1
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Choi T, Kim H, Kim Y, Lee D. Urea-fused and π-extended single-benzene fluorophores with ultralarge Stokes shifts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9105-9108. [PMID: 39109405 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03389b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The excited-state tautomer equilibrium of the urea-fused single-benzene fluorophore was synthetically modulated to produce exceptionally large Stokes shifts (>12 400 cm-1). The key N-H⋯N hydrogen bonding motif utilizes an endogenous proton for long-wavelength emission or an exogenous proton for acid-base chemistry, the balance of which is exploited for fluorescence switching in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyeon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Heechan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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2
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Cabello MC, Chen G, Melville MJ, Osman R, Kumar GD, Domaille DW, Lippert AR. Ex Tenebris Lux: Illuminating Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species with Small Molecule Probes. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39137397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are small reactive molecules derived from elements in the air─oxygen and nitrogen. They are produced in biological systems to mediate fundamental aspects of cellular signaling but must be very tightly balanced to prevent indiscriminate damage to biological molecules. Small molecule probes can transmute the specific nature of each reactive oxygen and nitrogen species into an observable luminescent signal (or even an acoustic wave) to offer sensitive and selective imaging in living cells and whole animals. This review focuses specifically on small molecule probes for superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite that provide a luminescent or photoacoustic signal. Important background information on general photophysical phenomena, common probe designs, mechanisms, and imaging modalities will be provided, and then, probes for each analyte will be thoroughly evaluated. A discussion of the successes of the field will be presented, followed by recommendations for improvement and a future outlook of emerging trends. Our objectives are to provide an informative, useful, and thorough field guide to small molecule probes for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as important context to compare the ecosystem of chemistries and molecular scaffolds that has manifested within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidileyvis C Cabello
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Gen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Michael J Melville
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rokia Osman
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - G Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Dylan W Domaille
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alexander R Lippert
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
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3
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Wang X, Shi G, Xu S, Sun Y, Qiu H, Wang Q, Han X, Zhang Q, Zhang T, Hu HY. Unravelling Immune-Inflammatory Responses and Lysosomal Adaptation: Insights from Two-Photon Excited Delayed Fluorescence Imaging. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304223. [PMID: 38407490 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation (TPE) microscopy with near-infrared (NIR) emission has emerged as a promising technique for deep-tissue optical imaging. Recent developments in fluorescence lifetime imaging with long-lived emission probes have further enhanced the spatial resolution and precision of fluorescence imaging, especially in complex systems with short-lived background signals. In this study, two innovative lysosome-targeting probes, Cz-NA and tCz-NA, are introduced. These probes offer a combination of advantages, including TPE (λex = 880 nm), NIR emission (λem = 650 nm), and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with long-lived lifetimes (1.05 and 1.71 µs, respectively). These characteristics significantly improve the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio in deep-tissue imaging. By integrating an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) device with TPE microscopy, the authors successfully applied Cz-NA in two-photon excited delayed fluorescence (TPEDF) imaging to track lysosomal adaptation and immune responses to inflammation in mice. This study sheds light on the relationship between lysosome tubulation, innate immune responses, and inflammation in vivo, providing valuable insights for the development of autofluorescence-free molecular probes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Gaona Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shengnan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuansheng Sun
- Flourescence Products, ISS, Inc., 1602 Newton Drive, Champaign, IL 61822, USA
| | - Hailin Qiu
- Department of Fluorescence Test Technology, Orient KOJI Ltd., Tianjin, 300122, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaowan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tiantai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hai-Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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4
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Queiroz M, Alves TV, Rivelino R, Canuto S. Influence of Solvents and Halogenation on ESIPT of Benzimidazole Derivatives for Designing Turn-on Fluorescence Probes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:22102-22111. [PMID: 38799309 PMCID: PMC11112562 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This work reports a theoretical investigation of the solvent polarity as well as the halogenation of benzimidazole derivatives during excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). It details how the environment and halogen substitution may contribute to the efficiency of ESIPT upon keto-enol tautomerism and exploits this effect to design fluorescence sensing. For this purpose, we first examine the conformational equilibrium of benzimidazole derivatives containing different halogen atoms, which results in intramolecular proton transfer, using density-functional theory (DFT) combined with the polarizable continuum model (PCM). Then we evaluate the fluorescence of the benzimidazole derivatives in different dielectric constants within time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approaches. Our results quantitatively allow the determination of large Stokes shifts in nonpolar solvents around 100 nm. These theoretical results are in agreement with experimental solvatochromism studies of benzimidazoles. The effect of halogenation, with fluorine, chlorine, and bromine, is less important than solvent polarization when ESIPT takes place. Thus, halogenation can be properly chosen depending on the interest of the synthesis of benzimidazole-based turn-on fluorescence in appropriate solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murillo
