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Li W, Wang JH, Li Y, Hsueh H, Liu X, Zhao Y, Huang S, Li X, Cheng HM, Duan X, Park HS. Element Screening of High-Entropy Silicon Anodes for Superior Li-Storage Performance of Li-Ion Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21320-21334. [PMID: 39058278 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The high-entropy silicon anodes are attractive for enhancing electronic and Li-ionic conductivity while mitigating volume effects for advanced Li-ion batteries (LIBs), but are plagued by the complicated elements screening process. Inspired by the resemblances in the structure between sphalerite and diamond, we have selected sphalerite-structured SiP with metallic conductivity as the parent phase for exploring the element screening of high-entropy silicon-based anodes. The inclusion of the Zn in the sphalerite structure is crucial for improving the structural stability and Li-storage capacity. Within the same group, Li-storage performance is significantly improved with increasing atomic number in the order of BZnSiP3 < AlZnSiP3 < GaZnSiP3 < InZnSiP3. Thus, InZnSiP3-based electrodes achieved a high capacity of 719 mA h g-1 even after 1,500 cycles at 2,000 mA g-1, and a high-rate capacity of 725 mA h g-1 at 10,000 mA g-1, owing to its superior lithium-ion affinity, faster electronic conduction and lithium-ion diffusion, higher Li-storage capacity and reversibility, and mechanical integrity than others. Additionally, the incorporation of elements with larger atomic sizes leads to greater lattice distortion and more defects, further facilitating mass and charge transport. Following these screening rules, high-entropy disordered-cation silicon-based compounds such as GaCuSnInZnSiP6, GaCu(or Sn)InZnSiP5, and CuSnInZnSiP5, as well as high-entropy compounds with mixed-cation and -anion compositions, such as InZnSiPSeTe and InZnSiP2Se(or Te), are synthesized, demonstrating improved Li-storage performance with metallic conductivity. The phase formation mechanism of these compounds is attributed to the negative formation energies arising from elevated entropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeng-Han Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yanhong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Howard Hsueh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yafei Zhao
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shengchi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Xinwei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ho Seok Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Botta M, Zeitz S, Klein W, Raudaschl-Sieber G, Fässler TF. Na 3Ge 2P 3: A Zintl Phase Featuring [P 3Ge-GeP 3] Dimers as Building Blocks. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38640448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Recently, ternary lithium phosphidotetrelates have attracted interest particularly due to their high ionic conductivities, while corresponding sodium and heavier alkali metal compounds have been less investigated. Hence, we report the synthesis and characterization of the novel ternary sodium phosphidogermanate Na3Ge2P3, which is readily accessible via ball milling of the elements and subsequent annealing. According to single crystal X-ray structure determination, Na3Ge2P3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c (no. 14.) with unit cell parameters of a = 7.2894(6) Å, b = 14.7725(8) Å, c = 7.0528(6) Å, β = 106.331(6)° and forms an unprecedented two-dimensional polyanionic network in the b/c plane of interconnected [P3Ge-GeP3] building units. The system can also be interpreted as differently sized ring structures that interconnect and form a two-dimensional network. A comparison with related ternary compounds from the corresponding phase system as well as with the binary compound GeP shows that the polyanionic network of Na3Ge2P3 resembles an intermediate step between highly condensed cages and discrete polyanions, which highlights the structural variety of phosphidogermanates. The structure is confirmed by 23Na- and 31P-MAS NMR measurements and Raman spectroscopy. Computational investigation of the electronic structure reveals that Na3Ge2P3 is an indirect band gap semiconductor with a band gap of 2.9 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Botta
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on New Materials, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sabine Zeitz
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on New Materials, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Klein
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on New Materials, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gabriele Raudaschl-Sieber
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas F Fässler
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on New Materials, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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3
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Min Z, Yang C, Zhong GH, Lu Z. First-Principles Insights into Lithium-Rich Ternary Phosphide Superionic Conductors: Solid Electrolytes or Active Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:18373-18382. [PMID: 35420418 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-rich ternary phosphides are recently found to possess high ionic conductivity and are proposed as promising solid electrolytes (SEs) for solid-state batteries. While lithium ions can facilely transport within these materials, their electrochemical and interfacial stability in complex battery setups remain largely uncharacterized. We study the phase stability and electrochemical stability of phosphide-type SEs via first-principles calculations and thermodynamic analysis. Our results indicate that these SEs have intrinsic electrochemical stability windows narrower than 0.5 V. The SEs exhibit low anodic limits of about 1 V vs Li/Li+ due to the oxidation of the electrolytes to form various P binary compounds, indicating the poor electrochemical stability in contact with the cathode. In particular, we find that the thermodynamic driving force of such electrochemical decomposition is critically dependent on the new phases formed at the interfaces. Therefore, these phosphides might not be suitable as electrolytes. Despite the electrochemical instability, further calculations of Li diffusion kinetics show that the Li conduction is highly efficient through face-sharing octahedral and tetrahedral sites with low energy barriers, in spite of the possible variation of the local environments. In addition, an analysis of the terminal decomposition products shows impressive Li storage capacity as high as 2547 mAh·g-1 based on the conversion mechanism, indicating they are capable as high-rate and energy-dense anode materials for battery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Min
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guo-Hua Zhong
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ziheng Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Restle TMF, Zeitz S, Meyer J, Klein W, Raudaschl‐Sieber G, Karttunen AJ, Fässler TF. Aliovalent substitution in phosphide‐based materials – Crystal structures of Na
10
AlTaP
6
and Na
3
GaP
2
featuring edge‐sharing
E
P
4
tetrahedra (
E
=Al/Ta and Ga). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tassilo M. F. Restle
- Department of Chemistry Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on New Materials Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85747 Garching Germany
| | - Sabine Zeitz
- Department of Chemistry Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on New Materials Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85747 Garching Germany
| | - Jan Meyer
- Department of Chemistry Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on New Materials Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85747 Garching Germany
| | - Wilhelm Klein
- Department of Chemistry Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on New Materials Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85747 Garching Germany
| | - Gabriele Raudaschl‐Sieber
- Department of Chemistry Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85747 Garching Germany
| | - Antti J. Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Aalto University FI-00076 Espoo Finland
| | - Thomas F. Fässler
- Department of Chemistry Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on New Materials Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85747 Garching Germany
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Haffner A, Zeman OEO, Bräuniger T, Johrendt D. Supertetrahedral anions in the phosphidosilicates Na 1.25Ba 0.875Si 3P 5 and Na 31Ba 5Si 52P 83. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9123-9128. [PMID: 34115082 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01234g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solid ionic conductors are one key component of all-solid-state batteries, and recent studies with lithium, sodium and potassium phosphidosilicates revealed remarkable ion conduction capabilities in these compounds. We report the synthesis and crystal structures of two quaternary phosphidosilicates with sodium and barium, which crystallize in new structure types. Na1.25Ba0.875Si3P5 contains layers of T3 supertetrahedra, while Na31Ba5Si52P83 forms defect T5 entities and contains Si-Si bonds and P3 trimers. Though T1-relaxometry data indicate a relatively low activation energy for Na+ migration of 0.16 eV, the crystal structures lack sufficient three-dimensional migration paths necessary for fast sodium ion conductvity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Haffner
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (D), 83177 Munich, Germany.
| | - Otto E O Zeman
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (D), 83177 Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Bräuniger
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (D), 83177 Munich, Germany.
| | - Dirk Johrendt
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (D), 83177 Munich, Germany.
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