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Redhu S, Singh D, Nehra K, Kumar S, Malik RS, Kumar P, Sindhu J. Computational and optoelectronic investigations of red-emissive europium (III) β-diketonate with n-donor ligands for display applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 315:124307. [PMID: 38653075 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Europium complexes exhibiting red luminescence were prepared by employing β-diketone as main ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline as an additional ligand. Various methods, including 1H NMR, IR spectroscopy and analysis of optical band gap were employed to examine these complexes. The luminescent photophysical properties were investigated using PL spectroscopy and theoretical calculations were conducted to explore radiative transitions probabilities and Judd-Ofelt (J-O) parameters for transitions of type 5D0 → 7F2, 4. J-O parameters were determined using the JOES computer program and results were in good agreement with the outcomes obtained experimentally. The luminescence analysis results have verified the vibrant, single-color red emission of the prepared complexes. The band gap of ternary europium complexes, determined optically, electronically, and theoretically, falls within the range of 3-4 eV. This similarity indicates that these complexes are potentially suitable as semiconductor materials. The results from absorption, electrochemical and photophysical analyses indicate the potential use of synthesized complexes in lighting and display applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Redhu
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Devender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Kapeesha Nehra
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, DCR University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Rajender Singh Malik
- Department of Chemistry, DCR University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Parvin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Jayant Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, COBSandH, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
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2
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Freire MS, Silva HJB, Albuquerque GM, Monte JP, Lima MTA, Silva JJ, Pereira GAL, Pereira G. Advances on chalcogenide quantum dots-based sensors for environmental pollutants monitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172848. [PMID: 38703843 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Water contamination represents a significant ecological impact with global consequences, contributing to water scarcity worldwide. The presence of several pollutants, including heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and pathogens, in water resources underscores a pressing global concern, prompting the European Union (EU) to establish a Water Watch List to monitor the level of these substances. Nowadays, the standard methods used to detect and quantify these contaminants are mainly liquid or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/GC-MS). While these methodologies offer precision and accuracy, they require expensive equipment and experienced technicians, and cannot be used on the field. In this context, chalcogenide quantum dots (QDs)-based sensors have emerged as promising, user-friendly, practical, and portable tools for environmental monitoring. QDs are semiconductor nanocrystals that possess excellent properties, and have demonstrated versatility across various sensor types, such as fluorescent, electrochemical, plasmonic, and colorimetric ones. This review summarizes recent advances (2019-2023) in the use of chalcogenide QDs for environmental sensing, highlighting the development of sensors capable of detect efficiently heavy metals, anions, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, endocrine disrupting compounds, organic dyes, toxic gases, nitroaromatics, and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mércia S Freire
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Hitalo J B Silva
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Joalen P Monte
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Max T A Lima
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Jailson J Silva
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Giovannia A L Pereira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Goreti Pereira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Departamento de Química & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Félix G, Kulakova AN, Sene S, Khrustalev VN, Hernández-Rodríguez MA, Shubina ES, Pelluau T, Carlos LD, Guari Y, Carneiro Neto AN, Bilyachenko AN, Larionova J. Luminescent Ln 3+-based silsesquioxanes with a β-diketonate antenna ligand: toward the design of efficient temperature sensors. Front Chem 2024; 12:1379587. [PMID: 38633984 PMCID: PMC11022212 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1379587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, magnetic, and luminescence measurements of a novel family of luminescent cage-like tetranuclear silsesquioxanes (PhSiO1.5)8(LnO1.5)4(O)(C5H8O2)6(EtOH)2(CH3CN)2⋅2CH3CN (where Ln = Tb, 1; Tb/Eu, 2; and Gd, 3), featuring seven-coordinated lanthanide ions arranged in a one-capped trigonal prism geometry. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit characteristic Tb3+ and Tb3+/Eu3+-related emissions, respectively, sensitized by the chelating antenna acetylacetonate (acac) ligands upon excitation in the UV and visible spectral regions. Compound 3 is used to assess the energies of the triplet states of the acac ligand. For compound 1, theoretical calculations on the intramolecular energy transfer and multiphonon rates indicate a thermal balance between the 5D4 Stark components, while the mixed Tb3+/Eu3+ analog 2, with a Tb:Eu ratio of 3:1, showcases intra-cluster Tb3+-to-Eu3+ energy transfer, calculated theoretically as a function of temperature. By utilizing the intensity ratio between the 5D4→7F5 (Tb3+) and 5D0→7F2 (Eu3+) transitions in the range 11-373 K, we demonstrate the realization of a ratiometric luminescent thermometer with compound 2, operating in the range 11-373 K with a maximum relative sensitivity of 2.0% K-1 at 373 K. These findings highlight the potential of cage-like silsesquioxanes as versatile materials for optical sensing-enabled applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Félix
- CNRS, ENSCM, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alena N Kulakova
- CNRS, ENSCM, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Saad Sene
- CNRS, ENSCM, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Victor N Khrustalev
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Miguel A Hernández-Rodríguez
- Phantom-g, Physics Department and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Elena S Shubina
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Luís D Carlos
- Phantom-g, Physics Department and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Yannick Guari
- CNRS, ENSCM, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Albano N Carneiro Neto
- Phantom-g, Physics Department and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alexey N Bilyachenko
