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Batista L, Paul S, Molina-Jirón C, Jaén JA, Fensker D, Fuhr O, Ruben M, Wernsdorfer W, Moreno-Pineda E. Magnetic behaviour of a spin-canted asymmetric lanthanide quinolate trimer. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12927-12935. [PMID: 39041069 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01588f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
An asymmetrical dysprosium trimer with a molecular formula of [Dy3(hq)7(hqH)(NO3)2(H2O)] was obtained through a reflux reaction employing as starting material Dy(NO3)3·nH2O and 8-quinolinoline as ligand. Magnetic susceptibility investigations show the system to be an SMM, which was corroborated by sub-Kelvin μSQUID studies. Upon cooling, the magnetic susceptibility also exhibits a decrease in the χMT product, which was confirmed to be due to intramolecular antiferromagnetic interactions. μSQUID measurements, moreover, reveal a marked magnetic behaviour in the angular dependence of the hysteresis loops. The latter is a direct consequence of the non-colinear spin arrangement of the anisotropy axes of each Dy(III) ion in [Dy3(hq)7(hqH)(NO3)2(H2O)] and the interaction between the ions, as also evidenced by CASSCF calculations. Our results evidence the effect of spin canting along with the intramolecular interactions, which can induce non-trivial magnetic behaviour in SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester Batista
- Universidad de Panamá, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Depto. Física, 0824, Panamá
| | - Sagar Paul
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Concepción Molina-Jirón
- Universidad de Panamá, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Depto. de Bioquímica, 0824, Panamá.
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Juan A Jaén
- Universidad de Panamá, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Depto. de Química-Física, 0824, Panamá.
- Universidad de Panamá, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Grupo de Investigación de Materiales, Panamá, 0824, Panamá
| | - Dieter Fensker
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Centre Européen de Sciences Quantiques (CESQ), Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 allée Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, 67083, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Wolfgang Wernsdorfer
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Eufemio Moreno-Pineda
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Universidad de Panamá, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Depto. de Química-Física, 0824, Panamá.
- Universidad de Panamá, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Grupo de Investigación de Materiales, Panamá, 0824, Panamá
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2
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Santanni F, Little E, Lockyer SJ, Whitehead GFS, McInnes EJL, Timco GA, Bowen AM, Sessoli R, Winpenny REP. Weak Exchange Interactions in Multispin Systems: EPR Studies of Metalloporphyrins Decorated with {Cr 7Ni} Rings. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38941532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Both metalloporphyrins and heterometallic {Cr7Ni} rings are of significant research interest due to their proposed roles in quantum information processing devices. In this study, we present a series of complexes in which [Cr7NiF3(Etglu)(O2CtBu)15] (N-EtgluH5 = N-ethyl-d-glucamine) heterometallic rings are coordinated to metalloporphyrin linkers: the symmetric [M(TPyP)] for M = Cu2+, VO2+, and H2TPyP = 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin; and the asymmetric [{VO}(TrPPyP)] for H2(TrPPyP) = 5,10,15-(triphenyl)-20-(4-pyridyl)porphyrin. The magnetic interactions present in these complexes are unraveled using the continuous wave (CW) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. The nature of the coupling between the {Cr7Ni} rings and the central metalloporphyrin is assessed by numerical simulations of CW EPR spectra and determined to be on the order of 0.01 cm-1, larger than the dipolar ones and suitable for individual spin addressability in multiqubit architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Santanni
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM Unit, Università̀ degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Edmund Little
- Photon Science Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Selena J Lockyer
- Photon Science Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - George F S Whitehead
- Photon Science Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- Photon Science Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Grigore A Timco
- Photon Science Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alice M Bowen
- Photon Science Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM Unit, Università̀ degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Richard E P Winpenny
- Photon Science Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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3
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Egger C, Guénée L, Deorukhkar N, Piguet C. Programming heterometallic 4f-4f' helicates under thermodynamic control: the circle is complete. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6050-6062. [PMID: 38470853 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00610k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Three non-symmetrical segmental ligand strands L4 can be wrapped around a linear sequence of one Zn2+ and two trivalent lanthanide cations Ln3+ to give quantitatively directional [ZnLn2(L4)3]8+ triple-stranded helicates in the solid state and in solution. NMR speciations in CD3CN show negligible decomplexation at a millimolar concentration and the latter helicate can be thus safely considered as a preorganized C3-symmetrical HHH-[(L43Zn)(LnA)(2-n)(LnB)n]8+ platform in which the thermodynamic properties of (i) lanthanide permutation between the central N9 and the terminal N6O3 binding sites and (ii) exchange processes between homo- and heterolanthanide helicates are easy to access (Ln = La, Eu, Lu). Deviations from statistical distributions could be programmed by exploiting specific site recognition and intermetallic pair interactions. Considering the challenging La3+ : Eu3+ ionic pair, for which the sizes of the two cations differ by only 8%, a remarkable excess (70%) of the heterolanthanide is produced, together with a preference for the formation of the isomer where the largest lanthanum cation lies in the central N9 site ([(La)(Eu)] : [(Eu)(La)] = 9 : 1). This rare design and its rational programming pave the way for the preparation of directional light-converters and/or molecular Q-bits at the (supra)molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Egger
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Laure Guénée
- Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Geneva, 24 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Neel Deorukhkar
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Claude Piguet
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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4
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Chiesa A, Santini P, Garlatti E, Luis F, Carretta S. Molecular nanomagnets: a viable path toward quantum information processing? REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:034501. [PMID: 38314645 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad1f81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Molecular nanomagnets (MNMs), molecules containing interacting spins, have been a playground for quantum mechanics. They are characterized by many accessible low-energy levels that can be exploited to store and process quantum information. This naturally opens the possibility of using them as qudits, thus enlarging the tools of quantum logic with respect to qubit-based architectures. These additional degrees of freedom recently prompted the proposal for encoding qubits with embedded quantum error correction (QEC) in single molecules. QEC is the holy grail of quantum computing and this qudit approach could circumvent the large overhead of physical qubits typical of standard multi-qubit codes. Another important strength of the molecular approach is the extremely high degree of control achieved in preparing complex supramolecular structures where individual qudits are linked preserving their individual properties and coherence. This is particularly relevant for building quantum simulators, controllable systems able to mimic the dynamics of other quantum objects. The use of MNMs for quantum information processing is a rapidly evolving field which still requires to be fully experimentally explored. The key issues to be settled are related to scaling up the number of qudits/qubits and their individual addressing. Several promising possibilities are being intensively explored, ranging from the use of single-molecule transistors or superconducting devices to optical readout techniques. Moreover, new tools from chemistry could be also at hand, like the chiral-induced spin selectivity. In this paper, we will review the present status of this interdisciplinary research field, discuss the open challenges and envisioned solution paths which could finally unleash the very large potential of molecular spins for quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - P Santini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - E Garlatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - F Luis
