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Rosa V, Silikas N, Yu B, Dubey N, Sriram G, Zinelis S, Lima AF, Bottino MC, Ferreira JN, Schmalz G, Watts DC. Guidance on the assessment of biocompatibility of biomaterials: Fundamentals and testing considerations. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00221-5. [PMID: 39129079 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing the biocompatibility of materials is crucial for ensuring the safety and well-being of patients by preventing undesirable, toxic, immune, or allergic reactions, and ensuring that materials remain functional over time without triggering adverse reactions. To ensure a comprehensive assessment, planning tests that carefully consider the intended application and potential exposure scenarios for selecting relevant assays, cell types, and testing parameters is essential. Moreover, characterizing the composition and properties of biomaterials allows for a more accurate understanding of test outcomes and the identification of factors contributing to cytotoxicity. Precise reporting of methodology and results facilitates research reproducibility and understanding of the findings by the scientific community, regulatory agencies, healthcare providers, and the general public. AIMS This article aims to provide an overview of the key concepts associated with evaluating the biocompatibility of biomaterials while also offering practical guidance on cellular principles, testing methodologies, and biological assays that can support in the planning, execution, and reporting of biocompatibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Rosa
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- Dental Biomaterials, Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Baiqing Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nileshkumar Dubey
- ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, United States.
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Spiros Zinelis
- School of Dentistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Greece.
| | - Adriano F Lima
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marco C Bottino
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Joao N Ferreira
- Center of Excellence for Innovation for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
| | - Gottfried Schmalz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - David C Watts
- School of Medical Sciences and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Sayuri Cardoso Ohashi A, Reis de Souza Schacher H, Staub Pizzato C, Ryff Moreira Roca Vianna M, Macedo de Menezes L. Embryotoxicity and teratogenesis of orthodontic acrylic resin in zebrafish. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32067. [PMID: 38952375 PMCID: PMC11215258 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the in vivo embryotoxicity, teratogenic potential, and additional effects of orthodontic acrylic resin as well as its components, utilizing zebrafish as a model organism. The research focused on morphological, cardiac, behavioral, and cognitive evaluations that were performed on embryos and larval-stage animals subjected to chronic exposure. Materials and methods Embryo and larval-stage zebrafish were categorized into five experimental groups, which were further subdivided into five subgroups. These subgroups included three specific doses for each tested substance, a control with the vehicle (0.1 % dimethyl sulfoxide in water), and an absolute control (water). Assessments were performed on day 5 post-fertilization, which included morphological, cardiac, behavioral, and cognitive evaluations. All experiments had a sample size of ten animals and were performed in triplicate. Survival and hatching rates were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier test, while other measurements were assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey post hoc test. Results Statistically significant differences were observed between the control and treatment groups across all the tested substances for heart rate, cognitive responsiveness, and cellular apoptosis. However, survival, hatching rate, and other parameters exhibited no significant variation, except for the highest dose in the dibutyl phthalate group, which demonstrated a notable difference in survival. Conclusions Chronic exposure to acrylic resin and its components may be associated with decreased cognitive ability and cardiac rhythm, as well as an increase in the level of cellular apoptosis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Sayuri Cardoso Ohashi
- Dental Program, School of Health and Life Sciences Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Helena Reis de Souza Schacher
- Dental Program, School of Health and Life Sciences Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Christiane Staub Pizzato
- ZebLab & Laboratory of Biology and Development of the Nervous System, School of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Monica Ryff Moreira Roca Vianna
- ZebLab & Laboratory of Biology and Development of the Nervous System, School of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciane Macedo de Menezes