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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Yin Y, Luo R, Wang W, Wang R, Jiang N, Chen P, Yu HJ, Bi SY, Shao F. A dysprosium(III)-based triple helical-like complex as a turn-on/off fluorescence sensor for Al(III) and 4,5-dimethyl-2-nitroaniline. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5544-5552. [PMID: 38426260 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03546h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A novel triple helical-like complex [Dy2K2L3(NO3)2]·3DMF (1) based on a designed Schiff base N'1,N'3-bis((E)-3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-malonohydrazide (H4L) was synthesized with good chemical and thermal stabilities. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis showed that 1 presents a tetranuclear triple helical-like structure via the coordination mode of Dy : K : L with 2 : 2 : 3 stoichiometry. Fluorescence measurements showed that 1@EtOH has excellent fluorescence turn-on/off response ability for aluminium ions and 4,5-dimethyl-2-nitroaniline (DMNA) with outstanding selectivity, sensitivity, and anti-interference ability. The calculated limit of detection (LOD) values for 1@EtOH to Al3+ and DMNA were found to be 0.53 and 3.33 μM, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation showed that the fluorescence response mechanism can be explained by the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism; meanwhile, the inner filter effect (IFE) of DMNA can also affect the emission of 1@EtOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Rong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Hai-Jun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Shuang-Yu Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Feng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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5
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Chiang PY, Zeng PH, Yeh YC. Luminescent lanthanide-containing gelatin/polydextran/laponite nanocomposite double-network hydrogels for processing and sensing applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129359. [PMID: 38242388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Lanthanide-containing nanomaterials have gained significant popularity for their utilization in polymeric networks, enabling the creation of luminescent nanocomposites for advanced applications. In this study, we developed a new type of lanthanide-containing nanocomposite hydrogels by incorporating terbium-containing laponite (Tb3+@Lap) into the networks of polyethyleneimine-modified gelatin/polydextran aldehyde (PG/PDA) through dynamic bonds. The structures and properties of the Tb3+@Lap-containing nanocomposite double-network (ncDN) hydrogels were comprehensively investigated in comparison with the DN hydrogels with a pure polymeric network and the Lap-containing ncDN hydrogels. The PG/PDA/Tb3+@Lap ncDN hydrogels with multiple dynamic bonds (i.e., imine bonds, coordination bonds, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions) exhibited remarkable characteristics of shear-thinning and self-healing, making them suitable for the construction of hydrogel scaffolds on a macroscale using fabrication techniques such as electrospinning and 3D printing. Moreover, the PG/PDA/Tb3+@Lap ncDN hydrogels have been demonstrated to act as sensitive and selective luminescent sensors for detecting copper ions. Taken together, a versatile lanthanide-containing ncDN hydrogel platform capable of dynamic features is developed for processing and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chiang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Han Zeng
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheun Yeh
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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6
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Li H, Bai J, Chen Y, Du C, Chen M, Wang J. Achieving Cross Time-Domain Multiplexed Signal Cascade and Cancer Exosomes Identification by Bridging Long Lifetime Phosphor to NIR-II Lanthanide Energy Transfer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309955. [PMID: 38415899 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Designing lanthanide luminescence lifetime sensors in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window holds great potentials for physiological studies. However, the single lifetime signal is confined to one or two orders of magnitude of signal variation, which limits the sensitivity of lifetime probes. In this study, a lifetime cascade system, i.e., ZGO:Mn, Eu-DNA-1/TCPP-PEI70K @Yb-AptEpCAM , with a variety of signals (τm , τn , τµ , τm /τn and τm /τµ ) is constructed for exosome identification using time-domain multiplexing. The sensitized ligand TCPP acts as both target-modulated switch and a bridge for connecting long lifetime ZGO:Mn, Eu-DNA-1 emitter to lanthanide Yb3+ . This drives successive dual-path energy transfer and forms two D(donor) -A(acceptor) pairs. The lifetime variation is dominantly modulated by arranging TCPP as energy intermediate relay to covert milliseconds to nanoseconds to microseconds. It enables a broad lifetime range of six orders of magnitude. The presence of exosome specifically recognizes aptamers on TCPP-PEI70K @Yb-AptEpCAM to impede D-A pairs and reverse multiplexed response signals of the lifetime cascade system. The ratio lifetime signals τm /τn and τm /τµ achieve prominent exosome quantification and exosome type differentiation attributed to signal amplification. The cascade system relying on lifetime criteria can realize precise quantization and provide an effective strategy for subsequent physiological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Junjie Bai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yafei Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Cheng Du
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Mingli Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
- Analytical and Testing Center, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
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Bąk KM, Trzaskowski B, Chmielewski MJ. Anion-templated synthesis of a switchable fluorescent [2]catenane with sulfate sensing capability. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1796-1809. [PMID: 38303949 PMCID: PMC10829038 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05086f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Anion templation strategies have facilitated the synthesis of various catenane and rotaxane hosts capable of strong and selective binding of anions in competitive solvents. However, this approach has primarily relied on positively charged precursors, limiting the structural diversity and the range of potential applications of the anion-templated mechanically interlocked molecules. Here we demonstrate the synthesis of a rare electroneutral [2]catenane using a powerful, doubly charged sulfate template and a complementary diamidocarbazole-based hydrogen bonding precursor. Owing to the unique three-dimensional hydrogen bonding cavity and the embedded carbazole fluorophores, the resulting catenane receptor functions as a sensitive fluorescent turn-ON sensor for the highly hydrophilic sulfate, even in the presence of a large excess of water. Importantly, the [2]catenane exhibits enhanced binding affinity and selectivity for sulfate over its parent macrocycle and other acyclic diamidocarbazole-based receptors. We demonstrate also, for the first time, that the co-conformation of the catenane may be controlled by reversible acid/base induced protonation and deprotonation of the anionic template, SO42-. This approach pioneers a new strategy to induce molecular motion of interlocked components using switchable anionic templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M Bąk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał J Chmielewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
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Martinon TLM, Pierre VC. Luminescent lanthanide probes for cations and anions: Promises, compromises, and caveats. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102374. [PMID: 37517109 PMCID: PMC10529829 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The long luminescence lifetimes and sharp emission bands of luminescent lanthanide complexes have long been recognized as invaluable strengths for sensing and imaging in complex aqueous biological or environmental media. Herein we discuss the recent developments of these probes for sensing metal ions and, increasingly, anions. Underappreciated in the field, buffers and metal hydrolysis influence the response of many responsive lanthanide probes. The inherent complexities arising from these interactions are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut L M Martinon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis MN 55455, USA
| | - Valérie C Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis MN 55455, USA.