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Fısica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - S Carretta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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5
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Yamabayashi T, Horii Y, Li ZY, Yamashita M. Magnetic Relaxations of Chromium Nitride Porphyrinato Complexes Driven by the Anisotropic g-Factor. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303082. [PMID: 37880199 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecule-based magnetic materials are useful candidates as the spin qubit due to their long coherence time and high designability. The anisotropy of the g-values of the metal complexes can be utilized to access the individual spin of the metal complexes, making it possible to achieve the scalable molecular spin qubit. For this goal, it is important to evaluate the effect of g-value anisotropy on the magnetic relaxation behaviour. This study reports the slow magnetic relaxation behaviour of chromium nitride (CrN2+ ) porphyrinato complex (1), which is structurally and magnetically similar with the vanadyl (VO2+ ) porphyrinato complex (2) which is known as the excellent spin qubit. Detailed analyses for vibrational and dynamical magnetism of 1 and 2 revealed that g-value anisotropy accelerates magnetic relaxations greater than the internal magnetic field from nuclear spin does. These results provide a design criterion for construction of multiple spin qubit based on g-tensor engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Yamabayashi
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoji Horii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Zhao-Yang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Masahiro Yamashita
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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6
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Tejedor I, Urtizberea A, Natividad E, Martínez JI, Gascón I, Roubeau O. Dilute Gd hydroxycarbonate particles for localized spin qubit integration. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5214-5222. [PMID: 37725390 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01201h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Molecular spins are considered as the quantum hardware to build hybrid quantum processors in which coupling to superconducting devices would provide the means to implement the necessary coherent manipulations. As an alternative to large magnetically-dilute crystals or concentrated nano-scale deposits of paramagnetic molecules that have been studied so far, the use of pre-formed sub-micronic spherical particles of a doped Gd@Y hydroxycarbonate is evaluated here. Particles with an adjustable number of spin carriers are prepared through the control of both particle size and doping. Bulk magnetic properties and continuous wave and time-domain-EPR spectroscopy show that the Gd spins in these particles are potential qubits with robust quantum coherence. Monolayers of densely-packed particles are then formed interfacially and transferred successfully to the surface of Nb superconducting resonators. Alternatively, these particles are disposed at controlled localizations as isolated groups of a few particles through Dip-Pen Nanolithography using colloidal organic dispersions as ink. Altogether, this study offers new material and methodologies relevant to the development of viable hybrid quantum processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Tejedor
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza, Plaza San Francisco s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Urtizberea
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Eva Natividad
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jesús I Martínez
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza, Plaza San Francisco s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gascón
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza, Plaza San Francisco s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olivier Roubeau
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza, Plaza San Francisco s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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7
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Schäfter D, Wischnat J, Tesi L, De Sousa JA, Little E, McGuire J, Mas-Torrent M, Rovira C, Veciana J, Tuna F, Crivillers N, van Slageren J. Molecular One- and Two-Qubit Systems with Very Long Coherence Times. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302114. [PMID: 37289574 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
General-purpose quantum computation and quantum simulation require multi-qubit architectures with precisely defined, robust interqubit interactions, coupled with local addressability. This is an unsolved challenge, primarily due to scalability issues. These issues often derive from poor control over interqubit interactions. Molecular systems are promising materials for the realization of large-scale quantum architectures, due to their high degree of positionability and the possibility to precisely tailor interqubit interactions. The simplest quantum architecture is the two-qubit system, with which quantum gate operations can be implemented. To be viable, a two-qubit system must possess long coherence times, the interqubit interaction must be well defined and the two qubits must also be addressable individually within the same quantum manipulation sequence. Here results are presented on the investigation of the spin dynamics of chlorinated triphenylmethyl organic radicals, in particular the perchlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) radical, a mono-functionalized PTM, and a biradical PTM dimer. Extraordinarily long ensemble coherence times up to 148 µs are found at all temperatures below 100 K. Two-qubit and, importantly, individual qubit addressability in the biradical system are demonstrated. These results underline the potential of molecular materials for the development of quantum architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Schäfter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jonathan Wischnat
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Tesi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Alejandro De Sousa
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela
| | - Edmund Little
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jake McGuire
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Concepció Rovira
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Floriana Tuna
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Núria Crivillers
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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8
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Miyashita S, Barbara B. How to Cross an Energy Barrier at Zero Kelvin without Tunneling Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:066701. [PMID: 37625045 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.066701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
This Letter deals with the broad class of magnetic systems having a single or collective spin S with an energy barrier, such as rare-earth elements and their compounds, single molecule magnets with uniaxial anisotropy, and more generally any other anisotropic quantum system made of single or multiple objects with discrete energy levels. Till now, the reversal of the magnetization of such systems at zero kelvin required making use of quantum tunneling with a significant transverse field or transverse anisotropy term, at resonance. Here, we show that another very simple method exists. It simply consists in the application of a particular sequence of electromagnetic radiations in the ranges of optical or microwave frequencies, depending on the characteristics of the system (spin and anisotropy values for magnetic systems). This produces oscillations of the Rabi type that pass above the barrier, thus extending these oscillations between the two energy wells with mixtures of all the 2S+1 states. In addition to its basic character, this approach opens up new directions of research in quantum information with possible breakthroughs in the current use of multiple quantum bits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Miyashita
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 113-0033, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- The Physical Society of Japan, 2-31-22 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Bernard Barbara
- Institut Néel CNRS/UGA, UPR2940 25 Avenue des Martyrs BP 166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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9
