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Farzan M, Ross A, Müller C, Allmendinger A. Liquid crystal phase formation and non-Newtonian behavior of oligonucleotide formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 181:270-281. [PMID: 36435312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Viscosity behavior of liquid oligonucleotide therapeutics and its dependence on formulation properties has been poorly studied to date. We observed a high increase in viscosity and solidification of therapeutic oligonucleotide formulations with increasing oligonucleotide concentration creating challenges during drug product manufacturing. In this study, we characterized the viscosity behavior of three different single strand DNA oligonucleotides based on oligonucleotide concentration and formulation composition. We subsequently studied the underlying mechanism for increased viscosity at higher oligonucleotide concentrations by dynamic light scattering (DLS), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and polarized light microscopy. Viscosity was highly dependent on formulation composition, oligonucleotide sequence, and concentration, and especially dependent on the presence and combination of different individual ions, such as the presence of sodium chloride in the formulation. In samples with elevated viscosity, the viscosity behavior was characterized by non-Newtonian, shear-thinning flow behavior. We further studied these samples by DLS and 1H NMR, which revealed the presence of supra-molecular assemblies, and further characterization by polarized light and DSC characterized these assemblies as liquid crystals in the formulation. The present study links the macroscopic viscosity behavior of oligonucleotide formulations to the formation of supra-molecular assemblies and to the presence of liquid crystals, and highlights the importance of formulation composition selection for these therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farzan
- Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, Pharmaceutical Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstr. 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Alfred Ross
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstr. 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Müller
- Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, Pharmaceutical Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstr. 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Allmendinger
- Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, Pharmaceutical Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstr. 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland; Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Freiburg, Sonnenstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Nano drug delivery systems for antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) therapeutics. J Control Release 2022; 352:861-878. [PMID: 36397636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, infectious diseases, and metabolic and hereditary genetic disorders are a global health burden affecting millions of people, with contemporary treatments offering limited relief. Antisense technology treats diseases by targeting their causal agents using its ability to alter or inhibit endogenous or malfunctioning genes. Nine antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drugs that represent four different chemical classes have been approved for the treatment of rare diseases, including nusinersen, the first new oligonucleotide-based drug. Advances in medicinal chemistry, understanding the molecular pathways, and the availability of vast genetic data have resulted in enormous improvements in the therapeutic performance of ASO drugs; however, their susceptibility to degradation in the circulation, rapid renal clearance, and immunostimulatory adverse effects greatly limit their clinical applications. An increasing number of ASO-based therapeutics is being tested in clinical trials. Improvements to the delivery of ASO drugs could potentially change the therapeutic landscape for many conditions in the near future. This review describes the technological advances and developments in drug delivery systems pertaining to ASO therapeutics.
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Huang S, Hao XY, Li YJ, Wu JY, Xiang DX, Luo S. Nonviral delivery systems for antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics. Biomater Res 2022; 26:49. [PMID: 36180936 PMCID: PMC9523189 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are an important tool for the treatment of many genetic disorders. However, similar to other gene drugs, vectors are often required to protect them from degradation and clearance, and to accomplish their transport in vivo. Compared with viral vectors, artificial nonviral nanoparticles have a variety of design, synthesis, and formulation possibilities that can be selected to accomplish protection and delivery for specific applications, and they have served critical therapeutic purposes in animal model research and clinical applications, allowing safe and efficient gene delivery processes into the target cells. We believe that as new ASO drugs develop, the exploration for corresponding nonviral vectors is inevitable. Intensive development of nonviral vectors with improved delivery strategies based on specific targets can continue to expand the value of ASO therapeutic approaches. Here, we provide an overview of current nonviral delivery strategies, including ASOs modifications, action mechanisms, and multi-carrier methods, which aim to address the irreplaceable role of nonviral vectors in the progressive development of ASOs delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Yan Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun-Yong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Da-Xiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shilin Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China. .,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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