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9
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Li Q, Zhou Y. Recent advances in fluorescent materials for mercury(ii) ion detection. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19429-19446. [PMID: 37383685 PMCID: PMC10294291 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02410e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Invading mercury would cause many serious health hazards such as kidney damage, genetic freak, and nerve injury to human body. Thus, developing highly efficient and convenient mercury detection methods is of great significance for environmental governance and protection of public health. Motivated by this problem, various testing technologies for detecting trace mercury in the environment, food, medicines or daily chemicals have been developed. Among them, the fluorescence sensing technology is a sensitive and efficient detection method for detecting Hg2+ ions due to its simple operation, rapid response and economic value. This review aims to discuss the recent advances in fluorescent materials for Hg2+ ion detection. We reviewed the Hg2+ sensing materials and divided them into seven categories according to the sensing mechanism: static quenching, photoinduced electron transfer, intramolecular charge transfer, aggregation-induced emission, metallophilic interaction, mercury-induced reactions and ligand-to-metal energy transfer. The challenges and prospects of fluorescent Hg2+ ion probes are briefly presented. We hope that this review can provide some new insights and guidance for the design and development of novel fluorescent Hg2+ ion probes to promote their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Li
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University Fuzhou 344000 China
| | - You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
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10
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Ren Y, Ma Z, Gao T, Liang Y. Advance Progress on Luminescent Sensing of Nitroaromatics by Crystalline Lanthanide-Organic Complexes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114481. [PMID: 37298958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Water environment pollution is becoming an increasingly serious issue due to industrial pollutants with the rapid development of modern industry. Among many pollutants, the toxic and explosive nitroaromatics are used extensively in the chemical industry, resulting in environmental pollution of soil and groundwater. Therefore, the detection of nitroaromatics is of great significance to environmental monitoring, citizen life and homeland security. Lanthanide-organic complexes with controllable structural features and excellent optical performance have been rationally designed and successfully prepared and used as lanthanide-based sensors for the detection of nitroaromatics. This review will focus on crystalline luminescent lanthanide-organic sensing materials with different dimensional structures, including the 0D discrete structure, 1D and 2D coordination polymers and the 3D framework. Large numbers of studies have shown that several nitroaromatics could be detected by crystalline lanthanide-organic-complex-based sensors, for instance, nitrobenzene (NB), nitrophenol (4-NP or 2-NP), trinitrophenol (TNP) and so on. The various fluorescence detection mechanisms were summarized and sorted out in the review, which might help researchers or readers to comprehensively understand the mechanism of the fluorescence detection of nitroaromatics and provide a theoretical basis for the rational design of new crystalline lanthanide-organic complex-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixia Ren
- Laboratory of New Energy and New Function Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Zhihu Ma
- Laboratory of New Energy and New Function Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Laboratory of New Energy and New Function Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Yucang Liang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Shipton ML, Jamion FA, Wheeler S, Riley AM, Plasser F, Potter BVL, Butler SJ. Expedient synthesis and luminescence sensing of the inositol pyrophosphate cellular messenger 5-PP-InsP 5. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4979-4985. [PMID: 37206391 PMCID: PMC10189900 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06812e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol pyrophosphates are important biomolecules associated with apoptosis, cell growth and kinase regulation, yet their exact biological roles are still emerging and probes do not exist for their selective detection. We report the first molecular probe for the selective and sensitive detection of the most abundant cellular inositol pyrophosphate 5-PP-InsP5, as well as an efficient new synthesis. The probe is based on a macrocyclic Eu(iii) complex bearing two quinoline arms providing a free coordination site at the Eu(iii) metal centre. Bidentate binding of the pyrophosphate group of 5-PP-InsP5 to the Eu(iii) ion is proposed, supported by DFT calculations, giving rise to a selective enhancement in Eu(iii) emission intensity and lifetime. We demonstrate the use of time-resolved luminescence as a bioassay tool for monitoring enzymatic processes in which 5-PP-InsP5 is consumed. Our probe offers a potential screening methodology to identify drug-like compounds that modulate the activity of enzymes of inositol pyrophosphate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Shipton
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3QT UK
| | - Fathima A Jamion
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - Simon Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - Andrew M Riley
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3QT UK
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3QT UK
| | - Stephen J Butler
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
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Hooda A, Singh D, Nehra K, Dalal A, Kumar S, Malik RS, Rathi B, Kumar P. Luminescent Tb(III) complexes with Lewis bases for displays: Synthesis and spectral investigation. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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13
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Morozov B, Oshchepkov AS, Klemt I, Agafontsev AM, Krishna S, Hampel F, Xu HG, Mokhir A, Guldi D, Kataev E. Supramolecular Recognition of Cytidine Phosphate in Nucleotides and RNA Sequences. JACS AU 2023; 3:964-977. [PMID: 37006770 PMCID: PMC10052242 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular recognition of nucleotides would enable manipulating crucial biochemical pathways like transcription and translation directly and with high precision. Therefore, it offers great promise in medicinal applications, not least in treating cancer or viral infections. This work presents a universal supramolecular approach to target nucleoside phosphates in nucleotides and RNA. The artificial active site in new receptors simultaneously realizes several binding and sensing mechanisms: encapsulation of a nucleobase via dispersion and hydrogen bonding interactions, recognition of the phosphate residue, and a self-reporting feature-"turn-on" fluorescence. Key to the high selectivity is the conscious separation of phosphate- and nucleobase-binding sites by introducing specific spacers in the receptor structure. We have tuned the spacers to achieve high binding affinity and selectivity for cytidine 5' triphosphate coupled to a record 60-fold fluorescence enhancement. The resulting structures are also the first functional models of poly(rC)-binding protein coordinating specifically to C-rich RNA oligomers, e.g., the 5'-AUCCC(C/U) sequence present in poliovirus type 1 and the human transcriptome. The receptors bind to RNA in human ovarian cells A2780, causing strong cytotoxicity at 800 nM. The performance, self-reporting property, and tunability of our approach open up a promising and unique avenue for sequence-specific RNA binding in cells by using low-molecular-weight artificial receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris
S. Morozov
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | | | - Insa Klemt
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Aleksandr M. Agafontsev
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Swathi Krishna
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular
Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Hong-Gui Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Dirk Guldi
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular
Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Evgeny Kataev
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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14
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Cataldo A, Chvojka M, Park G, Šindelář V, Gabbaï FP, Butler SJ, Valkenier H. Transmembrane transport of fluoride studied by time-resolved emission spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4185-4188. [PMID: 36938842 PMCID: PMC10072081 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00897e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a new method to monitor fluoride transmembrane transport into liposomes using a europium(III) complex. We take advantage of the long emission lifetime of this probe to measure the transport activity of a fluorescent transporter. The high sensitivity, selectivity, and versatility of the assay allowed us to study different types of fluoride transporters and unravel their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Cataldo
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Matúš Chvojka
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. .,Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Gyeongjin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Vladimír Šindelář
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - François P Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Stephen J Butler
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Hennie Valkenier
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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15
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Computational and optoelectronic quantification of semi-conducting, warm ruby red color emanating Eu 3+ complexes with hetro-cyclic ligands. PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN PHOTOCHEMISTRY ASSOCIATION AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00386-5. [PMID: 36797506 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Six Eu3+ complexes were synthesised with β-keto acid as main ligand and secondary ligands through liquid assisted grinding method. These complexes were characterised by various techniques such as spectroscopic technique, XRD, EDAX, SEM analysis, thermal technique, Urbach energy and optical band gap investigation. The luminous photophysical properties were studied by PL spectroscopy in solid as well as solution phase and some theoretical calculation was done to investigate the radiative (Arad) & non-radiative (Anrad) transition rate, quantum efficiency (ɸ), Judd Ofelt parameters for 5D0 → 7F2,4 transitions in both states. Judd Ofelt parameters were also calculated by the JOES software and the outcomes are well harmonised with theoretical values. The complexes have CIE color coordinate value in ruby red region and above 88.65% color purity in both phases, which made them attractive candidates for red light-emitting displays. 5D0 → 7F2 transition was proposed as a laser emission transition owing to their high branching ratio (67.18-74.24%) in solid and (60.09-74.40%) in solution phase. Computational methods were employed to determine the structure and energy of various molecular orbitals. Antimicrobial assay of complexes was also rationalised and found that the complexes are pertinent as good bactericidal and fungicidal agents in pharmaceutical industry.