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Yang Z, Lin H, Lin Y, Wang J, Bu Y, Lin H, Gao J. Constructing sequence-controlled heterolayered dendritic lanthanide chelates via a one-pot strategy using orthogonal chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6195-6198. [PMID: 37128904 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06393j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The construction of sequence-controlled heterometallic lanthanide complexes is challenging despite their intriguing physical/chemical properties and enormous potential applications. Here we report a one-pot strategy that exploits orthogonal chemical reactions for modular assembly, which allows for rapid preparation of sequence-controlled heterolayered lanthanide-complex dendritic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxuan Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Haojin Lin
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yaying Lin
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yifan Bu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Hongyu Lin
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Jinhao Gao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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10
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Santanni F, Briganti M, Serrano G, Salvadori E, Veneri A, Batistoni C, Russi SF, Menichetti S, Mannini M, Chiesa M, Sorace L, Sessoli R. VdW Mediated Strong Magnetic Exchange Interactions in Chains of Hydrogen-Free Sublimable Molecular Qubits. JACS AU 2023; 3:1250-1262. [PMID: 37124308 PMCID: PMC10131211 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-rich molecular complexes of dithiolene-like ligands are appealing candidates as molecular spin qubits because spin coherence properties are enhanced in hydrogen-free environments. Herein, we employ the hydrogen-free mononegative 1,3,2-dithiazole-4-thione-5-thiolate (dttt-) ligand as an alternative to common dinegative dithiolate ligands. We report the first synthesis and structural characterization of its Cu2+, Ni2+, and Pt2+ neutral complexes. The XPS analysis of thermal deposition of [Cu(dttt)2] in UHV conditions indicates that films of intact molecules can be deposited on surfaces by sublimation. Thanks to a combined approach employing DC magnetometry and DFT calculations, we highlighted AF exchange interactions of 108 cm-1 and 36 cm-1 attributed to the two different polymorph phases. These couplings are exclusively mediated by S···S VdW interactions, which are facilitated by the absence of counterions and made particularly efficient by the diffuse electron density on S atoms. Furthermore, the spin dynamics of solid-state magnetically diluted samples was investigated. The longest observed T m is 2.3 μs at 30 K, which significantly diverges from the predicted T m > 100 μs. These results point to the diluting matrix severely affecting the coherence lifetime of Cu2+ species via different factors, such as the contributions of neighboring 14N nuclei and the formation of radical impurities in a non-completely controllable way. However, the ease of processing [Cu(dttt)2] via thermal sublimation can allow dispersion in matrices better suited for coherent spin manipulation of isolated molecules and the realization of AF-coupled VdW structures on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Santanni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” - DICUS, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Nazionale di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
- INSTM, Via G. Giusti
9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Matteo Briganti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” - DICUS, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Nazionale di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
- INSTM, Via G. Giusti
9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giulia Serrano
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Nazionale di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
- INSTM, Via G. Giusti
9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Industriale - DIEF, Università
degli Studi di Firenze, Via Santa Marta 3, I-50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Nazionale di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
- INSTM, Via G. Giusti
9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e NIS Centre, Università
di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Veneri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” - DICUS, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Nazionale di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
- INSTM, Via G. Giusti
9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Chiara Batistoni
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Nazionale di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
- INSTM, Via G. Giusti
9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sofia F. Russi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e NIS Centre, Università
di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Menichetti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” - DICUS, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Nazionale di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
- INSTM, Via G. Giusti
9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Matteo Mannini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” - DICUS, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Nazionale di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
- INSTM, Via G. Giusti
9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Mario Chiesa
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Nazionale di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
- INSTM, Via G. Giusti
9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e NIS Centre, Università
di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” - DICUS, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Nazionale di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
- INSTM, Via G. Giusti
9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” - DICUS, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Nazionale di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
- INSTM, Via G. Giusti
9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
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11
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Maniaki D, Sickinger A, Barrios Moreno LA, Aguilà D, Roubeau O, Settineri NS, Guyot Y, Riobé F, Maury O, Galán LA, Aromí G. Distributive Nd-to-Yb Energy Transfer within Pure [YbNdYb] Heterometallic Molecules. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3106-3115. [PMID: 36753476 PMCID: PMC9945097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Facile access to site-selective hetero-lanthanide molecules will open new avenues in the search of novel photophysical phenomena based on Ln-to-Ln' energy transfer (ET). This challenge demands strategies to segregate efficiently different Ln metal ions among different positions in a molecule. We report here the one-step synthesis and structure of a pure [YbNdYb] (1) coordination complex featuring short Yb···Nd distances, ideal to investigate a potential distributive (i.e., from one donor to two acceptors) intramolecular ET from one Nd3+ ion to two Yb3+ centers within a well-characterized molecule. The difference in ionic radius is the mechanism allowing to allocate selectively both types of metal ion within the molecular structure, exploited with the simultaneous use of two β-diketone-type ligands. To assist the photophysical investigation of this heterometallic species, the analogues [YbLaYb] (2) and [LuNdLu] (3) have also been prepared. Sensitization of Yb3+ and Nd3+ in the last two complexes, respectively, was observed, with remarkably long decay times, facilitating the determination of the Nd-to-Yb ET within the [YbNdYb] composite. This ET was demonstrated by comparing the emission of iso-absorbant solutions of 1, 2, and 3 and through lifetime determinations in solution and solid state. The comparatively high efficiency of this process corroborates the facilitating effect of having two acceptors for the nonradiative decay of Nd3+ created within the [YbNdYb] molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamantoula Maniaki
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annika Sickinger
- Laboratoire
de Chimie, UMR 5182, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Univ
Lyon, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Leoní A. Barrios Moreno
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Aguilà
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivier Roubeau
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza, Plaza San Francisco s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nicholas S. Settineri
- Advanced
Light Source, Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States,Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yannick Guyot
- Institut
Lumière Matière, UMR 5306 CNRS—Université
Claude Bernard, Univ. Lyon, Lyon 1, 10 rue Ada Byron, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - François Riobé