H. Queiroz
- Departamento
de Físico-Química, Instituto
de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Salvador, Bahia 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Tiago V. Alves
- Departamento
de Físico-Química, Instituto
de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Salvador, Bahia 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Roberto Rivelino
- Instituto
de Física, Universidade Federal da
Bahia, Salvador, Bahia 40210-340, Brazil
| | - Sylvio Canuto
- Instituto
de Física, Universidade de São
Paulo, CP 66318, São Paulo, São Paulo 05315-970, Brazil
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5
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Bhattacharyya A, Das A, Guchhait N. Investigating the Photophysical Aspects of a Naphthalene-Based Excited-State Proton Transfer Dye 1-(1 H-Benzo[ d]imidazol-2-yl)naphthalen-2-ol: pH-Dependent Modulation of Photodynamics. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38687998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The steady state and time-resolved photophysical behavior of a proton transfer dye 1-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)naphthalen-2-ol (H-BINO) was investigated. The excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction in H-BINO is predominant in nonpolar solutions (toluene and DCM) with a lifetime of ∼1.0 ns. However, in polar media (DMF and MeOH), the excited state photodynamics is characterized by a complex equilibrium of emission from the locally excited state (0.1-2.3 ns), the phototautomer (0.5-1.2 ns), and the anionic emission (2.1-5.4 ns). In the solid state, emission from the various aggregated states dictates the photobehavior. Interestingly, the photodynamics in aqueous solution changes starkly as a function of pH with the anionic (2.1 ns) and phototautomeric (0.5-1.0 ns) emissions guiding the photodynamics as the pH of the medium increases. Optimized structural parameters at the proton donor and acceptor sites for the enol and keto forms and the calculated potential energy curve along the proton transfer coordinate at the density functional theory (DFT) level with the B3LYP/6-311G++(d,p) theory support a favorable and barrierless ESIPT process. The current results will surely boost the ongoing research on small molecule emissive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akash Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Nikhil Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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6
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Ji Y, Liu S, Zhang J, Qu L, Wu J, Liu H, Cheng Z. Construction of HPQ-based activatable fluorescent probe for peroxynitrite and its application in ferroptosis and mice model of LPS-induced inflammation. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106650. [PMID: 37302314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As one of the important members of reactive oxygen species, ONOO- plays a crucial role in signal transduction, immune response, and other physiological activities. Aberrant changes in ONOO- levels in the living organism are usually associated with many diseases. Therefore, it is important to establish a highly selective and sensitive method for the determination of ONOO- in vivo. Herein, we designed a novel ratio near-infrared fluorescent probe for ONOO- by directly conjugating dicyanoisophorone (DCI) to hydroxyphenyl-quinazolinone (HPQ). Surprisingly, HPQD was unaffected by environmental viscosity and responded rapidly to ONOO- within 40 s. The linear range of ONOO- detection was from 0 μM to 35 μM. Impressively, HPQD did not react with reactive oxygen species and was sensitive to exogenous/endogenous ONOO- in live cells. We also investigated the relationship between ONOO- and ferroptosis and achieved in vivo diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of mice model of LPS-induced inflammation, which showed promising prospects of HPQD in ONOO--related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Ji
- Department of Radiotherapy, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Linruikang Qu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jinsheng Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Ziyi Cheng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
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7
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Li J, Xu J, Zhang W, Li P, Zhang W, Wang H, Tang B. Detection and Imaging of Active Substances in Early Atherosclerotic Lesions Using Fluorescent Probes. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300105. [PMID: 36898970 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a vascular disease caused by chronic inflammation and lipids that is the main cause of myocardial infarction, stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is often difficult to detect in its early stages due to the absence of clinically significant vascular stenosis. This is not conducive to early intervention or treatment of the disease. Over the past decade, researchers have developed various imaging methods for the detection and imaging of atherosclerosis. At the same time, more and more biomarkers are being found that can be used as targets for detecting atherosclerosis. Therefore, the development of a variety of imaging methods and a variety of targeted imaging probes is an important project to achieve early assessment and treatment of atherosclerosis. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the optical probes used to detect and target atherosclerosis imaging in recent years, and describes the current challenges and future development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for, Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jiheng Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for, Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for, Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for, Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for, Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for, Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
