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Venrooij KR, de Bondt L, Bonger KM. Mutually Orthogonal Bioorthogonal Reactions: Selective Chemistries for Labeling Multiple Biomolecules Simultaneously. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:24. [PMID: 38971884 PMCID: PMC11227474 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal click chemistry has played a transformative role in many research fields, including chemistry, biology, and medicine. Click reactions are crucial to produce increasingly complex bioconjugates, to visualize and manipulate biomolecules in living systems and for various applications in bioengineering and drug delivery. As biological (model) systems grow more complex, researchers have an increasing need for using multiple orthogonal click reactions simultaneously. In this review, we will introduce the most common bioorthogonal reactions and discuss their orthogonal use on the basis of their mechanism and electronic or steric tuning. We provide an overview of strategies to create reaction orthogonality and show recent examples of mutual orthogonal chemistry used for simultaneous biomolecule labeling. We end by discussing some considerations for the type of chemistry needed for labeling biomolecules in a system of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Venrooij
- Chemical Biology Group, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucienne de Bondt
- Chemical Biology Group, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Chemical Biology Group, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Deng Y, Shen T, Yu X, Li J, Zou P, Gong Q, Zheng Y, Sun H, Liu X, Wu H. Tetrazine-Isonitrile Bioorthogonal Fluorogenic Reactions Enable Multiplex Labeling and Wash-Free Bioimaging of Live Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319853. [PMID: 38242857 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Developing fluorogenic probes for simultaneous live cell labeling of multiple targets is crucial for understanding complex cellular events. The emerging [4+1] cycloaddition between tetrazine and isonitriles holds promise as a bioorthogonal tool, yet existing tetrazine probes lack reactivity and fluorogenicity. Here, we present the development of a series of tetrazine-functionalized bioorthogonal probes. By incorporating pyrazole adducts into the fluorophore scaffolds, the post-reacted probes displayed remarkable fluorescence turn-on ratios, up to 3184-fold. Moreover, these modifications are generalizable to various fluorophores, enabling a broad emission range from 473 to 659 nm. Quantum chemical calculations further elucidate the turn-on mechanisms. These probes enable the simultaneous labeling of multiple targets in live cells, without the need for a washing step. Consequently, our findings pave the way for advanced multiplex imaging and detection techniques for cellular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiao Deng
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Huaxi Research Building, 001 4th Keyuan Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianruo Shen
- Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyu Yu
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Huaxi Research Building, 001 4th Keyuan Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Huaxi Research Building, 001 4th Keyuan Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Peixuan Zou
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Huaxi Research Building, 001 4th Keyuan Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongxiang Zheng
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongbao Sun
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Huaxi Research Building, 001 4th Keyuan Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haoxing Wu
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Huaxi Research Building, 001 4th Keyuan Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
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Min Q, Ji X. Bioorthogonal Bond Cleavage Chemistry for On-demand Prodrug Activation: Opportunities and Challenges. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16546-16567. [PMID: 38085596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Time- and space-resolved drug delivery is highly demanded for cancer treatment, which, however, can barely be achieved with a traditional prodrug strategy. In recent years, the prodrug strategy based on a bioorthogonal bond cleavage chemistry has emerged with the advantages of high temporospatial resolution over drug activation and homogeneous activation irrespective of individual heterogeneity. In the past five years, tremendous progress has been witnessed in this field with one such bioorthogonal prodrug entering Phase II clinical trials. This Perspective aims to highlight these new advances (2019-2023) and critically discuss their pros and cons. In addition, the remaining challenges and potential strategic directions for future progress will also be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiang Min
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xingyue Ji
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Zhao Z, Zong Q, Li J, Jiang M, Wang K, Yuan Y. Dual stimulus-triggered bioorthogonal nanosystem for spatiotemporally controlled prodrug activation and near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3878-3881. [PMID: 36916644 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00177f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we combined low pH and cathepsin B dual-stimulus-triggered delivery carriers with a bioorthogonal reaction-activated prodrug to achieve regulated activation of the prodrug. A workable method for precise tumor therapy and imaging is provided by the bioorthogonal reaction, which activates the prodrug and fluorescent probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Zhao