- Laboratoire
de Chimie, UMR 5182, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Univ
Lyon, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Maury
- Laboratoire
de Chimie, UMR 5182, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Univ
Lyon, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Laura Abad Galán
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain,
| | - Guillem Aromí
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain,
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12
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Lockyer SJ, Chiesa A, Brookfield A, Timco GA, Whitehead GFS, McInnes EJL, Carretta S, Winpenny REP. Five-Spin Supramolecule for Simulating Quantum Decoherence of Bell States. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16086-16092. [PMID: 36007954 PMCID: PMC9460766 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We report a supramolecule that contains five spins of
two different
types and with, crucially, two different and predictable interaction
energies between the spins. The supramolecule is characterized, and
the interaction energies are demonstrated by electron paramagnetic
resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Based on the measured parameters, we
propose experiments that would allow this designed supramolecule to
be used to simulate quantum decoherence in maximally entangled Bell
states that could be used in quantum teleportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena J Lockyer
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Alessandro Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy.,INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy.,UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Adam Brookfield
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Grigore A Timco
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - George F S Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Stefano Carretta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy.,INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy.,UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Richard E P Winpenny
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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13
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Borilovic I, Roubeau O, Le Guennic B, van Slageren J, Lenz S, Teat SJ, Aromí G. Three individually addressable spin qubits in a single molecule. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7530-7533. [PMID: 35703317 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02495k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric bis-phenol-β-diketone (H4L) has been designed as a ligand programmed to promote the assembly of a molecular arrangement composed of three magnetically exchanged [NiCu] pairs, each exhibiting an S = 1/2 spin. The latter are shown by EPR and magnetometry to be good qubit realizations and non-equivalent within the molecule in the solid state, as required for conditional quantum gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Borilovic
- Departament de Química Inorgànica and IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Olivier Roubeau
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza, Plaza San Francisco s/n, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Boris Le Guennic
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Samuel Lenz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Guillem Aromí
- Departament de Química Inorgànica and IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Maniaki D, Garay-Ruiz D, Barrios LA, Martins DOTA, Aguilà D, Tuna F, Reta D, Roubeau O, Bo C, Aromí G. Unparalleled selectivity and electronic structure of heterometallic [LnLn'Ln] molecules as 3-qubit quantum gates. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5574-5581. [PMID: 35694338 PMCID: PMC9116281 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00436d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterometallic lanthanide [LnLn'] coordination complexes that are accessible thermodynamically are very scarce because the metals of this series have very similar chemical behaviour. Trinuclear systems of this category have not been reported. A coordination chemistry scaffold has been shown to produce molecules of type [LnLn'Ln] of high purity, i.e. exhibiting high metal distribution ability, based on their differences in ionic radius. Through a detailed analysis of density functional theory (DFT) based calculations, we discern the energy contributions that lead to the unparalleled chemical selectivity of this molecular system. Some of the previously reported examples are compared here with the newly prepared member of this exotic list, [Er2Pr(LA)2(LB)2(py)(H2O)2](NO3) (1) (H2LA and H2LB are two β-diketone ligands). A magnetic analysis extracted from magnetization and calorimetry determinations identifies the necessary attributes for it to act as an addressable, conditional multiqubit spin-based quantum gate. Complementary ab initio calculations confirm the feasibility of these complexes as composite quantum gates, since they present well-isolated ground states with highly anisotropic and distinct g-tensors. The electronic structure of 1 has also been analyzed by EPR. Pulsed experiments have allowed the establishment of the quantum coherence of the transitions within the relevant spin states, as well as the feasibility of a coherent control of these states via nutation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamantoula Maniaki
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain .,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB) Barcelona Spain
| | - Diego Garay-Ruiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain.,Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Marcel·lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Leoní A Barrios
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain .,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB) Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniel O T A Martins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK.,Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - David Aguilà
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain .,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB) Barcelona Spain
| | - Floriana Tuna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK.,Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Daniel Reta
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain .,Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science Donostia, Euskadi Bilbao Spain
| | - Olivier Roubeau
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain.,Departamento de Física de la Material Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
| | - Carles Bo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain.,Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Marcel·lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Guillem Aromí
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain .,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB) Barcelona Spain
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15
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Mummaneni BC, Liu J, Lefkidis G, Hübner W. Laser-Controlled Implementation of Controlled-NOT, Hadamard, SWAP, and Pauli Gates as Well as Generation of Bell States in a 3d-4f Molecular Magnet. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2479-2485. [PMID: 35266722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using high-level ab initio many-body theory, we theoretically propose that the Dy and the Ni atoms in the [Dy2Ni2(L)4(NO3)2(DMF)2] real molecular magnet as well as in its core, that is, the [Dy2Ni2O6] system, act as two-level qubit systems. Despite their spatial proximity we can individually control each qubit in this highly correlated real magnetic system through specially designed laser-pulse combinations. This allows us to prepare any desired two-qubit state and to build several classical and quantum logic gates, such as the two-qubit (binary) CNOT gate with three distinct laser pulses. Other quantum logic gates include the single-qubit (unary) quantum X, Y, and Z Pauli gates; the Hadamard gate (which necessitates the coherent quantum superposition of two many-body electronic states); and the SWAP gate (which plays an important role in Shor's algorithm for integer factorization). Finally, by sequentially using the achieved CNOT and Hadamard gates we are able to obtain the maximally entangled Bell states, for example, (12)(|00⟩ + |11⟩).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, PO Box 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Georgios Lefkidis
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, PO Box 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wolfgang Hübner
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, PO Box 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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16