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16
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Hegarty IN, Henwood AF, Bradberry SJ, Gunnlaugsson T. Generating water/MeOH-soluble and luminescent polymers by grafting 2,6-bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (btp) ligands onto a poly(ethylene- alt-maleic anhydride) polymer and cross-linking with terbium(III). Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1549-1557. [PMID: 36723129 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of two new polymers made from P(E-alt-MA) (poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) and possessing 2,6-bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (btp) ligand side chains in 3 and 6 mol%, respectively (P1 and P2, respectively) is described. These polymers were shown to be soluble in MeOH solution and, in the case of P1, also in water, while P2 needed prolonged heating to enable water dissolution. Btp ligands are known for coordinating both d- and f-metal ions and so, herein, we demonstrate by using both UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, as well as time-gated phosphorescence spectroscopies, that both P1 and P2 can bind to Tb(III) ions to give rise to luminescent polymers. From the analysis of the titration data, which demonstrated large changes in the emission intensity properties of the polymer upon Tb(III) binding (ground state changes were also clearly observed, with the absorption being red-shifted at lower energy), we show that the dominant stoichiometry in solution is 1 : 2 (M : L; Tb(III) : btp ratio) which implies that two btp ligands from the polymer background are able to crosslink through lanthanide coordination and that the backbone of the polymer is very likely to aid in coordinating the ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel N Hegarty
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Adam F Henwood
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Synthesis and Solid-State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Samuel J Bradberry
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Synthesis and Solid-State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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17
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Alexander C, Thom JA, Kenwright AM, Christensen KE, Sørensen TJ, Faulkner S. Chelating chloride using binuclear lanthanide complexes in water. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1194-1204. [PMID: 36756316 PMCID: PMC9891377 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05417e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Halide recognition by supramolecular receptors and coordination complexes in water is a long-standing challenge. In this work, we report chloride binding in water and in competing media by pre-organised binuclear kinetically inert lanthanide complexes, bridged by flexible -(CH2)2- and -(CH2)3- spacers, forming [Ln2(DO3A)2C-2] and [Ln2(DO3A)2C-3], respectively. These hydrophilic, neutral lanthanide coordination complexes are shown to bind chloride with apparent association constants of up to 105 M-1 in water and in buffered systems. Hydroxide bridging was observed in these complexes at basic pH, which was proven to be overcome by chloride. Thus, these lanthanide complexes show promise towards chloride recognition in biology and beyond. The results described here have clearly identified a new area of anion coordination chemistry that is ripe for detailed exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlson Alexander
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - James A Thom
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Alan M Kenwright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Kirsten E Christensen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Nano-Science Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Stephen Faulkner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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18
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Photophysical Characteristics of Eu(III) 1,3-diketonates with substituted 1,10-phenanthroline auxiliary moieties: Experimental and Theoretical Approach. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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19
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Hou Z, Huang Y, Ruan Y, Xu H, Tan Y, Lin LR, Wu ZY. Reversible trans-to- cis photoisomerization and irreversible photocyclization reactions of a Co-coordinated stilbene derivative on chiral di-β-diketonate lanthanide complexes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2269-2282. [PMID: 36741132 PMCID: PMC9837704 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Six lanthanide complexes constructed from two chiral β-diketonates (d/l-fbc = 3-heptafluorobutyryl-(+)/(-)-camphorate), the stilbene derivative (E)-N',N'-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-4-styrylbenzoyl hydrazide (L), a trifluoroacetate anion (CF3CO2 -), and one water molecule, namely [Ln(d/l-fbc)2(L)(CF3CO2)]·H2O (LnC57H54F17N4O8, Ln = La (1, d-fbc), La (2, l-fbc), Sm (3, d-fbc), Eu (4, d-fbc), Eu (5, l-fbc), and Tb (6, d-fbc), were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H-NMR, elemental analysis, IR and UV-vis spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The photoisomerization reactions of these complexes were systematically studied by means of experimental and theoretical calculations. Crystals of complexes 1, 2, 3, and 4 were obtained and belong to the monoclinic crystal system and the C2 chiral space group. The Λ- and Δ-diastereomers coexist in their crystals and no apparent bisignate couplets are observed in their ECD spectra. Among the complexes, the photocyclization reaction is followed by the trans-to-cis photoisomerization reaction and competes with the trans-to-cis photoisomerization, then the photocyclization reaction continues. The photocyclization reaction is irreversible in this stilbene derivative and is delayed in the lanthanide complexes. These results provide a viable strategy for the design of promising new stilbene-attached dual-functional lanthanide-based optical-switching materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Hou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Yanji Huang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Yushan Ruan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Han Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming650500P. R. China
| | - Yu Tan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Li-Rong Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Zhen-yi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
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20
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Xian T, Meng Q, Gao F, Hu M, Wang X. Functionalization of luminescent lanthanide complexes for biomedical applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Naithani S, Goswami T, Thetiot F, Kumar S. Imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline based luminescent probes for anion recognition: Recent achievements and challenges. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Chen Z, Xie Y, Li Z, Lin T. Dinuclear Lanthanide Compound as a Promising Luminescent Probe for Al 3+ Ions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248761. [PMID: 36557894 PMCID: PMC9783527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent probes have wide applications in biological system analysis and environmental science. Here, one novel luminescent dinuclear europium compound with a crown ether analogous ligand was synthesized through a solvent-thermal reaction. Through transformation, upon the addition of Al3+ ions to the N,N'-dimethyl formamide solution of the europium compound, the luminescent intensity of the characteristic emission of Eu3+ decreased, and a new emission peak appeared at 346 nm and increased rapidly. The luminescent investigation indicated that it could act as a highly sensitive and selective luminescent probe for Al3+ ions. Moreover, mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of a new more stable trinuclear aluminium compound during the sensing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Yinghao Xie
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Zhanbo Li
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Tao Lin
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (T.L.)