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8
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Zhan Z, Chai L, Yang H, Dai Y, Wei Z, Wang D, Lv Y. Endoplasmic Reticulum Peroxynitrite Fluctuations in Hypoxia-Induced Endothelial Injury and Sepsis with a Two-Photon Fluorescence Probe. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5585-5593. [PMID: 36952574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious systemic inflammatory disease that frequently results in death. Early diagnosis and timely targeted interventions could improve the therapeutic effect. Recent work has revealed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and hypoxia-induced endothelial injury play significant roles in sepsis. However, the relationship between the levels of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and hypoxia-induced endothelial injury as well as different states of sepsis remain unexplored. Herein, we developed a unique two-photon fluorescent probe (ER-ONOO-) for detecting ONOO- in aqueous solution that has high sensitivity, high selectivity, and ultrafast response time. In addition, ER-ONOO- was successfully used to evaluate the levels of ONOO- at the ER with three kinds of methods in a hypoxia-induced endothelial injury model. Furthermore, ER-ONOO- is capable of monitoring the changes in organ fluorescence through ONOO- variation in different stages of a cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse model. Moreover, we also confirmed that the endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress participated in the CLP model. Consequently, this research can provide a reliable tool for studying ONOO- fluctuation in sepsis and provide new insights into the pathogenic and therapeutic mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhan
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Li Chai
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Haihui Yang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yongcheng Dai
- Analytical & Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Zeliang Wei
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Denian Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Analytical & Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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9
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Paul S, Ray Choudhury A, Dey N. Dual-Mode Multiple Ion Sensing via Analyte-Specific Modulation of Keto-Enol Tautomerization of an ESIPT Active Pyrene Derivative: Experimental Findings and Computational Rationalization. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6349-6360. [PMID: 36844601 PMCID: PMC9947992 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A pyrene-based e xcited - state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) active probe PMHMP was synthesized, characterized, and employed for the ppb-level, dual-mode, and high-fidelity detection of Cu2+ (LOD: 7.8 ppb) and Zn2+ ions (LOD: 4.2 ppb) in acetonitrile medium. The colorless solution of PMHMP turned yellow upon the addition of Cu2+, suggesting its ratiometric, naked-eye sensing. On the contrary, Zn2+ ions displayed concentration-dependent fluorescence rise till a 0.5 mole fraction and subsequent quenching. Mechanistic investigations indicated the formation of a 1:2 exciplex (Zn2+:PMHMP) at a lower concentration of Zn2+, which eventually turned into a more stable 1:1 (Zn2+:PMHMP) complex with an additional amount of Zn2+ ions. However, in both cases, it was observed that the hydroxyl group and the nitrogen atom of the azomethine unit were involved in the metal ion coordination, which eventually altered the ESIPT emission. Furthermore, a green-fluorescent 2:1 PMHMP-Zn2+ complex was developed and additionally employed for the fluorimetric analysis of both Cu2+ and H2PO4 - ions. The Cu2+ ion, owing to its higher binding affinity for PMHMP, could replace the Zn2+ ion from the preformed complex. On the other hand, H2PO4 - formed a tertiary adduct with the Zn2+-complex, leading to a distinguishable optical signal. Furthermore, extensive and organized density functional theory calculations were performed to explore the ESIPT behavior of PMHMP and the geometrical and electronic properties of the metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Paul
- Department
of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | | | - Nilanjan Dey
- Department
of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
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10
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Gu H, Wang W, Wu W, Wang M, Liu Y, Jiao Y, Wang F, Wang F, Chen X. Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-based fluorescent probes for biomarker detection: design, mechanism, and application. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2056-2071. [PMID: 36723346 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06556h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are essential in biology, physiology, and pharmacology; thus, their detection is of extensive importance. Fluorescent probes provide effective tools for detecting biomarkers exactly. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), one of the significant photophysical processes that possesses specific photoisomerization between Keto and Enol forms, can effectively avoid annoying interference from the background with a large Stokes shift. Hence, ESIPT is an excellent choice for biomarker monitoring. Based on the ESIPT process, abundant probes were designed and synthesized using three major design methods. In this review, we conclude probes for 14 kinds of biomarkers based on ESIPT explored in the past five years, summarize these general design methods, and highlight their application for biomarker detection in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Wenyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Maolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yongrong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yanjun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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11
