1
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López-Gandul L, Rodríguez R, Vanthuyne N, Crassous J, Sánchez L. Supramolecular polymerization of [6]helicene-based cyano-luminogens: on the overall efficiency of self-assembled circularly polarized emitters. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13041-13049. [PMID: 38916870 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02110j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of the [6]helicene-based luminophores 1 and 2 is reported. These chiral systems, endowed with cyano-stilbene fragments, form supramolecular polymers by the operation of intermolecular H-bonding interactions between the amides present in the peripheral side chains. The dissimilar disubstitution of 1 and 2 plays a crucial role in their self-assembling features. Thus, 1 does not show an efficient π-stacking of the central aromatic moiety. Instead, its self-assembling process results in a zig-zag arrangement of the monomeric units to form the aggregated species. On the other hand, 2 presents an efficient overlap of the aromatic backbones that affords a co-facial arrangement of the monomeric units. The solvent-dependent studies indicate that both [6]helicenes self-assemble following a cooperative supramolecular polymerization mechanism with a higher degree of cooperativity and stability for compound 2. The enantioenriched samples of both 1 and 2 display a rich dichroic pattern that changes when the supramolecular polymerization takes place. Furthermore, the presence of the cyano-stilbene moieties gives rise to an aggregation induced emission effect. The inherent chirality of both the monomeric and aggregated species of 1 and 2 provides the systems with CPL-emitting properties, presenting a remarkable overall CPL-efficiency, quantified by the BCPL parameter, that increases upon supramolecular polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia López-Gandul
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Rodríguez
- Centro Singular de investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) e Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226 35000, Rennes, France.
| | | | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226 35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Dünnebacke T, Niemeyer N, Baumert S, Hochstädt S, Borsdorf L, Hansen MR, Neugebauer J, Fernández G. Molecular and supramolecular adaptation by coupled stimuli. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5695. [PMID: 38972878 PMCID: PMC11228013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptation transcends scale in both natural and artificial systems, but delineating the causative factors of this phenomenon requires urgent clarification. Herein, we unravel the molecular requirements for adaptation and establish a link to rationalize adaptive behavior on a self-assembled level. These concepts are established by analyzing a model compound exhibiting both light- and pH-responsive units, which enable the combined or independent application of different stimuli. On a molecular level, adaptation arises from coupled stimuli, as the final outcome of the system depends on their sequence of application. However, in a self-assembled state, a single stimulus suffices to induce adaptation as a result of collective molecular behavior and the reversibility of non-covalent interactions. Our findings go beyond state-of-the-art (multi)stimuli-responsive systems and allow us to draw up design guidelines for adaptive behavior both at the molecular and supramolecular levels, which are fundamental criteria for the realization of intelligent matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Dünnebacke
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Niklas Niemeyer
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Universität Münster, Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Baumert
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hochstädt
- Universität Münster, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lorenz Borsdorf
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Universität Münster, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Universität Münster, Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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3
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Mukherjee A, Ghosh G. Light-regulated morphology control in supramolecular polymers. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2169-2184. [PMID: 38206133 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04989b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive materials have gained significant recent interest owing to their versatility and wide applications in fields ranging from materials science to biology. In the majority of examples, external stimuli, including light, act as a remote source of energy to depolymerize/deconstruct certain nanostructures or provide energy for exploring their functional features. However, there is little emphasis on the creation and precise control of these materials. Although significant progress has been made in the last few decades in understanding the pros and cons of various directional non-covalent interactions and their specific molecular recognition ability, it is only in the recent past that the focus has shifted toward controlling the dimension, dispersity, and other macroscopic properties of supramolecular assemblies. Control over the morphology of supramolecular polymers is extremely crucial not only for material properties they manifest but also for effective interactions with biological systems for their potential application in the field of biomedicine. This could effectively be achieved using photoirradiation which has been demonstrated by some recent reports. The concept as such offers a broad scope for designing versatile stimuli-responsive supramolecular materials with precise structure-property control. However, there has not yet been a compilation that focuses on the present subject of employing light to impact and regulate the morphology of supramolecular polymers or categorize the functional motif for easy understanding. In this review, we have collated recent examples of how light irradiation can tune the morphology and nanostructures of supramolecular polymers and categorized them based on their chemical transformation such as cis-trans isomerization, cycloaddition, and photo-cleavage. We have also established a direct correlation among the structures of the building blocks, mesoscopic properties and functional behavior of such materials and suggested future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Mukherjee
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS), Shivanapura, Dasanapura Hobli, Bengaluru, 562162, India.