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qingyu Zong
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Maolin Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China
| | - Youyong Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China. .,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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Liu M, Wang Y, Yan Z, Yang J, Wu Y, Ding D, Ji X. Photoclick and Release: Co-activation of Carbon Monoxide and a Fluorescent Self-reporter, COS or Sulfonamide with Fast Kinetics. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200506. [PMID: 36450656 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal prodrugs with both fast reaction kinetics and multiple outputs are highly desirable but are only found sporadically. Herein, we report a novel photoclick-and-release strategy for the co-activation of carbon monoxide and a self-reporter, carbonyl sulfide, or sulfonamide with fast reaction kinetics (k: 1.4-22.6 M-1 s-1 ). Such a photoclick-and-release strategy was successfully applied in live cells to deliver carbon monoxide and a fluorescent self-reporter, both of which exhibited pronounced antiproliferative activity against 4T1 cancer cells. It is conceivable that this photoclick-and-release strategy could find applications in other fields, in which a controlled bond cleavage is preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, P. R. China
| | - Jiabin Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, P. R. China
| | - Yongyou Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, P. R. China
| | - Xingyue Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, P. R. China
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Xiong J, Xue EY, Wu Q, Lo PC, Ng DKP. A tetrazine-responsive isonitrile-caged photosensitiser for site-specific photodynamic therapy. J Control Release 2023; 353:663-674. [PMID: 36503072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a versatile and efficient bioorthogonal strategy to actualise targeted delivery and site-specific activation of photosensitisers for precise antitumoural photodynamic therapy. The strategy involved the use of an isonitrile-caged distyryl boron dipyrromethene-based photosensitiser, labelled as NC-DSBDP, of which the photoactivities could be specifically activated upon conversion of the meso ester substituent to carboxylate initiated by the [4 + 1] cycloaddition with a tetrazine derivative. By using two tetrazines conjugated with a galactose moiety or the GE11 peptide, labelled as gal-Tz and GE11-Tz, we could selectively label the cancer cells overexpressed with the asialoglycoprotein receptor and the epidermal growth factor receptor respectively. Upon encountering the internalised NC-DSBDP, these tetrazines triggered the "ester-to-carboxylate" transformation of this compound, activating its fluorescence and reactive oxygen species generation inside the target cells. The bioorthogonal activation was also demonstrated in vivo, leading to effective photo-eradication of the tumour in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Evelyn Y Xue
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Dennis K P Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
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Chen Z, Wang WT, Wang W, Huang J, Liao JY, Zeng S, Qian L. Sensitive Imaging of Cellular RNA via Cascaded Proximity-Induced Fluorogenic Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44054-44064. [PMID: 36153979 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its important biological functions, RNA has become a promising molecular biomarker of various diseases. With a dynamic change in its expression level and a relatively low amount within the complicated biological matrix, signal amplification detection based on DNA probes has been put forward, which is helpful for early diagnosis and prognostic prediction. However, conventional methods are confined to cell lysates or dead cells and are not only time-consuming in sample preparation but also inaccessible to the spatial-temporal information of target RNAs. To achieve live-cell imaging of specific RNAs, both the detection sensitivity and intracellular delivery issues should be addressed. Herein, a new cascaded fluorogenic system based on the combination of hybridization chain reactions (HCRs) and proximity-induced bioorthogonal chemistry is developed, in which a bioorthogonal reaction pair (a tetrazine-quenched dye and its complementary dienophile) is brought into spatial proximity upon target RNA triggering the HCR to turn on and amplify the fluorescence in one step, sensitively indicating the cellular distribution of RNA with minimal false positive results caused by unspecific degradation. Facilitated by a biodegradable carrier based on black phosphorus with high loading capacity and excellent biocompatibility, the resulting imaging platform allows wash-free tracking of target RNAs inside living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wen-Tao Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Liver Disease, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Linghui Qian
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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