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Clegg JK, Li F, Lindoy LF. Oligo-β-diketones as versatile ligands for use in metallo-supramolecular chemistry: Recent progress and perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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17
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Alfieri A, Anantharaman SB, Zhang H, Jariwala D. Nanomaterials for Quantum Information Science and Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2109621. [PMID: 35139247 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum information science and engineering (QISE)-which entails the use of quantum mechanical states for information processing, communications, and sensing-and the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology have dominated condensed matter physics and materials science research in the 21st century. Solid-state devices for QISE have, to this point, predominantly been designed with bulk materials as their constituents. This review considers how nanomaterials (i.e., materials with intrinsic quantum confinement) may offer inherent advantages over conventional materials for QISE. The materials challenges for specific types of qubits, along with how emerging nanomaterials may overcome these challenges, are identified. Challenges for and progress toward nanomaterials-based quantum devices are condidered. The overall aim of the review is to help close the gap between the nanotechnology and quantum information communities and inspire research that will lead to next-generation quantum devices for scalable and practical quantum applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Alfieri
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Surendra B Anantharaman
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Huiqin Zhang
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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18
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Dais TN, Takano R, Ishida T, Plieger PG. Lanthanide induced variability in localised Co II geometries of four triangular L 3Co 3 IILn III complexes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4828-4835. [PMID: 35425468 PMCID: PMC8981366 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08797e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Four tetranuclear heterobimetallic triangle complexes [L3Co3Dy(NO3)2(H2O)(MeOH)5](NO3) (C1), [L3Co3Gd(NO3)3(MeOH)4] (C2), [L3Co3La(NO3)2(H2O)6](NO3)(H2O) (C3), and [L3Co3TbCl(NO3)2(H2O)0.5(MeOH)3.5] (C4), where H2L = 1,4-bisformylnaphthalene-2,3-diol, have been synthesised and structurally characterised. Each complex crystallises with a complete molecule in the asymmetric unit (Z' = 1) and displays near perfect octahedrality in two out of three CoII centres. The third CoII ion assumes a different coordination geometry in each complex: six-coordinate octahedral in C1, six-coordinate with a distortion towards trigonal prismatic in C2, five-coordinate trigonal bipyramidal in C3, and five-coordinate square pyramidal in C4; which has been attributed to increasing lanthanide cation size, coupled with a non-macrocyclic coordination environment. Continuous Shape Measurement (CShM) calculations and octahedral distortion parameter calculations were performed, using the SHAPE and OctaDist software packages, respectively, in order to aid in the assessment of each metal centre's local coordination geometry. The preliminary magnetic investigation of C3 found χ m T = 9.4 cm3 K mol-1 at 300 K and M = 7.1 μ B at 1.8 K, which are approximately two thirds the maximum theoretical values for three CoII ions and indicates the presence of a relatively large zero-field splitting parameter (D/k B = 65 K) operative in each CoII ion rather than exchange coupling between the CoII centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson N Dais
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University Private Bag 11 222 Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Rina Takano
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communication 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu Tokyo 182-8585 Japan
| | - Takayuki Ishida
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communication 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu Tokyo 182-8585 Japan
| | - Paul G Plieger
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University Private Bag 11 222 Palmerston North New Zealand
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19
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Chizzini M, Crippa L, Zaccardi L, Macaluso E, Carretta S, Chiesa A, Santini P. Quantum error correction with molecular spin qudits. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20030-20039. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01228f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular multi-level spin qudits are very promising for quantum computing, embedding quantum error correction within single objects. We compare the performance of electronic/nuclear molecular qudits in the implementation of quantum error correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Chizzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Università di Parma, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, gruppo collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Crippa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Università di Parma, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- IBM Italia s.p.a., Circonvallazione Idroscalo, I-20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Luca Zaccardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Università di Parma, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Emilio Macaluso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Università di Parma, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, gruppo collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Carretta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Università di Parma, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, gruppo collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Università di Parma, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, gruppo collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Santini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Università di Parma, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, gruppo collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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20
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Xiong YC, Wang JN, Wang PC, Zhou Y, Ma Y, Zhou WH, Tong R. Trapping integrated molecular devices via a local transport circulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5522-5528. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04813a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between quantum systems and their environments may always result in inevitable decoherence. Isolation of the quantum system from the undesired environment noise brings us a great challenge for an...
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21
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Udayakantha M, Perera SS, Davidson RD, Zuin L, Rabuffetti FA, Banerjee S. Structure-Dependent Accessibility of Phonon-Coupled Radiative Relaxation Pathways Probed by X-ray-Excited Optical Luminescence. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11170-11175. [PMID: 34757751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rare-earth scheelites represent a diverse family of compounds with multiple degrees of freedom, which enables the incorporation of a wide range of lanthanide color centers. Precise positioning of quantum objects is attainable by the choice of alkali cations and lattice connectivity of polyanion units. Herein, we report the structure-dependent energy transfer and lattice coupling of optical transitions in La3+- and Dy3+-containing scheelite-type double and quadruple molybdates NaLa1-xDyx(MoO4)2 and Na5La1-xDyx(MoO4)4. X-ray excitation of La3+ core states generates excited-state electron-hole pairs, which, upon thermalizing across interconnected REO8 polyhedra in double molybdates, activate a phonon-coupled excited state of Dy3+. A pronounced luminescence band is observed corresponding to optical cooling of the lattice upon preferential radiative relaxation from a "hot" state. In contrast, combined X-ray absorption near-edge structure and X-ray-excited optical luminescence studies reveal that such a lattice coupling mechanism is inaccessible in quadruple molybdates with a greater separation of La3+-Dy3+ centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malsha Udayakantha
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - S Sameera Perera
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Rachel D Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Lucia Zuin
- Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Federico A Rabuffetti
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sarbajit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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22