- Dental Program, School of Health and Life Sciences Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Caroprese AC, Navarrete ANC, Prieto SJG, Villamil JC, Uribe OAC, Reyes JCS, Pinzón AHAM. Cytotoxic effects on human dental pulp stem Cells after exposure to adhesive bonding agents. Braz Dent J 2024; 35:e245529. [PMID: 38922248 PMCID: PMC11196030 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202405529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies regarding cytotoxic effects attributed to the use of adhesive bonding agents on pulp tissue are not conclusive. To point out whether these materials are safe for clinical use, in vivo exposure of dental pulp to adhesive bonding agents was simulated using an experimental setup in which Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSC) are exposed to the action of two kinds of adhesives: self-etching adhesives and two-step bonding agents through a dentine barrier. Cytotoxic effects on these cells were evaluated by MTT assay protocol and fluorescence microscopy, and their results were contrasted to those obtained through Raman spectra taken on single hDPSCs. Overall, no significant cytotoxic effects were observed by combining all the techniques, and cell viability close to 90% was achieved for a dentine barrier of at least 1 mm thick. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy was able to detect structural DNA damage in some dental pulp cells when exposed to two-step bonding agents, suggesting that this technique could be considered a complementary tool with the potential to evaluate cell toxicity beyond cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Janeth Gutiérrez Prieto
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, BogotáD.C., Colombia
| | - Jean Carlos Villamil
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, BogotáD.C., Colombia
| | | | - Juan Carlos Salcedo Reyes
- Grupo de Películas delgadas y Nanofotónica, Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, BogotáD.C., Colombia
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Dai S, Zhou W, Duan L, Tang K, Yang Z, Cao R, Tay F, Niu L, Chen J. High-Performance Dental Resins Containing a Starburst Monomer. J Dent Res 2024; 103:536-545. [PMID: 38549255 PMCID: PMC11145299 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241232312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dimethacrylate-based chemistries feature extensively as resin monomers in dental resin-based materials due to their distinguished overall performance. However, challenges endure, encompassing inadequate mechanical attributes, volumetric shrinkage, and estrogenicity. Herein, we first synthesized a novel resin monomer, 9-armed starburst polyurethane acrylate (NPUA), via the grafting-onto approach. Compared to the primary commercial dental monomer 2,2-bis [p-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methacryloxypropoxy) phenyl] propane (Bis-GMA) (with a viscosity of 1,174 ± 3 Pa·s and volumetric shrinkage of 4.7% ± 0.1%), the NPUA monomer achieves the lower viscosity (158 ± 1 Pa·s), volumetric shrinkage (2.5% ± 0.1%), and cytotoxicity (P < 0.05). The NPUA-based resins exhibit the higher flexural strength, flexural modulus, hardness, and hydrophobicity and lower volumetric shrinkage, water absorption, and solubility compared to the Bis-GMA (70 wt%)/TEGDMA (30 wt%) resins. The NPUA-based composites exhibit significantly higher flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hardness and lower volumetric shrinkage (171.4 ± 3.0 MPa, 12.6 ± 0.5 GPa, 2.0 ± 0.2 GPa, and 3.4% ± 0.2%, respectively) compared to the Bis-GMA group (120.3 ± 4.7 MPa, 9.4 ± 0.7 GPa, 1.5 ± 0.1 GPa, and 4.7% ± 0.2%, respectively; P < 0.05). This work presents a viable avenue for augmenting the physicochemical attributes of dental resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.Q. Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - W. Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - L.Y. Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - K. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Z.Y. Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Stomatology, 923th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Nanning, China
| | - R.J. Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - F.R. Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - L.N. Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - J.H. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Golubović Z, Bojović B, Kirin S, Milovanović A, Petrov L, Anđelković B, Sofrenić I. Effect of Aging on Tensile and Chemical Properties of Polylactic Acid and Polylactic Acid-Like Polymer Materials for Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1035. [PMID: 38674955 PMCID: PMC11053981 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, with its fast development and application of polymeric materials, led to the wide utilization of polylactic acid (PLA) materials. As a biodegradable and biocompatible aliphatic polyester, produced from renewable sources, PLA is widely used in different sectors, from industry to medicine and science. The aim of this research is to determine the differences between two forms of the PLA material, i.e., fused deposition modeling (FDM) printed filament and digital light processing (DLP) printed resin, followed by aging due to environmental and hygiene maintenance conditions for a period of two months. Specimens underwent 3D scanning, tensile testing, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry to obtain insights into the material changes that occurred. Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical analysis was subsequently carried out to determine the statistical significance of the determined changes. Significant impairment can be observed in the dimensional accuracies between both materials, whether they are non-aged or aged. The mechanical properties fluctuated for aged FDM specimens: 15% for ultimate tensile stress, 15% for elongation at yield, and 12% for elastic modulus. Regarding the DLP aged specimens, the UTS decreased by 61%, elongation at yield by around 61%, and elastic modulus by 62%. According to the FTIR spectral analysis, the PLA materials degraded, especially in the case of resin specimens. Aging also showed a significant influence on the elastic modulus, ultimate tensile stress, elongation at yield, elongation at break, and toughness of both materials, which was statistically shown by means of a two-way ANOVA test. The data collected in this research give a better understanding of the underlying aging mechanism of PLA materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana Golubović
