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Miao X, Chen W, Lv S, Li A, Li Y, Zhang Q, Yue Y, Zhao H, Liu L, Guo S, Guo L. Stabilizing Single-Atomic Pt by Forming PtFe Bonds for Efficient Diboration of Alkynes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211790. [PMID: 36632699 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Precisely tailoring the oxidation state of single-atomic metal in heterogeneous catalysis is an efficient way to stabilize the single-atomic site and promote their activity, but realizing this approach remains a grand challenge to date. Herein, a class of stable single-atomic catalysts with well-tuned oxidation state of Pt by forming PtFe atomic bonds is reported, which are supported by defective Fe2 O3 nanosheets on reduced graphene oxide (PFARFNs). These as-synthesized materials can greatly enhance the catalytic activity, stability, and selectivity for the diboration of alkynes. The PFARFNs exhibit high conversion of 99% at 100 °C with an outstanding turnover frequency (TOF) of 545 h-1 , and a relatively high conversion of 58% at room temperature (25 °C) with a TOF of 310 h-1 , which has been hardly achieved previously. Through both experimental and theoretical investigation, it is demonstrated that the fast electron transfer from Fe to Pt in Fe-Pt-O atomic sites in PFARFNs can not only stabilize the single-atomic Pt, but also significantly improve their catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Miao
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Energy & Catalysis Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shuning Lv
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Anran Li
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Li
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yonghai Yue
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Hewei Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Limin Liu
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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3
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Grundy M, Sotorrios L, Bisai MK, Yuan K, Macgregor SA, Ingleson MJ. Understanding and Expanding Zinc Cation/Amine Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalyzed C-H Borylation. ACS Catal 2023; 13:2286-2294. [PMID: 36846822 PMCID: PMC9942201 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
[(NacNac)Zn(DMT)][B(C6F5)4], 1, (NacNac = {(2,6- i Pr2H3C6)N(CH3)C}2CH), DMT = N,N-dimethyl-4-toluidine), was synthesized via two routes starting from either (NacNac)ZnEt or (NacNac)ZnH. Complex 1 is an effective (pre)catalyst for the C-H borylation of (hetero)arenes using catecholborane (CatBH) with H2 the only byproduct. The scope included weakly activated substrates such as 2-bromothiophene and benzothiophene. Computational studies elucidated a plausible reaction mechanism that has an overall free energy span of 22.4 kcal/mol (for N-methylindole borylation), consistent with experimental observations. The calculated mechanism starting from 1 proceeds via the displacement of DMT by CatBH to form [(NacNac)Zn(CatBH)]+, D, in which CatBH binds via an oxygen to zinc which makes the boron center much more electrophilic based on the energy of the CatB-based LUMO. Combinations of D and DMT act as a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) to effect C-H borylation in a stepwise process via an arenium cation that is deprotonated by DMT. Subsequent B-H/[H-DMT]+ dehydrocoupling and displacement from the coordination sphere of zinc of CatBAr by CatBH closes the cycle. The calculations also revealed a possible catalyst decomposition pathway involving hydride transfer from boron to zinc to form (NacNac)ZnH which reacts with CatBH to ultimately form Zn(0). In addition, the key rate-limiting transition states all involve the base, thus fine-tuning of the steric and electronic parameters of the base enabled a further minor enhancement in the C-H borylation activity of the system. Outlining the mechanism for all steps of this FLP-mediated process will facilitate the development of other main group FLP catalysts for C-H borylation and other transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
E. Grundy
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Lia Sotorrios
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Milan Kumar Bisai
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kang Yuan
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A. Macgregor
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom,
| | - Michael J. Ingleson
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom,
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