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Chen T, Sun C, Abbas SC, Alam N, Qiang S, Tian X, Fu C, Zhang H, Xia Y, Liu L, Ni Y, Jiang X. Multi-dimensional microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) for noninvasive testing: A review of structural design and applications. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1321:342877. [PMID: 39155092 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of microfluidic paper-based devices as point-of-care testing (POCT) tools for early disease diagnosis and health monitoring, particularly in resource-limited areas, holds immense potential for enhancing healthcare accessibility. Leveraging the numerous advantages of paper, such as capillary-driven flow, porous structure, hydrophilic functional groups, biodegradability, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility, it has become a pivotal choice for microfluidic substrates. The repertoire of microfluidic paper-based devices includes one-dimensional lateral flow assays (1D LFAs), two-dimensional microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (2D μPADs), and three-dimensional (3D) μPADs. In this comprehensive review, we provide and examine crucial information related to paper substrates, design strategies, and detection methods in multi-dimensional microfluidic paper-based devices. We also investigate potential applications of microfluidic paper-based devices for detecting viruses, metabolites and hormones in non-invasive samples such as human saliva, sweat and urine. Additionally, we delve into capillary-driven flow alternative theoretical models of fluids within the paper to provide guidance. Finally, we critically examine the potential for future developments and address challenges for multi-dimensional microfluidic paper-based devices in advancing noninvasive early diagnosis and health monitoring. This article showcases their transformative impact on healthcare, paving the way for enhanced medical services worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China; Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Ce Sun
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Syed Comail Abbas
- Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Nur Alam
- Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Sheng Qiang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Xiuzhi Tian
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Chenglong Fu
- Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China; Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China; Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Liu Liu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
| | - Xue Jiang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China.
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Stoia D, De Sio L, Petronella F, Focsan M. Recent advances towards point-of-care devices for fungal detection: Emphasizing the role of plasmonic nanomaterials in current and future technologies. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 255:116243. [PMID: 38547645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Fungal infections are a significant global health problem, particularly affecting individuals with weakened immune systems. Moreover, as uncontrolled antibiotic and immunosuppressant use increases continuously, fungal infections have seen a dramatic increase, with some strains developing antibiotic resistance. Traditional approaches to identifying fungal strains often rely on morphological characteristics, thus owning limitations, such as struggles in identifying several strains or distinguishing between fungal strains with similar morphologies. This review explores the multifaceted impact of fungi infections on individuals, healthcare providers, and society, highlighting the often-underestimated economic burden and healthcare implications of these infections. In light of the serious constraints of traditional fungal identification methods, this review discusses the potential of plasmonic nanoparticle-based biosensors for fungal infection identification. These biosensors can enable rapid and precise fungal pathogen detection by exploiting several readout approaches, including various spectroscopic techniques, colorimetric and electrochemical assays, as well as lateral-flow immunoassay methods. Moreover, we report the remarkable impact of plasmonic Lab on a Chip technology and microfluidic devices, as they recently emerged as a class of advanced biosensors. Finally, we provide an overview of smartphone-based Point-of-Care devices and the associated technologies developed for detecting and identifying fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Stoia
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogalniceanu Street, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 Treboniu Laurian Street, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Luciano De Sio
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesca Petronella
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Crystallography CNR-IC, Area della Ricerca Roma 1 Strada Provinciale 35d, n. 9, 00010, Montelibretti (RM), Italy.
| | - Monica Focsan
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogalniceanu Street, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 Treboniu Laurian Street, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Abdelrazig AO, Rijiravanich P, Suwannarat S, Surareungchai W, Somasundrum M. Detection of DNA using gold nanoparticle-coated silica nanoparticles. Anal Biochem 2024; 686:115411. [PMID: 38070665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We report a sensitive lateral flow assay (LFA) in which the assay colour change originated from reporter labels constructed from silica spheres (radius = 450 nm) coated with approximately 3.9 × 103 gold nanoparticles (radius = 8.5 nm). These reporter labels were modified with DNA and deposited in the conjugation area of an LFA device assembled on wax-patterned Fusion 5 paper. Test and control zones of the device were pre-loaded with capture probe formed by avidin-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles attached with biotin-tagged DNA sequences. Proof-of-concept was demonstrated by the detection of a partial sequence of the actin gene of Colletotrichum truncatum. The DNA target could be detected with an LOD of 46 pM, which was 5 times lower than a comparative assay using gold nanoparticles alone. The assay showed good selectivity against the Colletotrichum species C. scovillei and C. gloeosporioides, as well as against DNA from the fungal genera Aspergillus niger and Alternaria alternata. There was negligible change in sensor response over storage for one month at room temperature. The LFA was used to detect PCR products following extraction from mycelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Osman Abdelrazig
- Sensor Technology Laboratory, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Patsamon Rijiravanich
- BioSciences and Systems Biology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Sciences and Technology Development Agency at KMUTT, Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
| | - Sawita Suwannarat
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Werasak Surareungchai
- Analytical Sciences and National Doping Test Institute, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; School of Bioresources and Technology, KMUTT, Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Mithran Somasundrum
- BioSciences and Systems Biology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Sciences and Technology Development Agency at KMUTT, Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
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Li W, Ma X, Yong YC, Liu G, Yang Z. Review of paper-based microfluidic analytical devices for in-field testing of pathogens. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341614. [PMID: 37709421 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens cause various infectious diseases and high morbidity and mortality which is a global public health threat. The highly sensitive and specific detection is of significant importance for the effective treatment and intervention to minimise the impact. However, conventional detection methods including culture and molecular method gravely depend on expensive equipment and well-trained skilled personnel, limiting in the laboratory. It remains challenging to adapt in resource-limiting areas, e.g., low and middle-income countries (LMICs). To this end, low-cost, rapid, and sensitive detection tools with the capability of field testing e.g., a portable device for identification and quantification of pathogens, has attracted increasing attentions. Recently, paper-based microfluidic analytical devices (μPADs) have shown a promising tool for rapid and on-site diagnosis, providing a cost-effective and sensitive analytical approach for pathogens detection. The fast turn-round data collection may also contribute to better understanding of the risks and insights on mitigation method. In this paper, critical developments of μPADs for in-field detection of pathogens both for clinical diagnostics and environmental surveillance are reviewed. The future development, and challenges of μPADs for rapid and onsite detection of pathogens are discussed, including using the cross-disciplinary development with, emerging techniques such as deep learning and Internet of Things (IoT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Li
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Xuanye Ma
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Emergency Management & School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, Bedford, United Kingdom.
