrochemical properties, expanding our understanding of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials, and we were able to demonstrate the applicability of using WSe2 as a binder in supercapacitor electrodes. We also successfully replaced conductive additives and polymer binders with WSe2. The overall performance was improved: capacitance was enhanced by 35%, charge transfer resistance reduced by 73%, and self-discharge potential improved by 9%. This study provides an alternative application of using TMD materials as pseudo capacitive binders, which should lead to the continued development of energy storage technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawin Iamprasertkun
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Centre of Excellence for Energy Storage Technology (CEST), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Wisit Hirunpinyopas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Varisara Deerattrakul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Montree Sawangphruk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Centre of Excellence for Energy Storage Technology (CEST), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Chakrit Nualchimplee
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
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