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Cui WL, Wang MH, Yang YH, Wang JY, Zhu X, Zhang H, Ji X. Recent advances and perspectives in reaction-based fluorescent probes for imaging peroxynitrite in biological systems. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Juvekar V, Lee HW, Lee DJ, Kim HM. Two-photon fluorescent probes for quantitative bio-imaging analysis in live tissues. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Singh Rana V, Anand V, Shekhar Sarkar S, Sandhu N, Verma M, Naidu S, Kumar K, Yadav RK, Shrivastava R, Singh AP. A novel pyrene-based Aggregation Induced Enhanced Emission active Schiff base fluorophore as a selective “turn-on” sensor for Sn2+ ions and its application in lung adenocarcinoma cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Shekhovtsov NA, Bushuev MB. Enol or keto? Interplay between solvents and substituents as a factor controlling ESIPT. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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15
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Ma Q, Xu S, Zhai Z, Wang K, Liu X, Xiao H, Zhuo S, Liu Y. Recent Progress of Small‐Molecule Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes for Peroxynitrite in Biological Systems. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200828. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255049 P. R. China
| | - Shanlin Xu
- Department of Oncology, Zibo Central Hospital Zibo 255036 P. R. China
| | - Zhaodong Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255049 P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255049 P. R. China
| | - Xueli Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255049 P. R. China
| | - Haibin Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255049 P. R. China
| | - Shuping Zhuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255049 P. R. China
| | - Yuying Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255049 P. R. China
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16
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Xu C, Li Y, Wu X, Li X, Li L, Kong F, Tang B. A dual-responsive probe for the simultaneous monitoring of viscosity and peroxynitrite with different fluorescence signals in living cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5976-5979. [PMID: 35481600 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We developed a dual-responsive fluorescent probe MC-V-P for the simultaneous detection of ONOO- and viscosity by different imaging channels. MC-V-P has high sensitivity and selectivity, and shows good stability at different pH levels. Notably, the probe has two independent fluorescence signals toward ONOO- and viscosity changes at 580 nm and 740 nm, respectively. Cell imaging experiment results demonstrated that MC-V-P exhibits low cytotoxicity and could be used to monitor viscosity and ONOO- in living HepG2 cells simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fanpeng Kong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Song IH, Yeom GS, Kuwar A, Nimse SB. Elimination Reaction-Based Benzimidazole Probe for Cysteine Detection and Its Application in Serum Sample Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040224. [PMID: 35448284 PMCID: PMC9031725 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole-based compound 2-(p-tolyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (3) and its derivative probe A-B have been synthesized for the highly selective detection and quantification of Cys in human serum. The photophysical properties of A-B and compound 3 were evaluated by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. A-B showed high selectivity and sensitivity for Cys among tested analytes, including amino acids, anions, and cations. A-B selectively reacts with Cys and results in compound 3 with fluorescence turn-on effect. A-B did not show any interference from the components in the serum matrix for Cys detection in the human serum sample. A-B detects Cys in serum samples with 2.3-5.4-fold better LOD than reported methods. The detection limit of 86 nM and 43 nM in HEPES buffer using UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively, makes A-B an excellent chemosensor for Cys detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Ho Song
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Gyu Seong Yeom
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Anil Kuwar
- School of Chemical Sciences, KBC-North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, India
| | - Satish Balasaheb Nimse
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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18
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Chang M, Yan C, Shi L, Li D, Fu W, Guo Z. Rational design of shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence probe: Cooperation of ICT and ESIPT processes for sensing endogenous cysteine. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Liu D. A simple fluorescent switch with four states based on benzothiazole-spiropyran for reversible multicolor displays and anti-counterfeiting. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02647c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The multi-state fluorescent switched with significant visible and fluorescent color variations in solution and the solid state upon multi stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Liu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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20
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Cai C, Lv M, Xiang P, Fang C, Ma W, Tian X, Xu X, Tian Y, Zhang Q. Multi-photon absorption organotin complex for bioimaging and promoting ROS generation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 260:119923. [PMID: 34015744 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Compared to general fluorescent dyes, multi-photon fluorescent dyes exhibit deeper tissue penetration and lower auto-fluorescence in the bio-imaging field. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient multiphoton imaging agent for deep tissue imaging. In this work, an organotin derivative (HSnBu3) has been designed and synthesized, which shows multiphoton absorption activity. In constrast to the ignorable three-photon activity of the ligand, the complex (HSnBu3) exhibits three-photon activity under NIR excitation (1500 nm). Results of chemical and biological tests confirmed that HSnBu3 was more easily activated by oxygen resulting in a higher level of 1O2, which could induce a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells. It suggests that HSnBu3 has potential in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changting Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Mengqi Lv
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Pan Xiang
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Chengjian Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Wen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Xinsheng Xu
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Yupeng Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, PR China.