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23
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Sahoo S, Mondal S, Sarma D. Luminescent Lanthanide Metal Organic Frameworks (LnMOFs): A Versatile Platform towards Organomolecule Sensing. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Qiu Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Wang H, Liao Y, Zhou H, Xie X. Highly Specific and Sensitive Naked-Eye Fluoride Ion Recognition via Unzipping a Helical Poly(phenylacetylene). Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yonggui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huamin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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25
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Viviano-Posadas AO, Romero-Mendoza U, Bazany-Rodríguez IJ, Velázquez-Castillo RV, Martínez-Otero D, Bautista-Renedo JM, González-Rivas N, Galindo-Murillo R, Salomón-Flores MK, Dorazco-González A. Efficient fluorescent recognition of ATP/GTP by a water-soluble bisquinolinium pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide compound. Crystal structures, spectroscopic studies and interaction mode with DNA. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27826-27838. [PMID: 36320280 PMCID: PMC9520314 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05040d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The new dicationic pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide-based compound 1 bearing two N-alkylquinolinium units was synthesized, structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and studied in-depth as a fluorescent receptor for nucleotides and inorganic phosphorylated anions in pure water. The addition of nucleotides to 1 at pH = 7.0 quenches its blue emission with a selective affinity towards adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine 5'-tripohosphate (GTP) over other nucleotides such CTP, UTP, ADP, AMP, dicarboxylates and inorganic anions. On the basis of the spectroscopic tools (1H, 31P NMR, UV-vis, fluorescence), MS measurements and DFT calculations, receptor 1 binds ATP with high affinity (log K = 5.04) through the simultaneous formation of strong hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions between the adenosine fragment and quinolinium ring with binding energy calculated in 8.7 kcal mol-1. High affinity for ATP/GTP is attributed to the high acidity of amides and preorganized rigid structure of 1. Receptor 1 is an order of magnitude more selective for ATP than GTP. An efficient photoinduced electron transfer quenching mechanism with simultaneous receptor-ATP complexation in both the excited and ground states is proposed. Additionally, multiple spectroscopic studies and molecular dynamics simulations showed that 1 can intercalate into DNA base pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro O Viviano-Posadas
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria México, D.F., 04510 Mexico +52-55-56224514
| | - Ulises Romero-Mendoza
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria México, D.F., 04510 Mexico +52-55-56224514
| | - Iván J Bazany-Rodríguez
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria México, D.F., 04510 Mexico +52-55-56224514
| | - Rocío V Velázquez-Castillo
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria México, D.F., 04510 Mexico +52-55-56224514
| | - Diego Martínez-Otero
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM km 14.5 Carrera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Campus UAEMex "El Rosedal" San Cayetano-Toluca Toluca de Lerdo 50200 Estado de México Mexico
| | - Joanatan M Bautista-Renedo
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM km 14.5 Carrera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Campus UAEMex "El Rosedal" San Cayetano-Toluca Toluca de Lerdo 50200 Estado de México Mexico
| | - Nelly González-Rivas
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM km 14.5 Carrera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Campus UAEMex "El Rosedal" San Cayetano-Toluca Toluca de Lerdo 50200 Estado de México Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Galindo-Murillo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah 2000 East 30 South Skaggs 306 Salt Lake City 84112 Utah USA
| | - María K Salomón-Flores
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria México, D.F., 04510 Mexico +52-55-56224514
| | - Alejandro Dorazco-González
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria México, D.F., 04510 Mexico +52-55-56224514
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26
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Application of Machine Learning in Ethical Design of Autonomous Driving Crash Algorithms. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:2938011. [PMID: 36248938 PMCID: PMC9553442 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2938011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The age of algorithms is here, and it is really changing people's lives. More and more ethical problems related to algorithms have attracted people's attention, but the related ethical research is still far behind the research of algorithms. As more intelligent algorithms emerge in an endless stream, there will also be a lot of algorithmic ethical issues. On the other hand, with the continuous improvement of the development level of the automobile industry, people have a stronger demand for the safety and stability of modern transportation, and more and more autonomous driving technology has been promoted and applied in the market. At present, most of the studies on the longitudinal collision avoidance system of vehicles use collision warning or emergency braking to avoid collision. However, when the vehicle is in a special situation such as high speed and slippery road, emergency steering is more effective. In order to further improve the vehicle safety and ethical algorithm design points, this article revolves around vehicle lateral active collision avoidance control method research, the collision avoidance decision-making, and path planning and collision avoidance transverse vehicle longitudinal motion control is analyzed, and based on automated driving simulation experiment, the tests carried out to verify the designed control strategy. The experimental results show that the proposed method not only has a good effect of preventing automatic driving collision but also can meet the requirements of algorithm ethics. This research can effectively guide the research of algorithmic ethics in the field of autonomous driving and effectively reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents.
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27
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Okayasu Y, Wakabayashi K, Yuasa J. Anion-Driven Circularly Polarized Luminescence Inversion of Unsymmetrical Europium(III) Complexes for Target Identifiable Sensing. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15108-15115. [PMID: 36106989 PMCID: PMC9516667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Okayasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kota Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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28
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Sahoo J, Krishnaraj C, Sun J, Bihari Panda B, Subramanian PS, Sekhar Jena H. Lanthanide based inorganic phosphates and biological nucleotides sensor. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Culeac IP, Verlan VI, Bordian OT, Zubareva VE, Iovu MS, Bulhac II, Siminel NA, Siminel AV, Mihai G, Enachescu M. Synthesis and Characterization of Coordination Compound [Eu(µ 2-OC 2H 5)(btfa)(NO 3)(phen)] 2phen with High Luminescence Efficiency. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2788. [PMID: 36014653 PMCID: PMC9415948 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A high-luminescent, blue-light excitable europium(III) coordination complex, [Eu(µ2-OC2H5)(btfa)(NO3)(phen)]2phen (1) {btfa = benzoyl trifluoroacetone, phen = 1,10-phenantroline}, has been synthesized and investigated. The complex was characterized by infrared (IR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The PL emission spectra of powder samples registered in a range of 10.7-300 K exhibit characteristic metal-centered luminescence bands, assigned to internal radiative transitions of the Eu3+ ion, 5D1→7Fj and 5D0→7Fj (j = 0-4). The high-resolution spectrum of the transition 5D0→7F0 shows that it consists of two narrow components, separated by 0.96 meV, which indicates the presence in the matrix of two different sites of the Eu3+ ion. The splitting pattern of 5D0→7Fj (j = 0-4) transitions indicates that europium ions are located in a low-symmetry environment. The absolute quantum yield and the sensitization efficiency were determined to be 49.2% and 89.3%, respectively. The complex can be excited with low-cost lasers at around 405 nm and is attractive for potential applications in optoelectronics and biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion P. Culeac
- Institute of Applied Physics, MD-2028 Chisinau, Moldova
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Geanina Mihai
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- S.C. NanoPRO START MC S.R.L., 110310 Pitesti, Romania
| | - Marius Enachescu
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 550044 Bucharest, Romania
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30
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Nehra K, Dalal A, Hooda A, Singh D, Kumar S, Singh Malik R. Heteroleptic luminous ternary europium Complexes: Synthesis, electrochemical and photophysical investigation. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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31
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Huang SY, Pierre VC. Achieving Selectivity for Phosphate over Pyrophosphate in Ethanol with Iron(III)-Based Fluorescent Probes. JACS AU 2022; 2:1604-1609. [PMID: 35911450 PMCID: PMC9326827 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two iron(III)-based molecular receptors employing 1,2-hydroxypyridinone ligands were developed for phosphate recognition and fluorescence sensing via indicator displacement assay (IDA). The tetra- and pentadentate ligands enable anion recognition by the iron(III) center via its remaining one or two open coordination sites. Weak protective coordination of fluorescein at those sites prevents the formation of μ-oxo dimers in aerated solutions. Its rapid and selective displacement by inorganic phosphate results in a 20-fold increase in the fluorescence of the indicator. Both receptors exhibit high affinity for inorganic phosphate and high selectivity over common competing anions, including halides, acetate, carbonate, and, remarkably, pyrophosphate as well as arsenate. Coordination of phosphate to the iron(III) center was confirmed by ATR-IR and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
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32
