1
|
Petrus E, Buils J, Garay-Ruiz D, Segado-Centellas M, Bo C. POMSimulator: An open-source tool for predicting the aqueous speciation and self-assembly mechanisms of polyoxometalates. J Comput Chem 2024. [PMID: 38826122 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Elucidating the speciation (in terms of concentration versus pH) and understanding the formation mechanisms of polyoxometalates remains a significant challenge, both in experimental and computational domains. POMSimulator is a new methodology that tackles this problem from a purely computational perspective. The methodology uses results from quantum mechanics based methods to automatically set up the chemical reaction network, and to build speciation models. As a result, it becomes possible to predict speciation and phase diagrams, as well as to derive new insights into the formation mechanisms of large molecular clusters. In this work we present the main features of the first open-source version of the software. Since the first report [Chem. Sci. 2020, 11, 8448-8456], POMSimulator has undergone several improvements to keep up with the growing challenges that were tackled. After four years of research, we recognize that the source code is sufficiently stable to share a polished and user-friendly version. The Python code, manual, examples, and install instructions can be found at https://github.com/petrusen/pomsimulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enric Petrus
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, EAWAG: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Buils
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Diego Garay-Ruiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mireia Segado-Centellas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carles Bo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li K, Zhang S, Zhu KL, Cui LP, Yang L, Chen JJ. Revealing the Electrocatalytic Self-Assembly Route from Building Blocks into Giant Mo-Blue Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37922444 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of single-core molybdate into hundreds of cores of giant molybdenum blue (Mo-blue) clusters has remained a long-standing unresolved scientific puzzle. To reveal this fascinating self-assembly behavior, we demonstrate an aqueous flowing in-operando Raman characterization system to capture the building blocks' evolution from the "black box" reaction process. We successfully visualized the sequential transformation of Na2MoO4 into Mo7O246- ({Mo7}), high nuclear Mo36O1128- ({Mo36}) cluster, and finally polymerization product of [H6K2Mo3O12(SO4)]n ({Mo3(SO4)}n) during the H2SO4 acidification. Notably, the facile conversion of {Mo3(SO4)}n back to the {Mo36} cluster by simple dilution is also discovered. Furthermore, we identified {Mo36} and {Mo3(SO4)}n as exclusive precursors responsible for driving the electrochemical self-assembly of {Mo154} and {Mo102}, respectively. The study also unravels a pivotal intermediate, the pentagonal reduced state fragment [H18MoVI4MoVO24]-, originating from {Mo36}, which catalyzes the autocatalytic self-assembly of {Mo154} with electron and proton injection during electrochemical processes. Concurrently, {Mo3(SO4)}n serves as the indispensable precursor for {Mo102} formation, generating sulfation pentagon building blocks of [H2Na2O2(H4MoVMoVI4O16SO4)4]4- that facilitate the consecutive assembly of giant {Mo102} sphere clusters. As a result, a complete elucidation of the assembly pathway of giant Mo-blue clusters derived from single-core molybdate was obtained, and H+/e- redox couple is revealed to play a critical role in catalyzing the deassembly of the precursor, leading to the formation of thermodynamically stable intermediates essential for further self-assembly of reduced state giant clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Kai-Ling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Li-Ping Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Le Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jia-Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Malcolm D, Vilà-Nadal L. Computational Study into the Effects of Countercations on the [P 8W 48O 184] 40- Polyoxometalate Wheel. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2023; 3:274-282. [PMID: 37810411 PMCID: PMC10557121 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Porous metal oxide materials have been obtained from a ring-shaped macrocyclic polyoxometalate (POM) structural building unit, [P8W48O184]40-. This is a tungsten oxide building block with an integrated "pore" of 1 nm in diameter, which, when connected with transition metal linkers, can assemble frameworks across a range of dimensions and which are generally referred to as POMzites. Our investigation proposes to gain a better understanding into the basic chemistry of this POM, specifically local electron densities and locations of countercations within and without the aforementioned pore. Through a rigorous benchmarking process, we discovered that 8 potassium cations, located within the pore, provided us with the most accurate model in terms of mimicking empirical properties to a sufficient degree of accuracy while also requiring a relatively small number of computer cores and hours to successfully complete a calculation. Additionally, we analyzed two other similar POMs from the literature, [As8W48O184]40- and [Se8W48O176]32-, in the hopes of determining whether they could be similarly incorporated into a POMzite network; given their close semblance in terms of local electron densities and interaction with potassium cations, we judge these POMs to be theoretically suitable as POMzite building blocks. Finally, we experimented with substituting different cations into the [P8W48O184]40- pore to observe the effect on pore dimensions and overall reactivity; we observed that the monocationic structures, particularly the Li8[P8W48O184]32- framework, yielded the least polarized structures. This correlates with the literature, validating our methodology for determining general POM characteristics and properties moving forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Malcolm
