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Yang W, Wang F, Wang H, Ding D, Jiang S, Zhang G. Platform for the Immobilizing of Ultrasmall Pd Clusters for Carbonylation: In Situ Self-Templating Fabrication of ZIF-8 on ZnO. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306794. [PMID: 38072816 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Incorporating metal clusters into the confined cavities of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to form MOF-supported catalysts has attracted considerable research interest with regard to carbonylation reactions. Herein, a self-templating method is used to prepare the zinc oxide (ZnO)-supported core-shell catalyst ZnO@Pd/ZIF-8. This facile strategy controls the growth of metal sources on the ZIF-8 shell layer and avoids the metal diffusion or aggregation problems of the conventional synthesis method. The characteristics of the catalysts show that the palladium (Pd) clusters are highly dispersed with an average particle size of ≈1.2 nm, making them excellent candidates as a catalyst for carbonylation under mild conditions. The optimal catalyst (1.25-ZnO@Pd/ZIF-8) exhibits excellent activity in synthesizing α, β-alkynyl ketones under 1 atm of carbon monooxide (CO), and the conversion rate of 1, 3-diphenylprop-2-yn-1-one is 3.09 and 3.87 times more than those of Pd/ZIF-8 and Pd2+, respectively, for the first 2 h. Moreover, the 1.25-ZnO@Pd/ZIF-8 is recyclable, showing negligible metal leaching, and, under the conditions used in this investigation, can be reused at least five times without considerable loss in its catalytic efficiency. This protocol can also be applied with other nucleophile reagents to synthesize esters, amides, and acid products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Fangchao Wang
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
| | - He Wang
- The third Military Representative Office in Taiyuan, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Ding Ding
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
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Lin D, Liu Y, Yang H, Zhang X, Sun H, Jian Y, Zhang W, Yang J, Gao Z. A General Synthesis of Cross-Conjugated Enynones through Pd Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling with Triazine Esters. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114364. [PMID: 37298843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling of α, β-unsaturated acid derivatives offers a diversity-oriented synthetic strategy for cross-conjugated enynones. However, the susceptibility of the unsaturated C-C bonds adjacent to the carbonyl group toward Pd catalysts makes the direct conversion of α, β-unsaturated derivatives as acyl electrophiles to cross-conjugated ketones rare. This work presents a highly selective C-O activation approach to prepare cross-conjugated enynones using α, β-unsaturated triazine esters as acyl electrophiles. Under base and phosphine ligand-free conditions, NHC-Pd(II)-Allyl precatalyst alone catalyzed the cross-coupling of α, β-unsaturated triazine esters with terminal alkynes efficiently, yielding 31 cross-conjugated enynones with diverse functional groups. This method demonstrates the potential of triazine-mediated C-O activation for preparing highly functionalized ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yunfang Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Huaming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yajun Jian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Ivančič A, Košmrlj J, Gazvoda M. Elucidating the reaction mechanism of a palladium-palladium dual catalytic process through kinetic studies of proposed elementary steps. Commun Chem 2023; 6:51. [PMID: 36934172 PMCID: PMC10024772 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the synergistic dual catalytic process, the kinetics of the catalytic cycles must be balanced for the successful outcome of the reaction. Therefore, the analysis of the kinetics of the independent catalytic cycles is essential for such reactions, as it enables their relational optimization as well as their design. Here we describe an analysis of the mechanism of a catalytic synergistic bimetallic reaction through the experimental study of a palladium-catalysed cross-coupling of aryl halides with terminal alkynes, an example of a monometallic dual catalytic process. The proposed mechanism of the investigated reaction was disassembled into two palladium catalytic cycles and further into elementary reactions, and each step was studied independently. The described mechanistic analysis allowed us to identify the rate-determining step of the catalytic process by comparing the rates of the elementary reactions under similar reaction conditions, balanced kinetics of the palladium catalytic cycles, and also in which step which reagent enters the catalytic cycle and how.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anže Ivančič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Gazvoda
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Qasem A, Zhang X, Xie Z, Zhang Q, Sun H, Gao Z, Yang J, Khan H, Zhang W, Hu B, Zhang G. Triazine-Augmented Catalytic Activity of Cyclobutadiene Tricarbonyl Fe(0) Complexes for Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq Qasem
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zunyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huma Khan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guofang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang K, Yang M, Yao Y, Yu B, Wang Y, Sun H, Zhang WQ, Zhang G, Gao Z. One-pot synthesis of benzo[b][1,4]diazepines via carbonylative Sonogashira reaction and aza-Michael addition cyclocondensation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06205k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The benzodiazepines are essential structural motifs commonly found in biologically active compounds and pharmaceutical agents. The general and step-economy methods for the direct synthesis of the benzodiazepines from simple and...
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