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Božica Bojović
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Kirin
- Innovation Center of Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksa Milovanović
- Innovation Center of Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubiša Petrov
- Innovation Center of Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boban Anđelković
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Sofrenić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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Xie C, Fang T, Wang Y, Yu H. A digital workflow for the fabrication of an immediate implant-supported interim restoration. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:180-186. [PMID: 35279302 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Immediate interim restorations in the esthetic region are usually fabricated in situ by using the pick-up technique, which is time-consuming and has a potential for cross-infection. This article describes a rapid and precise workflow for the fabrication of an immediate implant-supported interim restoration. A cast with gingival contours and an extended tube to accommodate the implant analogs is generated preoperatively based on the virtual implant planning and a predesigned restoration. After guided osteotomy and implant insertion, the actual three-dimensional (3D) implant position is transferred precisely from the mouth to the printed cast by using the surgical guide. This technique can achieve the rapid and precise fabrication of the interim restoration with guidance immediately after the surgery, decreasing the risk of cross-infection and reducing clinical steps and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Xie
- Graduate student, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Technology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Tinglu Fang
- Graduate student, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Technology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yingkai Wang
- Graduate student, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Professor, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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Ma X, Xu H, Chen X, Zou Q, Wang J, Da Y, Yin H. Modern methods and materials used to treat root perforation: effectiveness comparison. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2024; 35:1. [PMID: 38206373 PMCID: PMC10784354 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to experimentally compare the efficacy of different endodontic materials (iRoot BP Plus, Biodentine, MTA, Rootdent, and Trioxide) in the treatment of pulpitis and perforations on extracted tooth specimens. Additionally, the study aims to investigate the influence of iRoot BP Plus endodontic material on the regenerative processes following pulp amputation in laboratory animals. The secondary goal is to evaluate the effect of iRoot BP Plus on the restoration process in laboratory animals after pulp removal. The study presents a micropermeability analysis of the selected biomaterials performed on a sample of 50 single-rooted apical teeth in 2022. All teeth underwent endodontic treatment. Changes in molar morphology were investigated with eight laboratory animals (rabbits, 3 months old, all males) after simulated pulp removal and subsequent treatment with the iRoot BP Plus biomaterials. iRoot BP Plus appeared to be more effective in retrograde apical root filling than other biomaterials, as evidenced by its higher sealing effect. An experiment involving animal participants revealed the presence of protective adaptive mechanisms, which manifested in the form of an inflammatory process within 6 weeks after the dental pulp was removed. The connective tissue replaced the necrosis, and new capillaries began to form intensively. These dental outcomes suggest that iRoot BP Plus enables hermetical sealing in tooth restoration with good adhesion. Thus, it may have the ability to promote more active tissue regeneration after pulp removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoLan Ma
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hebei Eye Hospital, 399 East Quanbei Street, Xingtai, 054001, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hebei Eye Hospital, 399 East Quanbei Street, Xingtai, 054001, China
| | - Xuefang Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hebei Eye Hospital, 399 East Quanbei Street, Xingtai, 054001, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hebei Eye Hospital, 399 East Quanbei Street, Xingtai, 054001, China
| | - Junrong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hebei Eye Hospital, 399 East Quanbei Street, Xingtai, 054001, China
| | - Yunmeng Da
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Eye Hospital, 399 East Quanbei Street, Xingtai, 054001, China
| | - Huisu Yin
- Department of Science and Education, Hebei Eye Hospital, 399 East Quanbei Street, Xingtai, 054001, China.