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4
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Lago-Silva M, Fernández-Míguez M, Rodríguez R, Quiñoá E, Freire F. Stimuli-responsive synthetic helical polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:793-852. [PMID: 38105704 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00952a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic dynamic helical polymers (supramolecular and covalent) and foldamers share the helix as a structural motif. Although the materials are different, these systems also share many structural properties, such as helix induction or conformational communication mechanisms. The introduction of stimuli responsive building blocks or monomer repeating units in these materials triggers conformational or structural changes, due to the presence/absence of the external stimulus, which are transmitted to the helix resulting in different effects, such as assymetry amplification, helix inversion or even changes in the helical scaffold (elongation, J/H helical aggregates). In this review, we show through selected examples how different stimuli (e.g., temperature, solvents, cations, anions, redox, chiral additives, pH or light) can alter the helical structures of dynamic helical polymers (covalent and supramolecular) and foldamers acting on the conformational composition or molecular structure of their components, which is also transmitted to the macromolecular helical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lago-Silva
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Manuel Fernández-Míguez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Rafael Rodríguez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Emilio Quiñoá
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Félix Freire
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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5
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Thaggard GC, Park KC, Lim J, Maldeni Kankanamalage BKP, Haimerl J, Wilson GR, McBride MK, Forrester KL, Adelson ER, Arnold VS, Wetthasinghe ST, Rassolov VA, Smith MD, Sosnin D, Aprahamian I, Karmakar M, Bag SK, Thakur A, Zhang M, Tang BZ, Castaño JA, Chaur MN, Lerch MM, Fischer RA, Aizenberg J, Herges R, Lehn JM, Shustova NB. Breaking the photoswitch speed limit. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7556. [PMID: 37985777 PMCID: PMC10660956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43405-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The forthcoming generation of materials, including artificial muscles, recyclable and healable systems, photochromic heterogeneous catalysts, or tailorable supercapacitors, relies on the fundamental concept of rapid switching between two or more discrete forms in the solid state. Herein, we report a breakthrough in the "speed limit" of photochromic molecules on the example of sterically-demanding spiropyran derivatives through their integration within solvent-free confined space, allowing for engineering of the photoresponsive moiety environment and tailoring their photoisomerization rates. The presented conceptual approach realized through construction of the spiropyran environment results in ~1000 times switching enhancement even in the solid state compared to its behavior in solution, setting a record in the field of photochromic compounds. Moreover, integration of two distinct photochromic moieties in the same framework provided access to a dynamic range of rates as well as complementary switching in the material's optical profile, uncovering a previously inaccessible pathway for interstate rapid photoisomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Thaggard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Kyoung Chul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Jaewoong Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | | | - Johanna Haimerl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Gina R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Margaret K McBride
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Kelly L Forrester
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Esther R Adelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Virginia S Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Shehani T Wetthasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Vitaly A Rassolov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Daniil Sosnin
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Manisha Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Sayan Kumar Bag
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Arunabha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- AIE Institute, Guangzhou Development District, Huangpu, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jorge A Castaño
- Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, AA 25360, Cali, Colombia
| | - Manuel N Chaur
- Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, AA 25360, Cali, Colombia
- Centro de Excelencia en Neuvos Materiales (CENM), Universidad del Valle, AA 25360, Cali, Colombia
| | - Michael M Lerch
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Joanna Aizenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA.