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Laia Vilà-Nadal
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Petrus E, Garay-Ruiz D, Reiher M, Bo C. Multi-Time-Scale Simulation of Complex Reactive Mixtures: How Do Polyoxometalates Form? J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18920-18930. [PMID: 37496164 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of reactive mixtures still challenges both experiments and theory. A relevant example can be found in the chemistry of molecular metal-oxide nanoclusters, also known as polyoxometalates. The high number of species potentially involved, the interconnectivity of the reaction network, and the precise control of the pH and concentrations needed in the synthesis of such species make the theoretical/computational treatment of such processes cumbersome. This work addresses this issue relying on a unique combination of recently developed computational methods that tackle the construction, kinetic simulation, and analysis of complex chemical reaction networks. By using the Bell-Evans-Polanyi approximation for estimating activation energies, and an accurate and robust linear scaling for correcting the computed pKa values, we report herein multi-time-scale kinetic simulations for the self-assembly processes of polyoxotungstates that comprise 22 orders of magnitude, from tens of femtoseconds to months of reaction time. This very large time span was required to reproduce very fast processes such as the acid/base equilibria (at 10-12 s), relatively slow reactions such as the formation of key clusters such as the metatungstate (at 103 s), and the very slow assembly of the decatungstate (at 106 s). Analysis of the kinetic data and of the reaction network topology shed light onto the details of the main reaction mechanisms, which explains the origin of kinetic and thermodynamic control followed by the reaction. Simulations at alkaline pH fully reproduce experimental evidence since clusters do not form under those conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enric Petrus
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avenida Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Diego Garay-Ruiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avenida Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Markus Reiher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Carles Bo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avenida Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel•li Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aziz I, Kaltwasser S, Kayastha K, Khera R, Vonck J, Ermler U. The molybdenum storage protein forms and deposits distinct polynuclear tungsten oxygen aggregates. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 234:111904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
6
|
Petrus E, Segado-Centellas M, Bo C. Computational Prediction of Speciation Diagrams and Nucleation Mechanisms: Molecular Vanadium, Niobium, and Tantalum Oxide Nanoclusters in Solution. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13708-13718. [PMID: 35998382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the aqueous speciation of molecular metal-oxo-clusters plays a key role in different fields such as catalysis, electrochemistry, nuclear waste recycling, and biochemistry. To describe the speciation accurately, it is essential to elucidate the underlying self-assembly processes. Herein, we apply a computational method to predict the speciation and formation mechanisms of polyoxovanadates, -niobates, and -tantalates. While polyoxovanadates have been widely studied, polyoxoniobates and -tantalates lack the same level of understanding. First, we propose a pentavanadate cluster ([V5O14]3-) as a key intermediate for the formation of the decavanadate. Our computed phase speciation diagram is in particularly good agreement with the experiments. Second, we report the formation constants of the heptaniobate, [Nb7O22]9-, decaniobate, [Nb10O28]6-, and tetracosaniobate [H9Nb24O72]15-. Additionally, we compute the speciation and phase diagram of niobium, which so far was restricted to Lindqvist derivates. Finally, we predict the formation constant of the decatantalate ([Ta10O26]6-) in water, even though it had only been synthesized in toluene. Furthermore, we also calculate the corresponding speciation and phase diagrams for polyoxotantalates. Overall, we show that our method can be successfully applied to different families of molecular metal oxides without any need for readjustments; therefore, it can be regarded as a trustworthy tool for exploring polyoxometalates' chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enric Petrus