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Chicco S, Chiesa A, Allodi G, Garlatti E, Atzori M, Sorace L, De Renzi R, Sessoli R, Carretta S. Controlled coherent dynamics of [VO(TPP)], a prototype molecular nuclear qudit with an electronic ancilla. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12046-12055. [PMID: 34667570 PMCID: PMC8457369 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01358k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We show that [VO(TPP)] (vanadyl tetraphenylporphyrinate) is a promising system to implement quantum computation algorithms based on encoding information in multi-level (qudit) units. Indeed, it embeds a nuclear spin 7/2 coupled to an electronic spin 1/2 by hyperfine interaction. This qubit-qudit unit can be exploited to implement quantum error correction and quantum simulation algorithms. Through a combined theoretical and broadband nuclear magnetic resonance study, we demonstrate that the elementary operations of such algorithms can be efficiently implemented on the nuclear spin qudit. Manipulation of the nuclear qudit can be achieved by resonant radio-frequency pulses, thanks to the remarkably long coherence times and the effective quadrupolar coupling induced by the strong hyperfine interaction. This approach may open new perspectives for developing new molecular qubit-qudit systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Chicco
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche I-43124 Parma Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM I-43124 Parma Italy
| | - Alessandro Chiesa
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche I-43124 Parma Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM I-43124 Parma Italy
| | - Giuseppe Allodi
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche I-43124 Parma Italy
| | - Elena Garlatti
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche I-43124 Parma Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM I-43124 Parma Italy
| | - Matteo Atzori
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM, Università Degli Studi di Firenze I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (LNCMI), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSA Toulouse, Univ. Toulouse Paul Sabatier, EMFL, CNRS F-38043 Grenoble France
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM, Università Degli Studi di Firenze I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Roberto De Renzi
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche I-43124 Parma Italy
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM, Università Degli Studi di Firenze I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Stefano Carretta
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche I-43124 Parma Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM I-43124 Parma Italy
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23
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Aguilà D, Roubeau O, Aromí G. Designed polynuclear lanthanide complexes for quantum information processing. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12045-12057. [PMID: 34382982 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01862k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The design of dissymmetric organic ligands featuring combinations of 1,3-diketone and 2,6-diacetylpyridine coordination pockets has been exploited to produce dinuclear and trinuclear lanthanide-based coordination compounds. These molecules exhibit two or more non-equivalent Ln ions, most remarkably enabling the access to well-defined heterolanthanide compositions. The site-selective disposition of each metal ion within the molecular entities allows the study of each centre individually as a spin-based quantum bit, affording unparalleled versatility for quantum gate design. The inherent weak interaction between the Ln ions permits the performance of multi-qubit quantum logical operations realized through their derived magnetic states, or implementing quantum-error correction protocols. The different studies performed to date on these systems are revised, showing their vast potential within spin-based quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aguilà
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivier Roubeau
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Física de la Material Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guillem Aromí
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Simulating Static and Dynamic Properties of Magnetic Molecules with Prototype Quantum Computers. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry7080117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic molecules are prototypical systems to investigate peculiar quantum mechanical phenomena. As such, simulating their static and dynamical behavior is intrinsically difficult for a classical computer, due to the exponential increase of required resources with the system size. Quantum computers solve this issue by providing an inherently quantum platform, suited to describe these magnetic systems. Here, we show that both the ground state properties and the spin dynamics of magnetic molecules can be simulated on prototype quantum computers, based on superconducting qubits. In particular, we study small-size anti-ferromagnetic spin chains and rings, which are ideal test-beds for these pioneering devices. We use the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm to determine the ground state wave-function with targeted ansatzes fulfilling the spin symmetries of the investigated models. The coherent spin dynamics are simulated by computing dynamical correlation functions, an essential ingredient to extract many experimentally accessible properties, such as the inelastic neutron cross-section.
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25
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Atzori M, Garlatti E, Allodi G, Chicco S, Chiesa A, Albino A, De Renzi R, Salvadori E, Chiesa M, Carretta S, Sorace L. Radiofrequency to Microwave Coherent Manipulation of an Organometallic Electronic Spin Qubit Coupled to a Nuclear Qudit. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11273-11286. [PMID: 34264061 PMCID: PMC8389802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here a comprehensive characterization of a 3d organometallic complex, [V(Cp)2Cl2] (Cp = cyclopentadienyl), which can be considered as a prototypical multilevel nuclear qudit (nuclear spin I = 7/2) hyperfine coupled to an electronic qubit (electronic spin S = 1/2). By combining complementary magnetic resonant techniques, such as pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and broadband nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we extensively characterize its Spin Hamiltonian parameters and its electronic and nuclear spin dynamics. Moreover, we demonstrate the possibility to manipulate the qubit-qudit multilevel structure by resonant microwave and radiofrequency pulses, driving coherent Rabi oscillations between targeted electronuclear states. The obtained results demonstrate that this simple complex is a promising candidate for quantum computing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Atzori
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” e UdR INSTM, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (LNCMI), Univ. Grenoble
Alpes, INSA Toulouse, Univ. Toulouse Paul Sabatier, EMFL, CNRS, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Elena Garlatti
- Università
di Parma, Dipartimento di
Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR
Parma, INSTM, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Allodi
- Università
di Parma, Dipartimento di
Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR
Parma, INSTM, Parma, Italy
| | - Simone Chicco
- Università
di Parma, Dipartimento di
Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR
Parma, INSTM, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Chiesa
- Università
di Parma, Dipartimento di
Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR
Parma, INSTM, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Albino
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” e UdR INSTM, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Roberto De Renzi
- Università
di Parma, Dipartimento di
Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e NIS Centre, Università
di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Chiesa
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e NIS Centre, Università
di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Carretta
- Università
di Parma, Dipartimento di
Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR
Parma, INSTM, Parma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” e UdR INSTM, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
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26