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21
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Wang C, Shu W, Chen Q, Yang C, Su S, Gao M, Zhang R, Jing J, Zhang X. A simple dual-response fluorescent probe for imaging of viscosity and ONOO - through different fluorescence signals in living cells and zebrafish. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 260:119990. [PMID: 34082351 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular viscosity is a prominent micro-environmental parameter and peroxynitrite is an essential reactive oxygen special, both of which are involved in various pathological and physiological processes. When the intracellular viscosity is abnormal or the ONOO- concentration is irregular, the normal function of cells will be disturbed. Herein, we rationally designed and synthesized a novel multichannel fluorescent probe (probe 1) for multichannel imaging of viscosity and peroxynitrite. Probe 1 displayed about 108-fold enhancement as the viscosity increased from 1.005 cP to 1090 cP. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity at 540 nm was quickly increased after adding ONOO-. It should be noted that probe 1 has high sensitivity, selectivity and low cytotoxicity, which can be successfully employed for the visualization of exogenous and endogenous ONOO- and imaging viscosity changes in HeLa cells by different fluorescent signals. Furthermore, probe 1 could monitor the change of ONOO- induced by LPS (lipopolysaccharide) and IFN-γ (interferon-γ) in zebrafish. This result reveals that probe 1 may inspire more diagnostic and therapeutic programs for viscosity-peroxynitrite related diseases shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Wei Shu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Sa Su
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Mengxu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Rubo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Jing Jing
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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22
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Ratiometric two-photon fluorescence probes for sensing, imaging and biomedicine applications at living cell and small animal levels. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Yeom GS, Song IH, Warkad SD, Shinde PB, Kim T, Park SM, Nimse SB. Development of a Novel Benzimidazole-Based Probe and Portable Fluorimeter for the Detection of Cysteine in Human Urine. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:420. [PMID: 34821635 PMCID: PMC8615561 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of cysteine in human urine and live cells is crucial for evaluating biological metabolism, monitoring and maintaining the immune system, preventing tissue/DNA damage caused by free radicals, preventing autoimmune diseases, and diagnosing disorders such as cystinuria and cancer. A method that uses a fluorescence turn-on probe and a portable fluorescence spectrometer device are crucial for highly sensitive, simple, rapid, and inexpensive cysteine detection. Herein, we present the synthesis and application of a benzimidazole-based fluorescent probe (ABIA) along with the design and development of a portable fluorescence spectrometer device (CysDDev) for detecting cysteine in simulated human urine. ABIA showed excellent selectivity and sensitivity in detecting cysteine over homocysteine, glutathione, and other amino acids with the response time of 1 min and demonstrated a detection limit of 16.3 nM using the developed CysDDev. Further, ABIA also demonstrated its utility in detecting intracellular cysteine, making it an excellent probe for bio-imaging assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Seong Yeom
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (G.S.Y.); (I.-h.S.); (S.-m.P.)
| | - In-ho Song
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (G.S.Y.); (I.-h.S.); (S.-m.P.)
| | | | - Pramod B. Shinde
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR—Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India;
| | - Taewoon Kim
- School of Software, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
| | - Seong-min Park
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (G.S.Y.); (I.-h.S.); (S.-m.P.)
| | - Satish Balasaheb Nimse
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (G.S.Y.); (I.-h.S.); (S.-m.P.)
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24
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Wu L, Tian X, Lee DJ, Yoon J, Lim CS, Kim HM, James TD. Two-photon ESIPT-based fluorescent probe using 4-hydroxyisoindoline-1,3-dione for the detection of peroxynitrite. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11084-11087. [PMID: 34617087 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03160k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-based fluorophores with two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) are rare. Our aim with this research was to develop ESIPT-based fluorophores exhibiting TPEF. Herein, we used 4-hydroxyisoindoline-1,3-dione as a scaffold to develop a two-photon fluorescent probe BHID-Bpin, for the detection of peroxynitrite (ONOO-). BHID-Bpin exhibits excellent selectivity, sensitivity, and fast response towards ONOO- in PBS buffer solution (10 mM, pH = 7.40). Additionally, BHID-Bpin displays high photo-stability under two-photon irradiation at 750 nm. Furthermore, the probe can image endogenous ONOO- in HeLa cells and exogenous ONOO- in rat hippocampal slices at a depth of 110 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luling Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Dong Joon Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea.