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Física i Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel•lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mireia Segado-Centellas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carles Bo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Física i Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel•lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kollias L, Rousseau R, Glezakou VA, Salvalaglio M. Understanding Metal-Organic Framework Nucleation from a Solution with Evolving Graphs. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11099-11109. [PMID: 35709413 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of metal-organic framework (MOF) synthesis and scale-up remains underexplored due to the complex nature of the interactions of their building blocks. In this work, we investigate the collective assembly of building units at the early stages of MOF nucleation, using MIL-101(Cr) as a prototypical example. Using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we observe that the choice of solvent (water and N,N-dimethylformamide), the introduction of ions (Na+ and F-) and the relative populations of MIL-101(Cr) half-secondary building unit (half-SBU) isomers have a strong influence on the cluster formation process. Additionally, the shape, size, nucleation and growth rates, crystallinity, and short and long-range order largely vary depending on the synthesis conditions. We evaluate these properties as they naturally emerge when interpreting the self-assembly of MOF nuclei as the time evolution of an undirected graph. Solution-induced conformational complexity and ionic concentration have a dramatic effect on the morphology of clusters emerging during assembly. While pure solvents lead to the rapid formation of a small number of large clusters, the presence of ions in aqueous solutions results in smaller clusters and slower nucleation. This diversity is captured by the key features of the graph representation. Principle component analysis on graph properties reveals that only a small number of molecular descriptors is needed to deconvolute MOF self-assembly. Descriptors such as the average coordination number between half-SBUs and fractal dimension are of particulalr interest as they can be can be followed experimentally by techniques like by time-resolved spectroscopy. Ultimately, graph theory emerges as an approach that can be used to understand complex processes revealing molecular descriptors accessible by both simulation and experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loukas Kollias
- Basic and Applied Molecular Foundations, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Basic and Applied Molecular Foundations, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou
- Basic and Applied Molecular Foundations, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Matteo Salvalaglio
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kondinski A, Rasmussen M, Mangelsen S, Pienack N, Simjanoski V, Näther C, Stares DL, Schalley CA, Bensch W. Composition-driven archetype dynamics in polyoxovanadates. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6397-6412. [PMID: 35733899 PMCID: PMC9159092 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01004f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular metal oxides often adopt common structural frameworks (i.e. archetypes), many of them boasting impressive structural robustness and stability. However, the ability to adapt and to undergo transformations between different structural archetypes is a desirable material design feature offering applicability in different environments. Using systems thinking approach that integrates synthetic, analytical and computational techniques, we explore the transformations governing the chemistry of polyoxovanadates (POVs) constructed of arsenate and vanadate building units. The water-soluble salt of the low nuclearity polyanion [V6As8O26]4− can be effectively used for the synthesis of the larger spherical (i.e. kegginoidal) mixed-valent [V12As8O40]4− precipitate, while the novel [V10As12O40]8− POVs having tubular cyclic structures are another, well soluble product. Surprisingly, in contrast to the common observation that high-nuclearity polyoxometalate (POM) clusters are fragmented to form smaller moieties in solution, the low nuclearity [V6As8O26]4− anion is in situ transformed into the higher nuclearity cluster anions. The obtained products support a conceptually new model that is outlined in this article and that describes a continuous evolution between spherical and cyclic POV assemblies. This new model represents a milestone on the way to rational and designable POV self-assemblies. Systems-based elucidation of the polyoxovanadate speciation reveals that heterogroup substitution can transform spherical kegginoids into tubular architectures in a programmable manner.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Kondinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive S CB3 0AS UK
| | - Maren Rasmussen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Sebastian Mangelsen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Nicole Pienack
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Viktor Simjanoski
- Primer affiliate of University of Chicago Master Program Chicago IL USA
| | - Christian Näther