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Coaguila-Llerena H, Ochoa-Rodríguez VM, Passos Barbieri I, Ramos SG, Faria G. Calcium hypochlorite cytotoxicity mechanism in fibroblasts and effect on osteoblast mineralization. Int Endod J 2024; 57:64-77. [PMID: 37814380 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the cytotoxicity mechanism of 2.5% calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2 ] in L929 fibroblasts and the effect of this solution on human osteoblast-like cells (Saos-2) mineralization, compared to that of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). METHODOLOGY L929 fibroblasts were exposed to Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl at different dilutions for 10 min. Cell metabolism was assessed by methyl-thiazole-tetrazolium (MTT); lysosome integrity, by neutral red (NR) assay; type of cell death, by flow cytometry (apoptosis/necrosis); cytoskeleton, by actin and α-tubulin fluorescence and cell ultrastructure, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation were determined in Saos-2 by thymolphthalein release and alizarin red staining (ARS), respectively. The data were analysed by two-way anova and Bonferroni's post-test (α = .05). RESULTS Ca(OCl)2 promoted higher cell viability and a lower percentage of apoptosis and necrosis than NaOCl (p < .05). Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl decreased cell metabolism and lysosome integrity, induced the breakdown of microtubules and actin filaments, promoted alterations of rough endoplasmic reticulum and disruption of mitochondrial cristae. Additionally, Ca(OCl)2 did not induce ALP activity and had no effect on mineralized nodules formation. CONCLUSIONS Although Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl promoted the same cytotoxicity mechanism, Ca(OCl)2 was less cytotoxic than NaOCl. As for ALP activity, no differences were observed between NaOCl and Ca(OCl)2 . The production of mineralized nodules induced by Ca(OCl)2 was lower than those induced by NaOCl, but was not different from those induced by the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Coaguila-Llerena
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Victor Manuel Ochoa-Rodríguez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Isadora Passos Barbieri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Simone Gusmão Ramos
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
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Wiertelak-Makała K, Szymczak-Pajor I, Bociong K, Śliwińska A. Considerations about Cytotoxicity of Resin-Based Composite Dental Materials: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:152. [PMID: 38203323 PMCID: PMC10778595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The dental material industry is rapidly developing resin-based composites (RBCs), which find widespread use in a variety of clinical settings. As such, their biocompatibility has gained increasing interest. This literature review presents a summary of research into the cytotoxicity of methacrylate-based composites published from 2017 to 2023. Subject to analysis were 14 in vitro studies on human and murine cell lines. Cytotoxicity in the included studies was measured via MTT assay, LDH assay, and WST-1 assay. The QUIN Risk of Bias Tool was performed to validate the included studies. Included studies (based entirely on the results of in vitro studies) provide evidence of dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity of dental resin-based composites. Oxidative stress and the depletion of cellular glutathione (GSH) were suggested as reasons for cytotoxicity. Induction of apoptosis by RBCs was indicated. While composites remain the golden standard of dental restorative materials, their potential cytotoxicity cannot be ignored due to direct long-term exposure. Further in vitro investigations and clinical trials are required to understand the molecular mechanism of cytotoxicity and produce novel materials with improved safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Wiertelak-Makała
- Student Scientific Society of Civilization Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kinga Bociong
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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Atila D, Kumaravel V. Advances in antimicrobial hydrogels for dental tissue engineering: regenerative strategies for endodontics and periodontics. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6711-6747. [PMID: 37656064 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00719g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Dental tissue infections have been affecting millions of patients globally leading to pain, severe tissue damage, or even tooth loss. Commercial sterilizers may not be adequate to prevent frequent dental infections. Antimicrobial hydrogels have been introduced as an effective therapeutic strategy for endodontics and periodontics since they have the capability of imitating the native extracellular matrix of soft tissues. Hydrogel networks are considered excellent drug delivery platforms due to their high-water retention capacity. In this regard, drugs or nanoparticles can be incorporated into the hydrogels to endow antimicrobial properties as well as to improve their regenerative potential, once biocompatibility criteria are met avoiding high dosages. Herein, novel antimicrobial hydrogel formulations were discussed for the first time in the scope of endodontics and periodontics. Such hydrogels seem outstanding candidates especially when designed not only as simple volume fillers but also as smart biomaterials with condition-specific adaptability within the dynamic microenvironment of the defect site. Multifunctional hydrogels play a pivotal role against infections, inflammation, oxidative stress, etc. along the way of dental regeneration. Modern techniques (e.g., 3D and 4D-printing) hold promise to develop the next generation of antimicrobial hydrogels together with their limitations such as infeasibility of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Atila