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6
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Zhang S, Hao A, Xing P. Solvent-resolved self-assemblies of cholesteryl-cyanostilbene conjugates with photo- and thermo-responsiveness. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37191115 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01056b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
It remains challenging to construct multifunctional chiral stimulus-responsive molecules and to modulate their morphology at the nanoscale. In this paper, we synthesized a novel chiral molecule with both photoactive and potentially bioactive properties and found that the morphological changes of its self-assembly were influenced by solvent polarity and light exposure. This work enabled the synthesized molecule to undergo Z-E isomerization efficiently under light irradiation by introducing highly oriented hydrogen bonds into the cyanostilbene part. The photoisomerization of the cyanostilbene part from Z- to E-type was further exploited, leading to morphological changes from nanohelices to vesicles with chiroptical evolution. The light-modulated supramolecular chirality and nanostructure provide a green and efficient method for the design of responsive chiral materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aiyou Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengyao Xing
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Borsdorf L, Herkert L, Bäumer N, Rubert L, Soberats B, Korevaar PA, Bourque C, Gatsogiannis C, Fernández G. Pathway-Controlled Aqueous Supramolecular Polymerization via Solvent-Dependent Chain Conformation Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:8882-8895. [PMID: 37053499 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Solute-solvent interactions play a critical role in multiple fields, including biology, materials science, and (physical) organic, polymer, and supramolecular chemistry. Within the growing field of supramolecular polymer science, these interactions have been recognized as an important driving force for (entropically driven) intermolecular association, particularly in aqueous media. However, to date, solute-solvent effects remain poorly understood in the context of complex self-assembly energy landscapes and pathway complexity. Herein, we unravel the role of solute-solvent interactions in controlling chain conformation effects, allowing energy landscape modulation and pathway selection in aqueous supramolecular polymerization. To this end, we have designed a series of oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE)-based bolaamphiphilic Pt(II) complexes OPE2-4 bearing solubilizing triethylene glycol (TEG) chains of equal length on both molecule ends, but a different size of the hydrophobic aromatic scaffold. Strikingly, detailed self-assembly studies in aqueous media disclose a different tendency of the TEG chains to fold back and enwrap the hydrophobic molecular component depending on both the size of the core and the volume fraction of the co-solvent (THF). The relatively small hydrophobic component of OPE2 can be readily shielded by the TEG chains, leading to only one aggregation pathway. In contrast, the decreased capability of the TEG chains to effectively shield larger hydrophobic cores (OPE3 and OPE4) enables different types of solvent quality-dependent conformations (extended, partly back-folded and back-folded), which in turn induce various controllable aggregation pathways with distinct morphologies and mechanisms. Our results shed light on previously underappreciated solvent-dependent chain conformation effects and their role in governing pathway complexity in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Borsdorf
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lorena Herkert
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Bäumer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Llorenç Rubert
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Iles Balears, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Iles Balears, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Peter A Korevaar
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cole Bourque
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christos Gatsogiannis
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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8
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Bhaumik SK, Banerjee S. Multicolor-Luminescence Including White Light by Photomodulation of Supramolecular Assemblies in Aqueous Media. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36936-36946. [PMID: 35919994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photo-responsive supramolecular systems offer intriguing functional aspects which have led to their applications in diverse fields such as optoelectronics and biomedicine. However, the modulation of the luminescence output in a spatiotemporal fashion by photo-controlled transformation still remains a challenging task. Herein, we report the controlled regulation of the emission color of supramolecular assemblies of amphiphilic cyanostilbenes (CSs) in water through in situ photomodulation employing UV and sunlight. Due to their aggregation-induced emission (AIE) features, the CS chromophores in the supramolecular assemblies exhibited bright greenish-yellow emission. Photoirradiation predominantly led to the formation of a cyclized product exhibiting aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) features and having efficient cyan-blue emission in water but severely quenched emission in the solid state. Hence, starting from a unicomponent scaffold, photomodulation provided tunable emission ranging from greenish-yellow to cyan-blue including white light in water. Furthermore, using the contrasting AIE and ACQ behavior of the components in the photoirradiated mixtures, we were able to design rewritable fluorescent inks and encryption in solid films indicating the practical utility of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Kanti Bhaumik
- The Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246 Nadia, India
| | - Supratim Banerjee
- The Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246 Nadia, India
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9