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Martinon TLM, Pierre VC. Luminescent Lanthanide Probes for Inorganic and Organic Phosphates. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200495. [PMID: 35750633 PMCID: PMC9388549 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic and organic phosphates-including orthophosphate, nucleotides, and DNA-are some of the most fundamental anions in cellular biology, regulating numerous processes of both medical and environmental significance. The characteristic long lifetimes of emitting lanthanides, including the brighter europium(III) and terbium(III), make them ideally suited for the development of molecular probes for the detection of phosphates directly in complex aqueous media. Moreover, given their high oxophilicity and the exquisite sensitivity of their quantum yields to their hydration number, those luminescent lanthanides are perfect for the detection of phosphates. Herein we discuss the principles that have guided the recent developments of molecular probes selective for inorganic or organic phosphates and how these lanthanide complexes facilitate the study of numerous biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut L M Martinon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Valérie C Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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33
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Fesenko AA, Shutalev AD. A general and stereoselective approach to 14-membered cyclic bis-semicarbazones involving BF 3-catalyzed amidoalkylation of 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)propene. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4569-4588. [PMID: 35593300 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00644h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A general and stereoselective five-step approach to 14-membered cyclic bis-semicarbazones, 5,12-diaryl-7,14-dimethyl-1,2,4,8,9,11-hexaazacyclotetradeca-7,14-diene-3,10-diones, starting from aldehyde semicarbazones has been developed. The key intermediates, 4-(3-oxobut-1-yl)semicarbazones, were prepared by BF3-catalyzed amidoalkylation of 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)propene with 4-[(aryl)(methoxy)methyl]- or 4-[(aryl)(tosyl)methyl]semicarbazones. Treatment of these intermediates with excess of hydrazine gave hydrazones of 4-(3-oxobut-1-yl)semicarbazones or 4-(3-oxobut-1-yl)semicarbazides, which in the presence of TsOH were converted into the target macrocycles. All steps of this approach could be scaled up easily to the multi-gram level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A Fesenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Anatoly D Shutalev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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34
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Hu J, Li G. Recent Progress in Fluorescent Chemosensors for Protein Kinases. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200182. [PMID: 35486328 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are involved in almost all biological activities. The activities of different kinases reflect the normal or abnormal status of the human body. Therefore, detecting the activities of different kinases is important for disease diagnosis and drug discovery. Fluorescent probes offer opportunities for studying kinase behaviors at different times and spatial locations. In this review, we summarize different kinds of fluorescent chemosensors that have been used to detect the activities of many different kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Life Sciences, No.15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, 350002, Fuzhou, CHINA
| | - Gao Li
- Minjiang University, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
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35
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Dual-Labelling Strategies for Nuclear and Fluorescence Molecular Imaging: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040432. [PMID: 35455430 PMCID: PMC9028399 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging offers the possibility to investigate biological and biochemical processes non-invasively and to obtain information on both anatomy and dysfunctions. Based on the data obtained, a fundamental understanding of various disease processes can be derived and treatment strategies can be planned. In this context, methods that combine several modalities in one probe are increasingly being used. Due to the comparably high sensitivity and provided complementary information, the combination of nuclear and optical probes has taken on a special significance. In this review article, dual-labelled systems for bimodal nuclear and optical imaging based on both modular ligands and nanomaterials are discussed. Particular attention is paid to radiometal-labelled molecules for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) and metal complexes combined with fluorescent dyes for optical imaging. The clinical potential of such probes, especially for fluorescence-guided surgery, is assessed.
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36
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Parker D, Fradgley JD, Delbianco M, Starck M, Walton JW, Zwier JM. Comparative analysis of lanthanide excited state quenching by electronic energy and electron transfer processes. Faraday Discuss 2022; 234:159-174. [PMID: 35147141 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The relative sensitivities of structurally related Eu(III) complexes to quenching by electron and energy transfer processes have been compared. In two sets of 9-coordinate complexes based on 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, the Eu emission lifetime decreased as the number of conjugated sensitising groups and the number of unbound ligand N atoms increased, consistent with photoinduced electron transfer to the excited Eu(III) ion that is suppressed by N-protonation. Quenching of the Eu 5D0 excited state may also occur by electronic energy transfer, and the quenching of a variety of 9-coordinate complexes by a cyanine dye with optimal spectral overlap occurs by an efficient FRET process, defined by a Förster radius (R0) value of 68 Å and characterised by second rate constants in the order of 109 M-1 s-1; these values were insensitive to changes in the ligand structure and to the overall complex hydrophilicity. Quenching of the Eu and Tb excited states by energy transfer to Mn(II) and Cu(II) aqua ions occurred over much shorter distances, with rate constants of around 106 M-1 s-1, owing to the much lower spectral overlap integral. The calculated R0 values were estimated to be between 2.5 to 4 Å in the former case, suggesting the presence of a Dexter energy transfer mechanism that requires much closer contact, consistent with the enhanced sensitivity of the rate of quenching to the degree of steric shielding of the lanthanide ion provided by the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK. .,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Jack D Fradgley
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Matthieu Starck
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - James W Walton
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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37
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Nehra K, Dalal A, Hooda A, Kumar Saini R, Singh D, Kumar S. Synthesis and Photoluminescence Characterization of the Complexes of Samarium Dibenzoylmethanates with 1,10-Phenanthroline Derivatives. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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38
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Wheeler S, Breen C, Li Y, Hewitt SH, Robertson E, Yates EA, Barsukov IL, Fernig DG, Butler SJ. Anion binding to a cationic europium(III) probe enables the first real-time assay of heparan sulfotransferase activity. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:596-605. [PMID: 34951618 PMCID: PMC8767414 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02071d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sulfotransferases constitute a ubiquitous class of enzymes which are poorly understood due to the lack of a convenient tool for screening their activity. These enzymes use the anion PAPS (adenosine-3'-phosphate-5'-phosphosulfate) as a donor for a broad range of acceptor substrates, including carbohydrates, producing sulfated compounds and PAP (adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate) as a side product. We present a europium(III)-based probe that binds reversibly to both PAPS and PAP, producing a larger luminescence enhancement with the latter anion. We exploit this greater emission enhancement with PAP to demonstrate the first direct real-time assay of a heparan sulfate sulfotransferase using a multi-well plate format. The selective response of our probe towards PAP over structurally similar nucleoside phosphate anions, and over other anions, is investigated and discussed. This work opens the possibility of investigating more fully the roles played by this enzyme class in health and disease, including operationally simple inhibitor screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Colum Breen
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Sarah H Hewitt
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Erin Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Igor L Barsukov
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - David G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Stephen J Butler
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
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39
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Zhang G, Mei L, Ding J, Su K, Guo Q, Lv G, Liao L. Recent progress on lanthanide complexes/clay minerals hybrid luminescent materials. J RARE EARTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Farshbaf S, Dey K, Mochida W, Kanakubo M, Nishiyabu R, Kubo Y, Anzenbacher P. Detection of phosphates in water utilizing a Eu 3+-mediated relay mechanism. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04578d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent carboxyamidoquinolines form ensembles with Eu3+ that can be successfully leveraged in sensing of phosphates showing off–on fluorescence signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Farshbaf
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Kaustav Dey
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Wakana Mochida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masashi Kanakubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Nishiyabu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yuji Kubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
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41
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Bodman SE, Breen C, Plasser F, Butler SJ. Impact of Varying the Phenylboronic Acid Position in Macrocyclic Eu(III) Complexes on the Recognition of Adenosine Monophosphate. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01067d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective recognition of anions in water by artificial receptors remains a significant research challenge. The creation of a receptor selective for adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is particularly difficult due to...