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM) - International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Vignesh Kumaravel
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM) - International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
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Alshamrani A, Alhotan A, Owais A, Ellakwa A. The Clinical Potential of 3D-Printed Crowns Reinforced with Zirconia and Glass Silica Microfillers. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050267. [PMID: 37233377 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of 3D-printed crown resin materials with improved mechanical and physical properties is an area of growing interest in dentistry. This study aimed to develop a 3D-printed crown resin material modified with zirconia glass (ZG) and glass silica (GS) microfillers to enhance overall mechanical and physical properties. A total of 125 specimens were created and divided into five groups: control unmodified resin, 5% either ZG or GS reinforced 3D-printed resin, and 10% either ZG or GS reinforced 3D-printed resin. The fracture resistance, surface roughness, and translucency parameter were measured, and fractured crowns were studied under a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that 3D-printed parts that were strengthened with ZG and GS microfillers demonstrated comparable mechanical performance to unmodified crown resin but resulted in greater surface roughness, and only the group that contained 5% ZG showed an increase in translucency. However, it should be noted that increased surface roughness may impact the aesthetics of the crowns, and further optimisation of microfillers concentrations may be necessary. These findings suggest that the newly developed dental-based resins that incorporate microfillers could be suitable for clinical applications, but further studies are necessary to optimise the nanoparticle concentrations and investigate their long-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alshamrani
- Oral Rehabilitation & Dental Biomaterial and Bioengineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Owais
- The X-ray Spectroscopy Node, Sydney Analytical, Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ayman Ellakwa
- Oral Rehabilitation & Dental Biomaterial and Bioengineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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12
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Kong X, Han Q, Jiang A, Wang Y, Li R, Wang Y, Xiao S, Wei R, Ma Y. BNN/TiO 2 nanocomposite system-modified dental flow resins and the mechanism of the enhancement of mechanical and antibacterial properties. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:2775-2786. [PMID: 36825578 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01848a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Robust and antibacterial dental resins are essential for repairing the shape and function of the teeth. However, an ingenious way to achieve a synergistic enhancement of these two properties is still lacking. In this work, guided by molecular dynamics (MD) calculations, a boron nitride nanosheet (BNN)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposite system was synthesized and used to modify the dental flow resin to enhance its mechanical and antimicrobial properties. The mechanical and antimicrobial enhancement mechanisms were further explored. The modified resin demonstrated outstanding performance improvement with 88.23%, 58.47%, 82.01%, and 55.06% improvement in compressive strength (CS), microhardness (MH), flexural strength (FS), and elastic modulus (EM), respectively. Moreover, the modified resin could effectively inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) regardless of aging in water and the inhibition rates were more than 90%. In conclusion, the modified resin is expected to be an ideal restorative material for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzi Kong
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Qize Han
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Axue Jiang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Yurui Wang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Ruizhi Li
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Yuting Wang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Shengjie Xiao
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Rong Wei
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Yu Ma
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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13