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Daniel L Stares
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin Arnimallee 20 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin Arnimallee 20 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bensch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel 24118 Kiel Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wilke M, Casati N. A new route to polyoxometalates via mechanochemistry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1146-1151. [PMID: 35211281 PMCID: PMC8790782 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05111c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry offers a new route to polyoxometalates (POMs) under mild conditions. The molybdenum isoPOM heptamolybdate and the molybdenum heteroPOMs of the Strandberg- and Keggin-type could be achieved from grinding together molybdenum oxide, potassium or ammonium carbonate and phosphate. The reactions were controlled by the stoichiometric ratio of the starting materials and the liquid used, with reaction times between 30 min and 3 h. In situ investigations of the syntheses reveal the formation of intermediates during the reactions. Their identification helps explaining the mechanism of formation of the intermediates as well as the final POMs. Under mild conditions, molybdenum POMs could be achieved mechanochemically from simple building blocks, within short reaction times. In situ investigations reveal the formation of intermediates and help explaining the mechanism behind the reaction.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Wilke
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation - Condensed Matter, Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Nicola Casati
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation - Condensed Matter, Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Petrus E, Bo C. Unlocking Phase Diagrams for Molybdenum and Tungsten Nanoclusters and Prediction of their Formation Constants. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5212-5219. [PMID: 34086467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling aqueous speciation of metal oxides are key for the discovery and development of novel materials, and challenge both experimental and computational approaches. Here we present a computational method, called POMSimulator, which is able to predict speciation phase diagrams (Conc. vs pH) for multispecies chemical equilibria in solution, and which we apply to molybdenum and tungsten isopolyoxoanions (IPAs). Starting from the MO4 monomers, and considering dimers, trimers, and larger species, the chemical reaction networks involved in the formation of [H32Mo36O128]8- and [W12O42]12- are sampled in an automatic manner. This information is used for setting up ∼105 speciation models, and from there, we generate the speciation phase diagrams, which show an insightful picture of the behavior of IPAs in aqueous solution. Furthermore, we predict the values of 107 formation constants for a diversity of molybdenum and tungsten molecular oxides. Among these species, we could include several pentagonal-shaped species and very reactive tungsten intermediates as well. Last but not least, the calibration employed for correcting the density functional theory (DFT) Gibbs energies is remarkably similar for both metals, which suggests that a general rule might exist for correcting computed free energies for other metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enric Petrus
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carles Bo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Física i Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel•lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chakraborty S, Petel BE, Schreiber E, Matson EM. Atomically precise vanadium-oxide clusters. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1293-1318. [PMID: 36132875 PMCID: PMC9419539 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00877j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyoxovanadate (POV) clusters are an important subclass of polyoxometalates with a broad range of molecular compositions and physicochemical properties. One relatively underdeveloped application of these polynuclear assemblies involves their use as atomically precise, homogenous molecular models for bulk metal oxides. Given the structural and electronic similarities of POVs and extended vanadium oxide materials, as well as the relative ease of modifying the homogenous congeners, investigation of the chemical and physical properties of pristine and modified cluster complexes presents a method toward understanding the influence of structural modifications (e.g. crystal structure/phase, chemical makeup of surface ligands, elemental dopants) on the properties of extended solids. This review summarises recent advances in the use of POV clusters as atomically precise models for bulk metal oxides, with particular focus on the assembly of vanadium oxide clusters and the consequences of altering the molecular composition of the assembly via organofunctionalization and the incorporation of elemental "dopants".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brittney E Petel
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - Eric Schreiber
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - Ellen M Matson
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry Rochester NY 14627 USA
| |
Collapse
|