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42
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Bodman SE, Breen C, Kirkland S, Wheeler S, Robertson E, Plasser F, Butler SJ. Sterically demanding macrocyclic Eu(iii) complexes for selective recognition of phosphate and real-time monitoring of enzymatically generated adenosine monophosphate. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3386-3394. [PMID: 35432862 PMCID: PMC8943852 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05377a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of molecular receptors that bind and sense anions in biologically relevant aqueous solutions is a key challenge in supramolecular chemistry. The recognition of inorganic phosphate is particularly challenging because of its high hydration energy and pH dependent speciation. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) represents a valuable but elusive target for supramolecular detection because of its structural similarity to the more negatively charged anions, ATP and ADP. We report two new macrocyclic Eu(iii) receptors capable of selectively sensing inorganic phosphate and AMP in water. The receptors contain a sterically demanding 8-(benzyloxy)quinoline pendant arm that coordinates to the metal centre, creating a binding pocket suitable for phosphate and AMP, whilst excluding potentially interfering chelating anions, in particular ATP, bicarbonate and lactate. The sensing selectivity of our Eu(iii) receptors follows the order AMP > ADP > ATP, which represents a reversal of the order of selectivity observed for most reported nucleoside phosphate receptors. We have exploited the unique host–guest induced changes in emission intensity and lifetime for the detection of inorganic phosphate in human serum samples, and for monitoring the enzymatic production of AMP in real-time. We present two new europium-based anion receptors that selectively bind to inorganic phosphate and AMP in aqueous media. Their sensing selectivity follows the order AMP > ADP > ATP, representing a reversal of the selectivity order observed for most nucleoside phosphate receptors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. Bodman
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Colum Breen
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Sam Kirkland
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Simon Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Erin Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Stephen J. Butler
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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43
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Cepeda C, Denisov SA, Boturyn D, McClenaghan ND, Sénèque O. Ratiometric Luminescence Detection of Copper(I) by a Resonant System Comprising Two Antenna/Lanthanide Pairs. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17426-17434. [PMID: 34788035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Selective and sensitive detection of Cu(I) is an ongoing challenge due to its important role in biological systems, for example. Herein, we describe a photoluminescent molecular chemosensor integrating two lanthanide ions (Tb3+ and Eu3+) and respective tryptophan and naphthalene antennas onto a polypeptide backbone. The latter was structurally inspired from copper-regulating biomacromolecules in Gram-negative bacteria and was found to bind Cu+ effectively under pseudobiological conditions (log KCu+ = 9.7 ± 0.2). Ion regulated modulation of lanthanide luminescence in terms of intensity and long, millisecond lifetime offers perspectives in terms of ratiometric and time-gated detection of Cu+. The role of the bound ion in determining the photophysical properties is discussed with the aid of additional model compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cepeda
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, LCBM (UMR 5249), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Didier Boturyn
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM (UMR 5250), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Olivier Sénèque
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, LCBM (UMR 5249), 38000 Grenoble, France
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44
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Zakrzewski J, Kumar K, Zychowicz M, Jankowski R, Wyczesany M, Sieklucka B, Ohkoshi SI, Chorazy S. Combined Experimental and Ab Initio Methods for Rationalization of Magneto-Luminescent Properties of Yb III Nanomagnets Embedded in Cyanido/Thiocyanidometallate-Based Crystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10558-10566. [PMID: 34694818 PMCID: PMC8573772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ab initio calculations were correlated with magnetic and emission characteristics to understand the modulation of properties of NIR-emissive [YbIII(2,2'-bipyridine-1,1'-dioxide)4]3+ single-molecule magnets by cyanido/thiocyanidometallate counterions, [AgI(CN)2]- (1), [AuI(SCN)2]- (2), [CdII(CN)4]2-/[CdII2(CN)7]3- (3), and [MIII(CN)6]3- [MIII = Co (4), Ir (5), Fe (6), Cr (7)]. Theoretical studies indicate easy-axis-type ground doublets for all YbIII centers. They differ in the magnetic axiality; however, transversal g-tensor components are always large enough to explain the lack of zero-dc-field relaxation. The excited doublets lie more than 120 cm-1 above the ground one for all YbIII centers. It was confirmed by high-resolution emission spectra reproduced from the ab initio calculations that give reliable insight into energies and oscillator strengths of optical transitions. These findings indicate the dominance of Raman relaxation with the power n varying from 2.93(4) to 6.9(2) in the 4-3-5-1-2 series. This trend partially follows the magnetic axiality, being deeper correlated with the phonon modes schemes of (thio)cyanido matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub
J. Zakrzewski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kunal Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mikolaj Zychowicz
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Robert Jankowski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Wyczesany
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Sieklucka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Shin-ichi Ohkoshi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Szymon Chorazy
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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45
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Mouchel Dit Leguerrier D, Barré R, Molloy J, Thomas F. Lanthanide complexes as redox and ROS/RNS probes: A new paradigm that makes use of redox-reactive and redox non-innocent ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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46
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Sun G, Xie Y, Sun L, Zhang H. Lanthanide upconversion and downshifting luminescence for biomolecules detection. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:766-780. [PMID: 34569585 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00299f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecules play critical roles in biological activities and are closely related to various disease conditions. The reliable, selective and sensitive detection of biomolecules holds much promise for specific and rapid biosensing. In recent years, luminescent lanthanide probes have been widely used for monitoring the activity of biomolecules owing to their long luminescence lifetimes and line-like emission which allow time-resolved and ratiometric analyses. In this review article, we concentrate on recent advances in the detection of biomolecule activities based on lanthanide luminescent systems, including upconversion luminescent nanoparticles, lanthanide-metal organic frameworks, and lanthanide organic complexes. We also introduce the latest remarkable accomplishments of lanthanide probes in the design principles and sensing mechanisms, as well as the forthcoming challenges and perspectives for practical achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yao Xie
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lining Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
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47