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Zhang Y, Ding Z, Ma Y, Jiang S. Morphology-dependent photoresponsive behaviors of a self-assembled system based on a single cyanostilbene derivative. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5850-5856. [PMID: 35904072 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00691j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, photoresponsive supramolecular self-assemblies have shown great potential in various fields. However, it is still a great challenge to integrate and control multiple photoresponsive behaviors in a self-assembled system. Herein, we design a novel cyanostilbene-based molecule VOE. In the aggregated state, it has different photoresponsive behaviors under different morphologies. When VOE molecules are dispersed in a 70% H2O/THF mixture, two different assembly morphologies are obtained as the aging time changes. One is weakly emissive nanoparticles with amorphous packing arrangements, and the other is highly emissive microbelts with well-ordered stacking modes. When they are irradiated with blue light (420 nm), the disordered assembly structure of nanoparticles leads to a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction, while a Z/E isomerization reaction occurs in ordered packed microbelts. Therefore, we can use a self-assembled system to generate two different morphologies, enabling completely different emissions and photoresponsive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangdaiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zeyang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Shimei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
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10
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Xiao Y, Liu X, Li N, Pang Y, Zheng Z. Central condensed ring changes for manipulating the self-assembly and photophysical behaviors of cyanostilbene-based hexacatenars. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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11
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Du C, Zhu X, Yang C, Liu M. Stacked Reticular Frame Boosted Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Chiral Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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12
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Gao Z, Yan F, Shi L, Han Y, Qiu S, Zhang J, Wang F, Wu S, Tian W. Acylhydrazone-based supramolecular assemblies undergoing a converse sol-to-gel transition on trans → cis photoisomerization. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7892-7899. [PMID: 35865886 PMCID: PMC9258502 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01657e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoisomeric supramolecular assemblies have drawn enormous attention in recent years. Although it is a general rule that photoisomerization from a less to a more distorted isomer causes the destruction of assemblies, this photoisomerization process inducing a converse transition from irregular aggregates to regular assemblies is still a great challenge. Here, we report a converse sol-to-gel transition derived from the planar to nonplanar photoisomer conversion, which is in sharp contrast to the conventional light-induced gel collapse. A well-designed acylhydrazone-linked monomer is exploited as a photoisomer to realize the above-mentioned phase transition. In the monomer, imine is responsible for trans–cis interconversion and amide generates intermolecular hydrogen bonds enabling the photoisomerization-driven self-assembly. The counterintuitive feature of the sol-to-gel transition is ascribed to the partial trans → cis photoisomerization of acylhydrazone causing changes in stacking mode of monomers. Furthermore, the reversible phase transition is applied in the valves formed in situ in microfluidic devices, providing fascinating potential for miniature materials. A converse sol-to-gel transition system based on trans → cis photoisomerization of acylhydrazone-based supramolecular assemblies has been sucessfully established, which was applied in the gel-based microvalves that can in situ control flow by light.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Fei Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Lulu Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Yifei Han
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Si Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Wei Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
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13
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Kashyap A, Balraj V, Ramalingam V, Pattabiraman M. Unravelling Supramolecular Photocycloaddition: Cavitand-Mediated Reactivity of 3-(Aryl)Acrylic Acids. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022; 425:113695. [PMID: 35340561 PMCID: PMC8954433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The supramolecular photocycloaddition (PCA) of 3-(phenyl)acrylic acid has been extensively pursued by chemists to study weak interactions and synthesize substituted cyclobutanes. The stereo- and regioselectivity of the products in a supramolecularly affected reaction are often used as a probe for assessing the nature of weak interactions and/or molecular ambience of the reactants. However, some crucial aspects of this chemistry have often remained underexplored in the past, especially within the context of interpreting strength and directionality of interactions based on reaction outcomes. We present a detailed study of the cavitand-mediated PCA of a new and suitable reactant (3-(naphthyl)acrylic acids) that exhibits labile photo-reversible chemistry, which is suitable for exploring previously un-explored aspects of the supramolecular PCA chemistry. Our studies afford important insights about this chemistry that should be considered while using product selectivity as a proxy for deducing intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasu Balraj
- University of Nebraska Kearney, NE – 68845, USA
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14
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Xue Y, Jiang S, Zhong H, Chen Z, Wang F. Photo‐Induced Polymer Cyclization via Supramolecular Confinement of Cyanostilbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuncong Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Sixun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Ze Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
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15
