1
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2021-2022. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38925550 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates is a well-established technique and this review is the 12th update of the original article published in 1999 and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2022. As with previous review, this review also includes a few papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review follows the same format as previous reviews. It is divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of computer software for structural identification. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other general areas such as medicine, industrial processes, natural products and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis, particularly in its ability to produce single ions from each analyte and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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2
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Zercher BP, Gozzo TA, Wageman A, Bush MF. Enhancing the Depth of Analyses with Next-Generation Ion Mobility Experiments. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:27-48. [PMID: 37000959 PMCID: PMC10545071 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091522-031329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in ion mobility (IM) technology have expanded the capability to separate and characterize gas-phase ions of biomolecules, especially when paired with mass spectrometry. This next generation of IM technology has been ushered in by creative innovation focused on both instrument architectures and how electric fields are applied. In this review, we focus on the application of high-resolution and multidimensional IM to biomolecular analyses, encompassing the fields of glycomics, lipidomics, peptidomics, and proteomics. We highlight selected research that demonstrates the application of the new IM toolkit to challenging biomolecular systems. Through our review of recently published literature, we outline the current strengths of respective technologies and perspectives for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Zercher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Theresa A Gozzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - AnneClaire Wageman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Matthew F Bush
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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3
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Yatsyna V, Abikhodr AH, Ben Faleh A, Warnke S, Rizzo TR. Using Hadamard Transform Multiplexed IR Spectroscopy Together with a Segmented Ion Trap for the Identification of Mobility-Selected Isomers. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37307499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The high isomeric complexity of glycans makes them particularly difficult to analyze. While ultra-high-resolution ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) can offer rapid baseline separation of many glycan isomers, their unambiguous identification remains a challenging task. One approach to solving this problem is to identify mobility-separated isomers by measuring their highly resolved cryogenic vibrational spectra. To be able to apply this approach to complex mixtures at high throughput, we have recently developed a Hadamard transform multiplexed spectroscopic technique that allows measuring vibrational spectra of all species separated in both IMS and mass spectrometry dimensions in a single laser scan. In the current work, we further develop the multiplexing technique using ion traps incorporated directly into the IMS device based on structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM). We also show that multiplexed spectroscopy using perfect sequence matrices can outperform standard multiplexing using Simplex matrices. Lastly, we show that we can increase the measurement speed and throughput further by running multiple multiplexing schemes using several SLIM ion traps in combination with simultaneous spectroscopic measurements in the segmented cryogenic ion trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Yatsyna
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ali H Abikhodr
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Ben Faleh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Warnke
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Rizzo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Ben Faleh A, Warnke S, Van Wieringen T, Abikhodr AH, Rizzo TR. New Approach for the Identification of Isobaric and Isomeric Metabolites. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7118-7126. [PMID: 37119183 PMCID: PMC10173252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The structural elucidation of metabolite molecules is important in many branches of the life sciences. However, the isomeric and isobaric complexity of metabolites makes their identification extremely challenging, and analytical standards are often required to confirm the presence of a particular compound in a sample. We present here an approach to overcome these challenges using high-resolution ion mobility spectrometry in combination with cryogenic vibrational spectroscopy for the rapid separation and identification of metabolite isomers and isobars. Ion mobility can separate isomeric metabolites in tens of milliseconds, and cryogenic IR spectroscopy provides highly structured IR fingerprints for unambiguous molecular identification. Moreover, our approach allows one to identify metabolite isomers automatically by comparing their IR fingerprints with those previously recorded in a database, obviating the need for a recurrent introduction of analytical standards. We demonstrate the principle of this approach by constructing a database composed of IR fingerprints of eight isomeric/isobaric metabolites and use it for the identification of these isomers present in mixtures. Moreover, we show how our fast IR fingerprinting technology allows to probe the IR fingerprints of molecules within just a few seconds as they elute from an LC column. This approach has the potential to greatly improve metabolomics workflows in terms of accuracy, speed, and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ben Faleh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, CH-1025 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Warnke
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, CH-1025 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Teun Van Wieringen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, CH-1025 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ali H Abikhodr
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, CH-1025 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Rizzo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, CH-1025 Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Bansal P, Ben Faleh A, Warnke S, Rizzo TR. Multistage Ion Mobility Spectrometry Combined with Infrared Spectroscopy for Glycan Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:695-700. [PMID: 36881006 PMCID: PMC10080682 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The structural complexity of glycans makes their characterization challenging, not only because of the presence of various isomeric forms of the precursor molecule but also because the fragments can themselves be isomeric. We have recently developed an IMS-CID-IMS approach using structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) combined with cryogenic infrared (IR) spectroscopy for glycan analysis. It allows mobility separation and collision-induced dissociation of a precursor glycan followed by mobility separation and IR spectroscopy of the fragments. While this approach holds great promise for glycan analysis, we often encounter fragments for which we have no standards to identify their spectroscopic fingerprint. In this work, we perform proof-of-principle experiments employing a multistage SLIM-based IMS-CID technique to generate second-generation fragments, followed by their mobility separation and spectroscopic interrogation. This approach provides detailed structural information about the first-generation fragments, including their anomeric form, which in turn can be used to identify the precursor glycan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas R. Rizzo
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Isomer analysis by mass spectrometry in clinical science. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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7
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Ben Faleh A, Warnke S, Bansal P, Pellegrinelli RP, Dyukova I, Rizzo TR. Identification of Mobility-Resolved N-Glycan Isomers. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10101-10108. [PMID: 35797429 PMCID: PMC9310030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Glycan analysis has
evolved considerably during the last decade.