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Xu A, Li J, Zhang S, Pan H. An integrated immunochromatographic device for C-reactive protein detection using hierarchical dendritic gold nanostructure films. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1269:341402. [PMID: 37290857 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunochromatographic test strips typically consist of sample pad, conjugate pad, nitrocellulose membrane, and absorbent pad. Even minute variations in the assembly of these components can lead to inconsistent sample-reagent interactions, thereby reducing reproducibility. In addition, the nitrocellulose membrane is susceptible to damage during assembly and handling. To address this issue, we propose to replace the sample pad, conjugate pad, and nitrocellulose membrane with hierarchical dendritic gold nanostructure (HD-nanoAu) films to develop a compact integrated immunochromatographic strip. The strip uses quantum dots as a background fluorescence signal and employs fluorescence quenching to detect C-reactive protein (CRP) in human serum. A 5.9 μm thick HD-nanoAu film was electrodeposited on an ITO conductive glass by the constant potential method. The wicking kinetics of the HD-nanoAu film was thoroughly investigated, and the results indicated that the film exhibited favorable wicking properties, with a wicking coefficient of 0.72 μm ms-0.5. The immunochromatographic device was fabricated by etching three interconnected rings on HD-nanoAu/ITO to designate sample/conjugate (S/C), test (T), and control (C) regions. The S/C region was immobilized with mouse anti-human CRP antibody (Ab1) labeled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), while the T region was preloaded with polystyrene microspheres decorated with CdSe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs) as background fluorescent material, followed by mouse anti-human CRP antibody (Ab2). The C region was immobilized with goat anti-mouse IgG antibody. After the samples were added to the S/C region, the excellent wicking properties of the HD-nanoAu film facilitated the lateral flow of the CRP-containing sample toward the T and C regions after binding to AuNPs labeled with CRP Ab1. In the T region, CRP-AuNPs-Ab1 formed sandwich immunocomplexes with Ab2, and the fluorescence of QDs was quenched by AuNPs. The ratio of fluorescence intensity in the T region to that in the C region was used to quantify CRP. The T/C fluorescence intensity ratio was negatively correlated with the CRP concentration in the range of 26.67-853.33 ng mL-1 (corresponding to 300-fold diluted human serum), with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.98. The limit of detection was 15.0 ng mL-1 (corresponding to 300-fold diluted human serum), and the range of relative standard deviation: 4.48-5.31%, with a recovery rate of 98.22-108.33%. Common interfering substances did not cause significant interference, and the range of relative standard deviation: 1.96-5.51%. This device integrates multiple components of conventional immunochromatographic strips onto a single HD-nanoAu film, resulting in a more compact structure that improves the reproducibility and robustness of detection, making it promising for point-of-care testing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jishun Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Shenglan Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Hongcheng Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Yang N, Ji Y, Wang A, Tang J, Liu S, Zhang X, Xu L, He Y. An integrated nucleic acid detection method based on a microfluidic chip for collection and culture of rice false smut spores. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4894-4904. [PMID: 36378140 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00931e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice false smut spores (RFSS), which are airborne spores caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (U. virens), not only cause severe yield loss and grain quality reduction, but also produce toxins that are harmful to humans and animals. Nucleic acid detection has become the main method for RFSS monitoring due to its high specificity and sensitivity. However, nucleic acid detection requires multiple steps of spore collection, DNA extraction, nucleic acid amplification and detection, which has a high demand for personnel and is hard to link with other intelligent equipment to achieve automation. Microfluidic chip has become an important approach for integrated detection of pathogens owning to miniaturization and integration in recent years. Yet there is a lack of portable methods that integrate the collection of airborne fungal spores and nucleic acid detection. Because RFSS have thick cell walls and require liquid nitrogen grinding to extract DNA, breaking the walls on-chip is difficult. Therefore, the realization of RFSS wall breaking on-chip is a major difficulty and also a very meaningful study. This study uses RFSS as the research object and provides a novel method of culturing RFSS on-chip to solve the problem of hard wall breaking, realizing the integrated detection of RFSS. The mycelium grown by RFSS germination could be easily broken to release DNA for on-chip detection, which eliminates the need for manual DNA extraction and resolves the issue of difficult wall breaking. This chip can collect RFSS based on the aerodynamic theory and achieve gas-liquid coupling through a simple microvalve structure. A micromixer is constructed to mix the liquid, and then accomplish detection quickly by recombinase polymerase amplification and lateral flow dipsticks (RPA-LFD). The detection sensitivity of this method is 1 × 102-1 × 105 CFU ml-1. It can realize the "sample in and answer out" detection of RFSS due to its simple operation, independence from precision instruments, high sensitivity and specificity. The result shows that it can be used for the early detection of RFSS, has great application prospects and is expected to promote the development of on-site instant detection equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Aiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Jian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Shuhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Lijia Xu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625000, China
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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