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Kauerhof D, Riebe J, Vonnemann CJ, Thiele M, Jansen D, Niemeyer J. Heterobifunctional rotaxanes featuring two chiral subunits - synthesis and application in asymmetric organocatalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2393-2396. [PMID: 38323328 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05482a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Rotaxanes can serve as scaffolds for the generation of bifunctional catalysts. We have now generated acid-base functionalized rotaxanes featuring two chiral subunits. The mechanical bond leads to increased reaction rates and also to strongly altered enantioselectivites in comparison to the non-interlocked control catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kauerhof
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Centre of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Jan Riebe
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Centre of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Christoph J Vonnemann
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Centre of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Maike Thiele
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Centre of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Dennis Jansen
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Centre of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Jochen Niemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Centre of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany.
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Koehler V, Bruschera G, Merlet E, Mandal PK, Morvan E, Rosu F, Douat C, Fischer L, Huc I, Ferrand Y. High-Affinity Hybridization of Complementary Aromatic Oligoamide Strands in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311639. [PMID: 37804233 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
We prepared a series of water-soluble aromatic oligoamide sequences all composed of a segment prone to form a single helix and a segment prone to dimerize into a double helix. These sequences exclusively assemble as antiparallel duplexes. The modification of the duplex inner rim by varying the nature of the substituents borne by the aromatic monomers allowed us to identify sequences that can hybridize by combining two chemically different strands, with high affinity and complete selectivity in water. X-ray crystallography confirmed the expected antiparallel configuration of the duplexes whereas NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry allowed us to assess precisely the extent of the hybridization. The hybridization kinetics of the aromatic strands was shown to depend on both the nature of the substituents responsible for strand complementarity and the length of the aromatic strand. These results highlight the great potential of aromatic hetero-duplex as a tool to construct non-symmetrical dynamic supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Koehler
- CBMN (UMR 5248) Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, 2 rue Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Gabrielle Bruschera
- CBMN (UMR 5248) Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, 2 rue Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Eric Merlet
- CBMN (UMR 5248) Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, 2 rue Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Pradeep K Mandal
- Department Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Estelle Morvan
- IECB, UAR3033 Univ. ćBordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Rosu
- IECB, UAR3033 Univ. ćBordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Céline Douat
- Department Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Lucile Fischer
- CBMN (UMR 5248) Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, 2 rue Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Yann Ferrand
- CBMN (UMR 5248) Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, 2 rue Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
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Mechanistic DFT Study of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of Azides with Guanidine. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052342. [PMID: 36903588 PMCID: PMC10004754 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Density functional calculations SMD(chloroform)//B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) were employed in the computational study of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of azides with guanidine. The formation of two regioisomeric tetrazoles and their rearrangement to cyclic aziridines and open-chain guanidine products were modeled. The results suggest the feasibility of an uncatalyzed reaction under very drastic conditions since the thermodynamically preferred reaction path (a), which involves cycloaddition by binding the carbon atom from guanidine to the terminal azide nitrogen atom, and the guanidine imino nitrogen with the inner N atom from the azide, has an energy barrier higher than 50 kcal mol-1. The formation of the other regioisomeric tetrazole (imino nitrogen interacts with terminal N atom of azide) in direction (b) can be more favorable and proceed under milder conditions if alternative activation of the nitrogen molecule releases (e.g., photochemical activation), or deamination could be achieved because these processes have the highest barrier in the less favorable (b) branch of the mechanism. The introduction of substituents should favorably affect the cycloaddition reactivity of the azides, with the greatest effects expected for the benzyl and perfluorophenyl groups.
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