The advent of high-resolution ion-mobility spectrometry has enabled
the separation of isomers with only the slightest of structural differences.
However, the ability to separate such species raises the problem of
identifying all the mobility-resolved peaks that are observed, especially
when analytical standards are not available. In this work, we report
an approach based on the combination of IMSn with cryogenic
vibrational spectroscopy to identify N-glycan reducing-end
anomers. By identifying the reducing-end α and β anomers
of diacetyl-chitobiose, which is a disaccharide that forms part of
the common core of all N-glycans, we are able to
assign mobility peaks to reducing anomers of a selection of N-glycans of different sizes, starting from trisaccharides
such as Man-1 up to glycans containing nine monosaccharide units,
such as G2. By building an infrared fingerprint database of the identified N-glycans, our approach allows unambiguous identification
of mobility peaks corresponding to reducing-end anomers and distinguishes
them from positional isomers that might be present in a complex mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ben Faleh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Warnke
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Priyanka Bansal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Robert P Pellegrinelli
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Irina Dyukova
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Rizzo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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8
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Pellegrinelli R, Yue L, Carrascosa E, Ben Faleh A, Warnke S, Bansal P, Rizzo TR. A New Strategy Coupling Ion-Mobility-Selective CID and Cryogenic IR Spectroscopy to Identify Glycan Anomers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:859-864. [PMID: 35437995 PMCID: PMC9074103 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Determining the primary structure of glycans remains challenging due to their isomeric complexity. While high-resolution ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has recently allowed distinguishing between many glycan isomers, the arrival-time distributions (ATDs) frequently exhibit multiple peaks, which can arise from positional isomers, reducing-end anomers, or different conformations. Here, we present the combination of ultrahigh-resolution ion mobility, collision-induced dissociation (CID), and cryogenic infrared (IR) spectroscopy as a systematic method to identify reducing-end anomers of glycans. Previous studies have suggested that high-resolution ion mobility of sodiated glycans is able to separate the two reducing-end anomers. In this case, Y-fragments generated from mobility-separated precursor species should also contain a single anomer at their reducing end. We confirm that this is the case by comparing the IR spectra of selected Y-fragments to those of anomerically pure mono- and disaccharides, allowing the assignment of the mobility-separated precursor and its IR spectrum to a single reducing-end anomer. The anomerically pure precursor glycans can henceforth be rapidly identified on the basis of their IR spectrum alone, allowing them to be distinguished from other isomeric forms.