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Emery SP, Greene S, Elsisy M, Chung K, Ye SH, Kim S, Wagner WR, Hazen N, Chun Y. In vitro and in vivo assessment of a novel ultra-flexible ventriculoamniotic shunt for treating fetal hydrocephalus. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1423-1435. [PMID: 36063383 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221125309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fetal aqueductal stenosis (AS) is one of the most common causes of congenital hydrocephalus, which increases intracranial pressure due to partial or complete obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow within the ventricular system. Approximately 2-4 infants per 10,000 births develop AS, which leads to progressive hydrocephalus, which enlarges the head often necessitating delivery by cesarean section. Most babies born with AS are severely neurologically impaired and experience a lifetime of disability. Therefore, a new device technology for venticuloamniotic shunting is urgently needed and has been studied to ameliorate or prevent fetal hydrocephalus development, which can provide a significant impact on patients and their family's quality of life and on the decrease of the healthcare dollars spent for the treatment. This study has successfully validated the design of shunt devices and demonstrated the mechanical performance and valve functions. A functional prototype shunt has been fabricated and subsequently used in multiple in vitro tests to demonstrate the performance of this newly developed ventriculoamniotic shunt. The shunt contains a main silicone-nitinol composite tube, a superelastic 90° angled dual dumbbell anchor, and an ePTFE valve encased by a stainless-steel cage. The anchor will change its diameter from 1.15 mm (collapsed state) to 2.75 mm (deployed state) showing up to 1.4-fold diameter change in human body temperature. Flow rates in shunts were quantified to demonstrate the valve function in low flow rates mimicking the fetal hydrocephalus condition showing "no backflow" for the valved shunt while there is up to 15 mL/h flow through the shunt with pressure difference of 20 Pa. In vivo ovine study results show the initial successful device delivery and flow drainage with sheep model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Emery
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Divisions of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 6620Magee Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie Greene
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, 6619Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Moataz Elsisy
- Mechanical Design and Production Department, 63526Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kaitlin Chung
- Department of Biengineering, 6614University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sang-Ho Ye
- Department of Surgery, 6595UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Seungil Kim
- Department of Surgery, 6595UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Nika Hazen
- Center for Preclinical Studies, 536993University of Pittsburgh McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Youngjae Chun
- Department of Biengineering, 6614University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Industrial Engineering, 6614University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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14
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Fatima M, Karwasra R, Almalki WH, Sahebkar A, Kesharwani P. Galactose engineered nanocarriers: Hopes and hypes in cancer therapy. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Fierascu RC. Incorporation of Nanomaterials in Glass Ionomer Cements-Recent Developments and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12213827. [PMID: 36364603 PMCID: PMC9658828 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Glass ionomer cements (GICs), restorative materials with commercial availability spanning over five decades, are widely applied due to their advantages (including bio-compatibility, fluoride release, or excellent bonding properties). However, GICs have shortcomings. Among the disadvantages limiting the application of GICs, the poor mechanical properties are the most significant. In order to enhance the mechanical or antimicrobial properties of these materials, the addition of nanomaterials represents a viable approach. The present paper aims to review the literature on the application of different types of nanomaterials for the enhancement of GICs' mechanical and antimicrobial properties, which could lead to several clinical benefits, including better physical properties and the prevention of tooth decay. After applying the described methodology, representative articles published in the time period 2011-present were selected and included in the final review, covering the modification of GICs with metallic nanoparticles (Cu, Ag), metallic and metalloid oxide nanoparticles (TiO2, ZnO, MgO, Al2O3, ZrO2, SiO2), apatitic nanomaterials, and other nanomaterials or multi-component nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Claudiu Fierascu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Str., 060042 Bucharest, Romania
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Ilisulu SC, Oztop NE, Akkoc T, Seymen F. In vitro evaluation of pediatric restorative materials on human dental pulp stem cells. Tissue Cell 2022; 77:101871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Bapat RA, Yang HJ, Chaubal TV, Dharmadhikari S, Abdulla AM, Arora S, Rawal S, Kesharwani P. Review on synthesis, properties and multifarious therapeutic applications of nanostructured zirconia in dentistry. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12773-12793. [PMID: 35496329 PMCID: PMC9044188 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00006g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amongst dental ceramics, nano zirconia (ZrNp) has shown exceptional developments in the field of dentistry in recent years. Zirconia is an oxide that possess superior optical, mechanical, and biological properties. As a novel nanoparticle, it has been widely used in various fields of dentistry due to its improved mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and stable structure. Provision of metal free solutions is one of the prime requirements in dental materials. Many metal alloys used extensively possess unaesthetic colors and display chemical interactions in the oral cavity encouraging use of zirconia for dental use. Use of ZrNp based ceramics has increased due to its resistance to corrosion, superior color matching that enhances esthetics and improved strength compared to conventional biomaterials. This review discusses the recent scientific literature on the synthesis, properties and types, applications, and toxicity of ZrNp in the field of dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet A Bapat