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Xiaolong Z, Yuqing L, Liangwu G, Qiyuan R, Huihui W, Zhen Z, Yingpeng S, Pengxin Z, Na Y. A Highly Selective and High-Contrast Colorimetric “Off-On” Chemosensor for Cu 2+ Based on Boron-Dipyrromethene (BODIPY) Derivatives. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202204026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Xue Y, Jiang S, Zhong H, Chen Z, Wang F. Photo-Induced Polymer Cyclization via Supramolecular Confinement of Cyanostilbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202110766. [PMID: 34714571 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Efficient synthesis of cyclic polymers has received much attention in polymer chemistry field. Although photochemical cycloaddition of terminal π-bonded units provides a plausible way toward cyclic polymerization, it remains challenging to avoid side reactions by manipulating the reaction selectivity. Herein supramolecular confinement has been developed as a promising strategy to address this issue, by introducing highly directional hydrogen bonds to the photo-reactive cyanostilbenes. The cyanostilbenes units on both ends of a telechelic macromonomer are orientationally aligned with high local concentrations, yielding [2+2] photo-cycloaddition products upon 430 nm light irradiation. It leads to the formation of cyclic polymers in the self-assembled state, in stark contrast to Z-E isomerization of cyanostilbenes in the monomeric state. Overall, supramolecular confinement effect exemplified in the current study provides new avenues toward cyclic topological polymers with high synthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncong Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Sixun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ze Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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17
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Du C, Zhu X, Yang C, Liu M. Stacked Reticular Frame Boosted Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Chiral Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113979. [PMID: 34693602 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chiral covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are intriguing as advanced chiroptical materials but have not been reported to date. We constructed chiroptical COF materials with CPL activity through the convenient Knoevenagel condensation of formyl-functionalized axially chiral linkers and C3-symmetric 1,3,5-benzenetriacetonitrile. Remarkably, the as-prepared chiral COFs showed high absorption and luminescent dissymmetric factors up to 0.02 (gabs ) and 0.04 (glum ), respectively. In contrast, the branched chiral polymers from the same starting monomers were CPL silent. Structural and spectral characterization revealed that the reticular frame was indispensable for CPL generation via confined chirality transfer. Moreover, reticular stacking boosted the CPL performance significantly due to the interlayer restriction of frame. This work demonstrates the first example of a CPL-active COF and provides insight into CPL generation through covalent reticular chemistry, which will play a constructive role in the future design of high-performance CPL materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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18
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Rajdev P, Ghosh S. Thermodynamic Insights into Protein Adsorption on Supramolecular Assemblies of π-Amphiphiles. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8981-8988. [PMID: 34324355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonspecific adsorption of proteins on the surface of nanocarriers plays a critical role in their cellular uptake and other biological functions. This article reports vesicular assemblies of two π-amphiphiles (NDI-1 and NDI-2) and thermodynamic aspects of their interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Both contain a hydrophobic naphthalene-diimide (NDI) core and two oligo-oxyethylene (OE) wedges but differ by the presence of the hydrazide group in NDI-1. NDI-2 exhibits a constricted π-stacking and enthalpy-driven adsorption of BSA. In contrast, NDI-1 exhibits a stronger interaction due to enhanced entropy contribution. It is postulated that a tight packing of NDI chromophores in NDI-2 results in an inadequate space in the corona, leading to the dehydration of OE chains, which contributes to the observed enthalpy-driven binding. On the other hand, due to H-bonding along the direction of π-stacking in NDI-1, an enhanced interchromophoric distance provides more space in the shell, resulting in less dehydration of the OE chains, which results in an entropy gain from the BSA binding-induced release of water from the OE chains. Intercalation of an electron-rich pyrene in the electron-deficient NDI-1 stack further reduces the grafting density of the OE chains, resulting in negligible BSA adsorption, similar to a stealth polymer. A correlation can be seen between the thermodynamic landscape of the protein adsorption and the trend of their lower critical solution temperature (LCST), which follows the order NDI-1 + Py < NDI-1 < NDI-2.
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19
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Globular Aggregates Stemming from the Self-Assembly of an Amphiphilic N-Annulated Perylene Bisimide in Aqueous Media. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061457. [PMID: 34072824 PMCID: PMC8228590 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis of highly emissive amphiphilic N-annulated PBI 1 decorated with oligo ethylene glycol (OEG) side chains. These polar side chains allow the straightforward solubility of 1 in solvents of different polarity such as water, iPrOH, dioxane, or chloroform. Compound 1 self-assembles in aqueous media by π-stacking of the aromatic units and van der Waals interactions, favored by the hydrophobic effect. The hypo- and hypsochromic effect observed in the UV-Vis spectra of 1 in water in comparison to chloroform is diagnostic of H-type aggregation. Solvent denaturation experiments allow deriving the free Gibbs energy for the self-assembly process in aqueous media and the factor m that is indicative of the influence exerted by a good solvent in the stability of the final aggregates. The ability of compound 1 to self-assemble in water yields globular aggregates that have been visualized by TEM imaging.