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Su Lim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea.
| | - Hwan Myung Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea.
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
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25
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Cui Y, Park SJ, Wu X, Wang R, Qi S, Kim HM, Yoon J. Highly selective two-photon fluorescent off-on probes for imaging tyrosinase activity in living cells and tissues. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6911-6914. [PMID: 34152336 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02374h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A coumarin-based two-photon (TP) fluorescent off-on probe has been developed for detecting tyrosinase activity. High selectivity, sensitivity and biocompatibility enable the probes to successfully image tyrosinase activity in live cells and tissues using TP microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea.
| | - Sang Jun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Korea.
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea.
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea.
| | - Sujie Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea.
| | - Hwan Myung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Korea.
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea.
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26
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Gong F, Zeng D, Zhu H, Qian Y, He L, Xia J, Cao Z. A solvent-assisted ESIPT fluorescent dye for F -/Ag + sensing and high-resolution imaging of the cilia in live cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6343-6353. [PMID: 34378069 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A solvent-assisted ESIPT fluorescent dye was synthesized and used as a probe (2-PPN) for the detection of F-/Ag+ and high-resolution imaging of the cilia in live cells. The developed ESIPT fluorophore exhibited strong tautomeric fluorescence in protic solvents and normal emission in aprotic solvents, which is a significant departure from that of conventional intramolecular ESIPT compounds. The H-binding interaction of F- and the chelation of Ag+ with the ESIPT module of 2-PPN resulted in significant tautomeric emission quenching. From this basis, the 2-PPN-based assays for the detection of F- and Ag+ were established. The detection limit for F- and Ag+ sensing is 2.4 nM and 1.5 nM, respectively. The selective experimental results showed that no tautomeric fluorescence change of 2-PPN could be observed in the presence of the other inorganic ions in the same medium, revealing high selectivity of 2-PPN to F- and Ag+. Furthermore, MTT assay experiments proved that the probe 2-PPN exhibited low cytotoxicity and good cell membrane permeability. The probe was also further successfully utilized to image the cilia in vitro MCF7 cells, displaying its high-resolution imaging performance.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchun Gong
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dan Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanming Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - You Qian
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhi He
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaoyun Xia
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Cao
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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27
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Ravichandiran P, Prabakaran DS, Maroli N, Boguszewska-Czubara A, Masłyk M, Kim AR, Kolandaivel P, Ramalingam P, Park BH, Han MK, Ramesh T, Yoo DJ. Mitochondria-targeted dual-channel colorimetric and fluorescence chemosensor for detection of Sn 2+ ions in aqueous solution based on aggregation-induced emission and its bioimaging applications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125593. [PMID: 33730641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several fluorescence and colorimetric chemosensory for Sn2+ detection in an aqueous media have been reported, but applications remain limited for discriminative Sn2+ detection in live human cells and zebrafish larvae. Herein, a mitochondria-targeted Sn2+ "turn-on" colorimetric and fluorescence chemosensor, 2CTA, with an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) response was developed. The sensing of Sn2+ was enabled by a reduction-enabled binding pathway, with the conversion of -C˭O groups to -C-OH groups at the naphthoquinone moiety. The color changed from light maroon to milky white in a buffered aqueous solution. The chemosensor 2CTA possessed the excellent characteristics of good water solubility, fast response (less than 10 s), and high sensitivity (79 nM) and selectivity for Sn2+ over other metal ions, amino acids, and peptides. The proposed binding mechanism was experimentally verified by means of FT-IR and NMR studies. The chemosensor 2CTA was successfully employed to recognize Sn2+ in live human cells and in zebrafish larvae. In addition, a colocalization study proved that the chemosensor had the ability to target mitochondria and overlapped almost completely with MitoTracker Red. Furthermore, a bioimaging study of live cells demonstrated the discriminative detection of Sn2+ in human cancer cells and the practical applications of 2CTA in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Ravichandiran
- R&D Education Center for Whole Life Cycle R&D of Fuel Cell Systems, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Science, Graduate School, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - D S Prabakaran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi, Srivilliputhur Main Road, Sivakasi 626124, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nikhil Maroli
- Computational Biology Division, DRDO BU Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, India; Center for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Anna Boguszewska-Czubara
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Masłyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1i, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ae Rhan Kim
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Kwan Han
- Department of Microbiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dong Jin Yoo