- Faculty, Division of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur 57000 Malaysia
| | - Ho Jan Yang
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Tanay V Chaubal
- Faculty, Division of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur 57000 Malaysia
| | - Suyog Dharmadhikari
- Faculty, School of Dentistry, DY Patil Deemed to be University Navi-mumbai-400706 India
| | - Anshad Mohamed Abdulla
- Faculty, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, King Khalid University Abha Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Suraj Arora
- Faculty, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, King Khalid University Abha Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Swati Rawal
- Faculty, Director, Predoctoral Periodontology, Marquette University Milwaukee WI 53201-1881 USA
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Jamia Hamdard New Delhi-110062 India https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DJkvOAQAAAAJ&hl=en +91-7999710141 +91-7999710141
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Mixed Contaminants: Occurrence, Interactions, Toxicity, Detection, and Remediation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082577. [PMID: 35458775 PMCID: PMC9029723 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing rate of pollution has attracted considerable interest in research. Several anthropogenic activities have diminished soil, air, and water quality and have led to complex chemical pollutants. This review aims to provide a clear idea about the latest and most prevalent pollutants such as heavy metals, PAHs, pesticides, hydrocarbons, and pharmaceuticals—their occurrence in various complex mixtures and how several environmental factors influence their interaction. The mechanism adopted by these contaminants to form the complex mixtures leading to the rise of a new class of contaminants, and thus resulting in severe threats to human health and the environment, has also been exhibited. Additionally, this review provides an in-depth idea of various in vivo, in vitro, and trending biomarkers used for risk assessment and identifies the occurrence of mixed contaminants even at very minute concentrations. Much importance has been given to remediation technologies to understand our current position in handling these contaminants and how the technologies can be improved. This paper aims to create awareness among readers about the most ubiquitous contaminants and how simple ways can be adopted to tackle the same.
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Analysis of the residual monomer content in milled and 3D-printed removable CAD-CAM Murali complete dentures: an in vitro study. J Dent 2022; 120:104094. [PMID: 35301079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the elution of methylmethacrylate from CAD-CAM manufactured removable complete dentures (RCDs) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). METHODS Thirty-two RCDs were manufactured following either the CNC-milling (Milled: n=8) or the 3D-printing (n=24) protocols. The 3D-printed dentures were further categorized into three groups based on their post-production rinsing cycles [Extended wash cycle (EWC), Standard wash cycle (SWC), and SWC and additional Durécon coating (SWC2)]. HPLC was used to evaluate the methylmethacrylate concentrations (MMCs) eluted from the dentures in each group for different time periods (1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours). Mean and standard deviations were calculated for the MMCs; data was verified for normal distribution, ANOVA and post hoc tests were applied for statistical analyses (⍺=0.05). RESULTS The HPLC revealed that all the denture groups recorded some amounts of MMCs, with significant differences [F (3, 31) = 23.646, p<0.0001]. The milled denture group had the highest MMCs at 24 hours when compared to the EWC (p<0.0001), SWC (p=0.001), and SWC2 (p<0.0001) denture groups. SWC had a higher MMC than EWC (p=0.032) and SWC2 (p=0.015). No differences were found in MMCs when comparing EWC and SWC2 (p=0.989). CONCLUSION Methylmethacrylate concentrations were significantly lower in 3D-printed RCDs than in milled RCDs when using the resins employed in this study. Furthermore, the MMCs can be further decreased in the 3D-printed RCDs when coated with an additional thin protective layer (Durécon) by following the manufacturer-recommended rinsing protocol or when an extended isopropanol wash cycle is adopted.
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Solanki L, Shantha Sundari KK, Muralidharan NP, Jain R. Antimicrobial effect of novel gold nanoparticle oral rinse in subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment: An ex-vivo study. J Int Oral Health 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_155_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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21
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Parolia A, Bapat RA, Chaubal T, Yang HJ, Panda S, Mohan M, Sahebkar A, Kesharwani P. Recent update on application of propolis as an adjuvant natural medication in management of gum diseases and drug delivery approaches. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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