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Lockyer SJ, Chiesa A, Timco GA, McInnes EJL, Bennett TS, Vitorica-Yrezebal IJ, Carretta S, Winpenny REP. Targeting molecular quantum memory with embedded error correction. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9104-9113. [PMID: 34276940 PMCID: PMC8261727 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01506k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of a quantum computer requires both to protect information from environmental noise and to implement quantum operations efficiently. Achieving this by a fully fault-tolerant platform, in which quantum gates are implemented within quantum-error corrected units, poses stringent requirements on the coherence and control of such hardware. A more feasible architecture could consist of connected memories, that support error-correction by enhancing coherence, and processing units, that ensure fast manipulations. We present here a supramolecular {Cr7Ni}-Cu system which could form the elementary unit of this platform, where the electronic spin 1/2 of {Cr7Ni} provides the processor and the naturally isolated nuclear spin 3/2 of the Cu ion is used to encode a logical unit with embedded quantum error-correction. We demonstrate by realistic simulations that microwave pulses allow us to rapidly implement gates on the processor and to swap information between the processor and the quantum memory. By combining the storage into the Cu nuclear spin with quantum error correction, information can be protected for times much longer than the processor coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena J Lockyer
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Alessandro Chiesa
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche Fisiche e Informatiche I-43124 Parma Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM I-43124 Parma Italy
| | - Grigore A Timco
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Tom S Bennett
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Inigo J Vitorica-Yrezebal
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Stefano Carretta
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche Fisiche e Informatiche I-43124 Parma Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM I-43124 Parma Italy
| | - Richard E P Winpenny
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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27
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Petiziol F, Sameti M, Carretta S, Wimberger S, Mintert F. Quantum Simulation of Three-Body Interactions in Weakly Driven Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:250504. [PMID: 34241528 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.250504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The realization of effective Hamiltonians featuring many-body interactions beyond pairwise coupling would enable the quantum simulation of central models underpinning topological physics and quantum computation. We overcome crucial limitations of perturbative Floquet engineering and discuss the highly accurate realization of a purely three-body Hamiltonian in superconducting circuits and molecular nanomagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petiziol
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Mahdi Sameti
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Carretta
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sandro Wimberger
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Florian Mintert
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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28
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Mayans J, Tesi L, Briganti M, Boulon ME, Font-Bardia M, Escuer A, Sorace L. Single-Ion Anisotropy and Intramolecular Interactions in Ce III and Nd III Dimers. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8692-8703. [PMID: 34110135 PMCID: PMC8277162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the syntheses, characterization, structural description, together with magnetic and spectroscopic properties of two isostructural molecular magnets based on the chiral ligand N,N'-bis((1,2-diphenyl-(pyridine-2-yl)methylene)-(R,R/S,S)-ethane-1,2-diamine), L1, of general formula [Ln2(RR-L1)2(Cl6)]·MeOH·1.5H2O, (Ln = Ce (1) or Nd (2)). Multifrequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), cantilever torque magnetometry (CTM) measurements, and ab initio calculations allowed us to determine single-ion magnetic anisotropy and intramolecular magnetic interactions in both compounds, evidencing a more important role of the anisotropic exchange for the NdIII derivative. The comparison of experimental and theoretical data indicates that, in the case of largely rhombic lanthanide ions, ab initio calculations can fail in determining the orientation of the weakest components, while being reliable in determining their principal values. However, they remain of paramount importance to set the analysis of EPR and CTM on sound basis, thus obtaining a very precise picture of the magnetic interactions in these systems. Finally, the electronic structure of the two complexes, as obtained by this approach, is consistent with the absence of zero-field slow relaxation observed in ac susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Mayans
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
Inorgànica and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
(INUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franques 1-11, Barcelona-08028, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Tesi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Matteo Briganti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Marie-Emmanuelle Boulon
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- Unitat
de Difracció de R-X, Centre Científic i Tecnològic
de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Solé i Sabarís 1-3, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Escuer
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
Inorgànica and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
(INUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franques 1-11, Barcelona-08028, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
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29
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Ghannadan A, Strečka J. Magnetic-Field-Orientation Dependent Thermal Entanglement of a Spin-1 Heisenberg Dimer: The Case Study of Dinuclear Nickel Complex with an Uniaxial Single-Ion Anisotropy. Molecules 2021; 26:3420. [PMID: 34198732 PMCID: PMC8201236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The bipartite entanglement in pure and mixed states of a quantum spin-1 Heisenberg dimer with exchange and uniaxial single-ion anisotropies is quantified through the negativity in a presence of the external magnetic field. At zero temperature the negativity shows a marked stepwise dependence on a magnetic field with two abrupt jumps and plateaus, which can be attributed to the quantum antiferromagnetic and quantum ferrimagnetic ground states. The magnetic-field-driven phase transition between the quantum antiferromagnetic and quantum ferrimagnetic ground states manifests itself at nonzero temperatures by a local minimum of the negativity, which is followed by a peculiar field-induced rise of the negativity observable in a range of moderately strong magnetic fields. The rising temperature generally smears out abrupt jumps and plateaus of the negativity, which cannot be distinguished in the relevant dependencies above a certain temperature. It is shown that the thermal entanglement is most persistent against rising temperature at the magnetic field, for which an energy gap between a ground state and a first excited state is highest. Besides, temperature variations of the negativity of the spin-1 Heisenberg dimer with an easy-axis single-ion anisotropy may exhibit a singular point-kink, at which the negativity has discontinuity in its first derivative. The homodinuclear nickel complex [Ni2(Medpt)2(μ-ox)(H2O)2](ClO4)2·2H2O provides a suitable experimental platform of the antiferromagnetic spin-1 Heisenberg dimer, which allowed us to estimate a strength of the bipartite entanglement between two exchange-coupled Ni2+ magnetic ions on the grounds of the interaction constants reported previously from the fitting procedure of the magnetization data. It is verified that the negativity of this dinuclear compound is highly magnetic-field-orientation dependent due to presence of a relatively strong uniaxial single-ion anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jozef Strečka
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Park Angelinum 9, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
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30