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20
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Matarranz B, Ghosh G, Kandanelli R, Sampedro A, Kartha KK, Fernández G. Understanding the role of conjugation length on the self-assembly behaviour of oligophenyleneethynylenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4890-4893. [PMID: 33908487 PMCID: PMC8132183 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01054a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oligophenyleneethynylenes (OPEs) are prominent building blocks with exciting optical and supramolecular properties. However, their generally small spectroscopic changes upon aggregation make the analysis of their self-assembly challenging, especially in the absence of additional hydrogen bonds. Herein, by investigating a series of OPEs of increasing size, we have unravelled the role of the conjugation length on the self-assembly properties of OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Matarranz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Ramesh Kandanelli
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Angel Sampedro
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Kalathil K Kartha
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
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21
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Yu Y, Shao G, Zhang W. A crystallization driven thermoresponsive transition in a liquid crystalline polymer. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00996f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new thermoresponsive transition in a liquid crystalline polymer is found and the reason leading to the thermoresponse is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guangran Shao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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22
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Mukherjee A, Ghosh S. Phototriggered Supramolecular Assembly. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32140-32148. [PMID: 33376852 PMCID: PMC7758898 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most of the supramolecular structures lack accuracy at the macroscopic scale because of their spontaneous uncontrolled self-assembly. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the pros and cons of various directional noncovalent interactions and their specific molecular recognition ability, it is only in the recent past that the focus has been shifted toward controlling the dimension, dispersity, and other macroscopic properties of supramolecular assemblies. In this context, recent examples encompass various external stimuli to gain the structural precision in supramolecular assembly, among which light-triggered supramolecular assembly has gained significant interest as it is reagent free and endows the possibility of the controlled synthesis of supramolecular assemblies via manipulation of the light energy, irradiation time, or spatial control. This mini-review highlights representative recent examples of phototriggered supramolecular assemblies (from the monomer or another type of assembly) by removal of a photolabile protecting group, photoisomerization, or other methods of photoactivation of a dormant building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Mukherjee
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary
Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation
of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, India 700032
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary
Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation
of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, India 700032
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23
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Bai S, Ma LL, Yang T, Wang F, Wang LF, Hahn FE, Wang YY, Han YF. Supramolecular-induced regiocontrol over the photochemical [4 + 4] cyclodimerization of NHC- or azole-substituted anthracenes. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2165-2171. [PMID: 34163981 PMCID: PMC8179318 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06017h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thanks to the impressive control that microenvironments within enzymes can have over substrates, many biological reactions occur with high regio- and stereoselectivity. However, comparable regio- and stereoselectivity is extremely difficult to achieve for many types of reactions, particularly photochemical cycloaddition reactions in homogeneous solutions. Here, we describe a supramolecular templating strategy that enables photochemical [4 + 4] cycloaddition of 2,6-difunctionalized anthracenes with unique regio- and stereoselectivity and reactivity using a concept known as the supramolecular approach. The reaction of 2,6-azolium substituted anthracenes H4-L(PF6)2 (L = 1a–1c) with Ag2O yielded complexes anti-[Ag2L2](PF6)4 featuring an antiparallel orientation of the anthracene groups. Irradiation of complexes anti-[Ag2L2](PF6)4 proceeded under [4 + 4] cycloaddition linking the two anthracene moieties to give cyclodimers anti-[Ag2(2)](PF6)2. Reaction of 2,6-azole substituted anthracenes with a dinuclear complex [Cl-Au-NHC–NHC-Au-Cl] yields tetranuclear assemblies with the anthracene moieties oriented in syn-fashion. Irradiation and demetallation gives a [4 + 4] syn-photodimer of two anthracenes. The stereoselectivity of the [4 + 4] cycloaddition between two anthracene moieties is determined by their orientation in the metallosupramolecular assemblies. A supramolecular templating strategy that enables the photochemical [4 + 4] cycloaddition of 2,6-difunctionalized anthracene derivatives with unique stereoselectivity has been developed based on metal-NHC units.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - F Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
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