- R&D Education Center for Whole Life Cycle R&D of Fuel Cell Systems, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Science, Graduate School, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Jiang C, Huang H, Kang X, Yang L, Xi Z, Sun H, Pluth MD, Yi L. NBD-based synthetic probes for sensing small molecules and proteins: design, sensing mechanisms and biological applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7436-7495. [PMID: 34075930 PMCID: PMC8763210 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01096k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Compounds with a nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) skeleton exhibit prominent useful properties including environmental sensitivity, high reactivity toward amines and biothiols (including H2S) accompanied by distinct colorimetric and fluorescent changes, fluorescence-quenching ability, and small size, all of which facilitate biomolecular sensing and self-assembly. Amines are important biological nucleophiles, and the unique activity of NBD ethers with amines has allowed for site-specific protein labelling and for the detection of enzyme activities. Both H2S and biothiols are involved in a wide range of physiological processes in mammals, and misregulation of these small molecules is associated with numerous diseases including cancers. In this review, we focus on NBD-based synthetic probes as advanced chemical tools for biomolecular sensing. Specifically, we discuss the sensing mechanisms and selectivity of the probes, the design strategies for multi-reactable multi-quenching probes, and the associated biological applications of these important constructs. We also highlight self-assembled NBD-based probes and outline future directions for NBD-based chemosensors. We hope that this comprehensive review will facilitate the development of future probes for investigating and understanding different biological processes and aid the development of potential theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Haojie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xueying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhen Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. and Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Michael D Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
| | - Long Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
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29
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Li ZJ, Zhang WJ, Bi WZ, Ma QJ, Feng SX, Chen XL, Qu LB. An amino-substituted 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole for the fluorescent detection of phosgene based on an ESIPT mechanism. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10836-10841. [PMID: 35423554 PMCID: PMC8695812 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, an ESIPT-based fluorescence probe, 5′-amino-2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (P1), was synthesized and explored for the ratiometric detection of phosgene. Compared to 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (HBI), P1 exhibits high sensitivity (LoD = 5.3 nM) and selectivity toward phosgene with the introduction of the amine group. Furthermore, simple P1 loaded test papers are manufactured and display selective fluorescent detection of phosgene in the gas phase. An easily prepared phosgene probe, 5′-amino-2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (P1), is designed and studied. Based on ESIPT mechanism, P1 exhibits ratiometric, sensitive and selective detection of phosgene both in solution and gas phase.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jie Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Wen-Zhu Bi
- School of Pharmacy
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Qiu-Juan Ma
- School of Pharmacy
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Su-Xiang Feng
- School of Pharmacy
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine
- Zhengzhou
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province
| | - Xiao-Lan Chen
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- China
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30
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Singla N, Ahmad M, Dhiman S, Kumar G, Singh S, Verma S, Kaur S, Rashid M, Kaur S, Luxami V, Singh P, Kumar S. An ESIPT based versatile fluorescent probe for bioimaging live-cells and E. coli under strongly acidic conditions. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03933d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A BTNN probe undergoes a 146 times increase in fluorescence intensity at 530 nm on lowering the pH from 7.0 to 2.0 and has been deployed for the bioimaging of MG-63 live cells and E. coli bacteria at different pH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Singla
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar–143005, India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar–143005, India
| | - Sukhvinder Dhiman
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar–143005, India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, India
| | - Siloni Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environment Science, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Shagun Verma
- Department of Botanical and Environment Science, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environment Science, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Muzamil Rashid
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Sukhraj Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, India
| | - Prabhpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar–143005, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar–143005, India
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31
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Huang J, Jiang Y, Li J, Huang J, Pu K. Molecular Chemiluminescent Probes with a Very Long Near‐Infrared Emission Wavelength for in Vivo Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Yuyan Jiang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Jingchao Li
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Jiaguo Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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32
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Huang J, Jiang Y, Li J, Huang J, Pu K. Molecular Chemiluminescent Probes with a Very Long Near‐Infrared Emission Wavelength for in Vivo Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:3999-4003. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Yuyan Jiang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Jingchao Li
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Jiaguo Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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