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Buch CD, Hansen SH, Mitcov D, Tram CM, Nichol GS, Brechin EK, Piligkos S. Design of pure heterodinuclear lanthanoid cryptate complexes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6983-6991. [PMID: 34123326 PMCID: PMC8153240 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00987g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterolanthanide complexes are difficult to synthesize owing to the similar chemistry of the lanthanide ions. Consequently, very few purely heterolanthanide complexes have been synthesized. This is despite the fact that such complexes hold interesting optical and magnetic properties. To fine-tune these properties, it is important that one can choose complexes with any given combination of lanthanides. Herein we report a synthetic procedure which yields pure heterodinuclear lanthanide cryptates LnLn*LX3 (X = NO3 - or OTf-) based on the cryptand H3L = N[(CH2)2N[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-R-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]N-(CH2)2]3N (R = m-C6H2OH-2-Me-5). In the synthesis the choice of counter ion and solvent proves crucial in controlling the Ln-Ln* composition. Choosing the optimal solvent and counter ion afford pure heterodinuclear complexes with any given combination of Gd(iii)-Lu(iii) including Y(iii). To demonstrate the versatility of the synthesis all dinuclear combinations of Y(iii), Gd(iii), Yb(iii) and Lu(iii) were synthesized resulting in 10 novel complexes of the form LnLn*L(OTf)3 with LnLn* = YbGd 1, YbY 2, YbLu 3, YbYb 4, LuGd 5, LuY 6, LuLu 7, YGd 8, YY 9 and GdGd 10. Through the use of 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry the heterodinuclear nature of YbGd, YbY, YbLu, LuGd, LuY and YGd was confirmed. Crystal structures of LnLn*L(NO3)3 reveal short Ln-Ln distances of ∼3.5 Å. Using SQUID magnetometry the exchange coupling between the lanthanide ions was found to be anti-ferromagnetic for GdGd and YbYb while ferromagnetic for YbGd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Buch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Steen H Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Dmitri Mitcov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Camilla M Tram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Gary S Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Euan K Brechin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Stergios Piligkos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
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31
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Gimeno I, Urtizberea A, Román-Roche J, Zueco D, Camón A, Alonso PJ, Roubeau O, Luis F. Broad-band spectroscopy of a vanadyl porphyrin: a model electronuclear spin qudit. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5621-5630. [PMID: 34168797 PMCID: PMC8179683 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00564b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We explore how to encode more than a qubit in vanadyl porphyrin molecules hosting a S = 1/2 electronic spin coupled to a I = 7/2 nuclear spin. The spin Hamiltonian and its parameters, as well as the spin dynamics, have been determined via a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance, heat capacity, magnetization and on-chip magnetic spectroscopy experiments performed on single crystals. We find low temperature spin coherence times of micro-seconds and spin relaxation times longer than a second. For sufficiently strong magnetic fields (B > 0.1 T, corresponding to resonance frequencies of 9-10 GHz) these properties make vanadyl porphyrin molecules suitable qubit realizations. The presence of multiple equispaced nuclear spin levels then merely provides 8 alternatives to define the '1' and '0' basis states. For lower magnetic fields (B < 0.1 T), and lower frequencies (<2 GHz), we find spectroscopic signatures of a sizeable electronuclear entanglement. This effect generates a larger set of allowed transitions between different electronuclear spin states and removes their degeneracies. Under these conditions, we show that each molecule fulfills the conditions to act as a universal 4-qubit processor or, equivalently, as a d = 16 qudit. These findings widen the catalogue of chemically designed systems able to implement non-trivial quantum functionalities, such as quantum simulations and, especially, quantum error correction at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Gimeno
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Ainhoa Urtizberea
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa 50090 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Juan Román-Roche
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - David Zueco
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Agustín Camón
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Pablo J Alonso
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Olivier Roubeau
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Fernando Luis
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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32
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Abstract
Many applications of lanthanides exploit their electron spin relaxation properties. Double electron-electron measurements of distances are possible because of the relatively long relaxation times of Gd3+. Relaxation enhancement measurements of distance are possible because of the much shorter relaxation times of other lanthanides. Magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents use the long relaxation time of the S-state Gd3+ ion, and NMR shift reagents use the fast relaxation of selected other lanthanides. Other than Gd3+ and the isoelectronic Eu2+ ion, spin relaxation of the lanthanides is so fast that their EPR spectra can be observed only in the liquid helium temperature range. In this chapter the EPR properties of each of the lanthanides is briefly summarized, with an emphasis on electron spin relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E McPeak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Sandra S Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Gareth R Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States.
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33
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Rubín-Osanz M, Lambert F, Shao F, Rivière E, Guillot R, Suaud N, Guihéry N, Zueco D, Barra AL, Mallah T, Luis F. Chemical tuning of spin clock transitions in molecular monomers based on nuclear spin-free Ni(ii). Chem Sci 2021; 12:5123-5133. [PMID: 34168771 PMCID: PMC8179637 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05856d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the existence of a sizeable quantum tunnelling splitting between the two lowest electronic spin levels of mononuclear Ni complexes. The level anti-crossing, or magnetic "clock transition", associated with this gap has been directly monitored by heat capacity experiments. The comparison of these results with those obtained for a Co derivative, for which tunnelling is forbidden by symmetry, shows that the clock transition leads to an effective suppression of intermolecular spin-spin interactions. In addition, we show that the quantum tunnelling splitting admits a chemical tuning via the modification of the ligand shell that determines the crystal field and the magnetic anisotropy. These properties are crucial to realize model spin qubits that combine the necessary resilience against decoherence, a proper interfacing with other qubits and with the control circuitry and the ability to initialize them by cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Rubín-Osanz
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - François Lambert
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Feng Shao
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Eric Rivière
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Suaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université Paul Sabatier 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Nathalie Guihéry
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université Paul Sabatier 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - David Zueco
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Anne-Laure Barra
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS-Univ. Grenoble-Alpes 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - Talal Mallah
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Fernando Luis
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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34
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Chiesa A, Macaluso E, Petiziol F, Wimberger S, Santini P, Carretta S. Molecular Nanomagnets as Qubits with Embedded Quantum-Error Correction. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8610-8615. [PMID: 32936660 DOI: 10.1063/9.0000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We show that molecular nanomagnets have a potential advantage in the crucial rush toward quantum computers. Indeed, the sizable number of accessible low-energy states of these systems can be exploited to define qubits with embedded quantum error correction. We derive the scheme to achieve this crucial objective and the corresponding sequence of microwave/radiofrequency pulses needed for the error correction procedure. The effectiveness of our approach is shown already with a minimal S = 3/2 unit corresponding to an existing molecule, and the scaling to larger spin systems is quantitatively analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - E Macaluso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - F Petiziol
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - S Wimberger
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - P Santini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - S Carretta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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