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Herath ID, Breen C, Hewitt SH, Berki TR, Kassir AF, Dodson C, Judd M, Jabar S, Cox N, Otting G, Butler SJ. A Chiral Lanthanide Tag for Stable and Rigid Attachment to Single Cysteine Residues in Proteins for NMR, EPR and Time-Resolved Luminescence Studies. Chemistry 2021; 27:13009-13023. [PMID: 34152643 PMCID: PMC8518945 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A lanthanide-binding tag site-specifically attached to a protein presents a tool to probe the protein by multiple spectroscopic techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance and time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy. Here a new stable chiral LnIII tag, referred to as C12, is presented for spontaneous and quantitative reaction with a cysteine residue to generate a stable thioether bond. The synthetic protocol of the tag is relatively straightforward, and the tag is stable for storage and shipping. It displays greatly enhanced reactivity towards selenocysteine, opening a route towards selective tagging of selenocysteine in proteins containing cysteine residues. Loaded with TbIII or TmIII ions, the C12 tag readily generates pseudocontact shifts (PCS) in protein NMR spectra. It produces a relatively rigid tether between lanthanide and protein, which is beneficial for interpretation of the PCSs by single magnetic susceptibility anisotropy tensors, and it is suitable for measuring distance distributions in double electron-electron resonance experiments. Upon reaction with cysteine or other thiol compounds, the TbIII complex exhibits a 100-fold enhancement in luminescence quantum yield, affording a highly sensitive turn-on luminescence probe for time-resolved FRET assays and enzyme reaction monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iresha D. Herath
- Research School of ChemistryThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2605Australia
| | - Colum Breen
- Department of ChemistryLoughborough UniversityEpinal WayLoughboroughLE11 3TUUK
| | - Sarah H. Hewitt
- Department of ChemistryLoughborough UniversityEpinal WayLoughboroughLE11 3TUUK
| | - Thomas R. Berki
- Department of ChemistryLoughborough UniversityEpinal WayLoughboroughLE11 3TUUK
| | - Ahmad F. Kassir
- Department of ChemistryLoughborough UniversityEpinal WayLoughboroughLE11 3TUUK
| | - Charlotte Dodson
- Department of Pharmacy & PharmacologyUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Martyna Judd
- Research School of ChemistryThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2605Australia
| | - Shereen Jabar
- Research School of ChemistryThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2605Australia
| | - Nicholas Cox
- Research School of ChemistryThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2605Australia
| | - Gottfried Otting
- Research School of ChemistryThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2605Australia
| | - Stephen J. Butler
- Department of ChemistryLoughborough UniversityEpinal WayLoughboroughLE11 3TUUK
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48
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Okayasu Y, Yuasa J. Structure Determination of Europium Complexes in Solution Using Crystal-Field Splitting of the Narrow f- f Emission Lines. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6867-6874. [PMID: 34279951 PMCID: PMC8397343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nine nona-coordinated Eu(III) complexes (1-9) studied here have three unsymmetric β-diketonate ligands and one chiral Ph-Pybox ligand, which can produce eight possible coordination isomers, depending on the position of the three unsymmetric β-diketonate ligands. Substituents on the β-diketonate ligands cause a rational structural rearrangement upon crystallization. Substituents with higher polarity, including -CN, -F, -Cl, -Br, -OMe, and -OEt, employ intercomplex hydrogen bonding to generate an association complex through structural rearrangement upon crystallization. Substituents with lower polarity, including -CF3, -SMe, and -Me, cause the most energetically favorable isomer to crystallize directly from solution. These two crystal structures exhibit well-resolved f-f emission lines with characteristic Stark splitting structures. This work revealed that the configuration of the Eu(III) complexes in solution can be determined by systematic comparison of their Stark splitting structures to those obtained from the solid phase using density functional theory (DFT)-based predictions combined with circular dichroism data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Okayasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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49
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Parker D, Fradgley JD, Wong KL. The design of responsive luminescent lanthanide probes and sensors. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8193-8213. [PMID: 34075982 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00310k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The principles of the design of responsive luminescent probes and sensors based on lanthanide emission are summarised, based on a mechanistic understanding of their mode of action. Competing kinetic pathways for deactivation of the excited states that occur are described, highlighting the need to consider each of the salient quenching processes. Such an analysis dictates the choice of both the ligand and its integral sensitising moiety for the particular application. The key aspects of quenching involving electron transfer and vibrational and electronic energy transfer are highlighted and exemplified. Responsive systems for pH, pM, pX and pO2 and selected biochemical analytes are distinguished, according to the nature of the optical signal observed. Signal changes include both simple and ratiometric intensity measurements, emission lifetime variations and the unique features associated with the observation of circularly polarised luminescence (CPL) for chiral systems. A classification of responsive lanthanide probes is introduced. Examples of the operation of probes for reactive oxygen species, citrate, bicarbonate, α1-AGP and pH are used to illustrate reversible and irreversible transformations of the ligand constitution, as well as the reversible changes to the metal primary and secondary coordination sphere that sensitively perturb the ligand field. Finally, systems that function by modulation of dynamic quenching of the ligand or metal excited states are described, including real time observation of endosomal acidification in living cells, rapid urate analysis in serum, accurate temperature assessment in confined compartments and high throughput screening of drug binding to G-protein coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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50
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Martínez‐Crespo L, Hewitt SH, De Simone NA, Šindelář V, Davis AP, Butler S, Valkenier H. Transmembrane Transport of Bicarbonate Unravelled*. Chemistry 2021; 27:7367-7375. [PMID: 33932059 PMCID: PMC8251953 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anion receptors can be used to transport ions across lipid bilayers, which has potential for therapeutic applications. Synthetic bicarbonate transporters are of particular interest, as defects in transmembrane transport of bicarbonate are associated with various diseases. However, no convenient method exists to directly observe bicarbonate transport and study the mechanisms involved. Here, an assay is presented that allows the kinetics of bicarbonate transport into liposomes to be monitored directly and with great sensitivity. The assay utilises an encapsulated europium(III) complex, which exhibits a large increase in emission intensity upon binding bicarbonate. Mechanisms involving CO2 diffusion and the dissipation of a pH gradient are shown to be able to lead to an increase in bicarbonate concentration within liposomes, without transport of the anion occurring at all. By distinguishing these alternative mechanisms from actual bicarbonate transport, this assay will inform the future development of bicarbonate transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martínez‐Crespo
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole polytechnique de BruxellesAvenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/641050BrusselsBelgium
| | - Sarah H. Hewitt
- Loughborough UniversityDepartment of ChemistryEpinal WayLoughboroughLE11 3TUUK
| | | | - Vladimír Šindelář
- Masaryk UniversityDepartment of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of ScienceKamenice 5625 00BrnoCzech Republic
| | - Anthony P. Davis
- University of BristolSchool of ChemistryCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Stephen Butler
- Loughborough UniversityDepartment of ChemistryEpinal WayLoughboroughLE11 3TUUK
| | - Hennie Valkenier
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole polytechnique de BruxellesAvenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/641050BrusselsBelgium
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