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9
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Grabarics M, Lettow M, Kirschbaum C, Greis K, Manz C, Pagel K. Mass Spectrometry-Based Techniques to Elucidate the Sugar Code. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7840-7908. [PMID: 34491038 PMCID: PMC9052437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cells encode information in the sequence of biopolymers, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and glycans. Although glycans are essential to all living organisms, surprisingly little is known about the "sugar code" and the biological roles of these molecules. The reason glycobiology lags behind its counterparts dealing with nucleic acids and proteins lies in the complexity of carbohydrate structures, which renders their analysis extremely challenging. Building blocks that may differ only in the configuration of a single stereocenter, combined with the vast possibilities to connect monosaccharide units, lead to an immense variety of isomers, which poses a formidable challenge to conventional mass spectrometry. In recent years, however, a combination of innovative ion activation methods, commercialization of ion mobility-mass spectrometry, progress in gas-phase ion spectroscopy, and advances in computational chemistry have led to a revolution in mass spectrometry-based glycan analysis. The present review focuses on the above techniques that expanded the traditional glycomics toolkit and provided spectacular insight into the structure of these fascinating biomolecules. To emphasize the specific challenges associated with them, major classes of mammalian glycans are discussed in separate sections. By doing so, we aim to put the spotlight on the most important element of glycobiology: the glycans themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márkó Grabarics
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Lettow
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carla Kirschbaum
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Greis
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Manz
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Zhang JH, Shan LL, Liang F, Du CY, Li JJ. Strategies and Considerations for Improving Recombinant Antibody Production and Quality in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:856049. [PMID: 35316944 PMCID: PMC8934426 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.856049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant antibodies are rapidly developing therapeutic agents; approximately 40 novel antibody molecules enter clinical trials each year, most of which are produced from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. However, one of the major bottlenecks restricting the development of antibody drugs is how to perform high-level expression and production of recombinant antibodies. The high-efficiency expression and quality of recombinant antibodies in CHO cells is determined by multiple factors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of several state-of-the-art approaches, such as optimization of gene sequence of antibody, construction and optimization of high-efficiency expression vector, using antibody expression system, transformation of host cell lines, and glycosylation modification. Finally, the authors discuss the potential of large-scale production of recombinant antibodies and development of culture processes for biopharmaceutical manufacturing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-He Zhang
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jun-He Zhang,
| | - Lin-Lin Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fan Liang
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chen-Yang Du
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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11
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Bansal P, Ben Faleh A, Warnke S, Rizzo TR. Identification of N-glycan positional isomers by combining IMS and vibrational fingerprinting of structurally determinant CID fragments. Analyst 2022; 147:704-711. [PMID: 35079754 PMCID: PMC8842669 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01861b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While glycans are present on the surface of cells in all living organisms and play key roles in most biological processes, their isomeric complexity makes their structural characterization challenging. Of particular importance are positional isomers, for which analytical standards are difficult to obtain. We combine ultrahigh-resolution ion-mobility spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation and cryogenic infrared spectroscopy to determine the structure of N-glycan positional isomers. This approach is based on first separating the parent molecules by SLIM-based IMS, producing diagnostic fragments specific to each positional isomer, separating the fragments by IMS, and identifying them by comparing their IR fingerprints to a previously recorded spectral database. We demonstrate this strategy using a bottom-up scheme to identify the positional isomers of the N-linked glycan G0-N, in which a terminal N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is attached to either the α-3 or α-6 branch of the common N-glycan pentasaccharide core. We then use IR fingerprints of these newly identified isomers to identify the positional isomers of G1 and G1F, which are biantennary complex-type N-glycans with a terminal galactose attached to either the α-3 or α-6 branch, and in the case of G1F a fucose attached to the reducing-end GlcNAc. Starting with just a few analytical standards, this fragment-based spectroscopy method allows us to develop a database which we can use to identify positional isomers. The generalization of this approach would greatly facilitate glycan analysis. We combine high-resolution IMS-IMS with cryogenic vibrational spectroscopy for the indentification of N-glycan positional isomers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bansal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Ahmed Ben Faleh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Stephan Warnke
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas R Rizzo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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12
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Yatsyna V, Abikhodr AH, Ben Faleh A, Warnke S, Rizzo TR. High-Throughput Multiplexed Infrared Spectroscopy of Ion Mobility-Separated Species Using Hadamard Transform. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2912-2917. [PMID: 35113536 PMCID: PMC8851427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Coupling vibrational
ion spectroscopy with high-resolution ion
mobility separation offers a promising approach for detailed analysis
of biomolecules in the gas phase. Improvements in the ion mobility
technology have made it possible to separate isomers with minor structural
differences, and their interrogation with a tunable infrared laser
provides vibrational fingerprints for unambiguous database-enabled
identification. Nevertheless, wide analytical application of this
technique requires high-throughput approaches for acquisition of vibrational
spectra of all species present in complex mixtures. In this work,
we present a novel multiplexed approach and demonstrate its utility
for cryogenic ion spectroscopy of peptides and glycans in mixtures.
Since the method is based on Hadamard transform multiplexing, it yields
infrared spectra with an increased signal-to-noise ratio compared
to a conventional signal averaging approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Yatsyna
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali H Abikhodr
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Ben Faleh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Warnke
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Rizzo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Ropartz D, Fanuel M, Ollivier S, Lissarrague A, Benkoulouche M, Mulard LA, André I, Guieysse D, Rogniaux H. Combination of High-Resolution Multistage Ion Mobility and Tandem MS with High Energy of Activation to Resolve the Structure of Complex Chemoenzymatically Synthesized Glycans. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2279-2287. [PMID: 35049286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, in particular microbial glycans, are highly structurally diverse biomolecules, the recognition of which governs numerous biological processes. Of special interest, glycans of known monosaccharide composition feature multiple possible isomers, differentiated by the anomerism and position of their glycosidic linkages. Robust analytical tools able to circumvent this extreme structural complexity are increasing in demand to ensure not only the correct determination of naturally occurring glycans but also to support the rapid development of enzymatic and chemoenzymatic glycan synthesis. In support to the later, we report the use of complementary strategies based on mass spectrometry (MS) to evaluate the ability of 14 engineered mutants of sucrose-utilizing α-transglucosylases to produce type/group-specific Shigella flexneri pentasaccharide bricks from a single lightly protected non-natural tetrasaccharide acceptor substrate. A first analysis of the reaction media by UHPLC coupled to high-accuracy MS led to detect six reaction products of enzymatic glucosylation out of the eight possible ones. A seventh structure was evidenced by an additional step of ion mobility at a resolving power (Rp) of approximately 100. Finally, a Rp of about 250 in ion mobility made it possible to detect the eighth and last of the expected structures. Complementary to these measurements, tandem MS with high activation energy charge transfer dissociation (CTD) allowed us to unambiguously characterize seven regioisomers out of the eight possible products of enzymatic glucosylation. This work illustrates the potential of the recently described powerful IMS and CTD-MS methods for the precise structural characterization of complex glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ropartz
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France.,INRAE, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Mathieu Fanuel
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France.,INRAE, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Simon Ollivier
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France.,INRAE, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Adrien Lissarrague
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France.,INRAE, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Mounir Benkoulouche
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Laurence A Mulard
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3523, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - David Guieysse
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France.,INRAE, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
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14
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Greis K, Kirschbaum C, von Helden G, Pagel K. Gas-phase infrared spectroscopy of glycans and glycoconjugates. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 72:194-202. [PMID: 34952241 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are intrinsically complex biomolecules that pose particular analytical challenges. Standard workflows for glycan analysis are based on mass spectrometry, often coupled with separation techniques such as liquid chromatography and ion mobility spectrometry. However, this approach does not yield direct structural information and cannot always distinguish between isomers. This gap might be filled in the future by gas-phase infrared spectroscopy, which has emerged as a promising structure-sensitive technique for glycan fingerprinting. This review highlights recent applications of gas-phase infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of synthetic and biological glycans and how they can be integrated into mass spectrometry-based workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Greis
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carla Kirschbaum
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gert von Helden
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Warnke S, Ben Faleh A, Rizzo TR. Toward High-Throughput Cryogenic IR Fingerprinting of Mobility-Separated Glycan Isomers. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2021; 1:157-164. [PMID: 34939078 PMCID: PMC8679095 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool used to infer detailed structural information on molecules, often in conjunction with quantum-chemical calculations. When applied to cryogenically cooled ions, IR spectra provide unique fingerprints that can be used for biomolecular identification. This is particularly important in the analysis of isomeric biopolymers, which are difficult to distinguish using mass spectrometry. However, IR spectroscopy typically requires laser systems that need substantial user attention and measurement times of tens of minutes, which limits its analytical utility. We report here the development of a new high-throughput instrument that combines ultrahigh-resolution ion-mobility spectrometry with cryogenic IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and we apply it to the analysis of isomeric glycans. The ion mobility step, which is based on structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM), separates glycan isomers, and an IR fingerprint spectrum identifies them. An innovative cryogenic ion trap allows multiplexing the acquisition of analyte IR fingerprints following mobility separation, and using a turn-key IR laser, we can obtain spectra and identify isomeric species in less than a minute. This work demonstrates the potential of IR fingerprinting methods to impact the analysis of isomeric biomolecules and more specifically glycans.
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16
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Poveda A, Fittolani G, Seeberger PH, Delbianco M, Jiménez-Barbero J. The Flexibility of Oligosaccharides Unveiled Through Residual Dipolar Coupling Analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:784318. [PMID: 34859057 PMCID: PMC8631391 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.784318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic flexibility of glycans complicates the study of their structures and dynamics, which are often important for their biological function. NMR has provided insights into the conformational, dynamic and recognition features of glycans, but suffers from severe chemical shift degeneracy. We employed labelled glycans to explore the conformational behaviour of a β(1-6)-Glc hexasaccharide model through residual dipolar couplings (RDCs). RDC delivered information on the relative orientation of specific residues along the glycan chain and provided experimental clues for the existence of certain geometries. The use of two different aligning media demonstrated the adaptability of flexible oligosaccharide structures to different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Poveda
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Giulio Fittolani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, Leioa, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
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