1
|
Li XY, Zhou BX, Xiao YL, Liu X, Wang YQ, Li MM, Wang JP. Label-free and ultrasensitive detection of environmental lead ions based on spatially localized DNA nanomachines driven by hyperbranched hybridization chain reaction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135115. [PMID: 38976962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
A label-free fluorescent sensing strategy for the rapid and highly sensitive detection of Pb2+ was developed by integrating Pb2+ DNAzyme-specific cleavage activity and a tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN)-enhanced hyperbranched hybridization chain reaction (hHCR). This strategy provides accelerated reaction rates because of the highly effective collision probability and enriched local concentrations from the spatial confinement of the TDN, thus showing a higher detection sensitivity and a more rapid detection process. Moreover, a hairpin probe based on a G-triplex instead of a G-quadruplex or chemical modification makes hybridization chain reaction more controlled and flexible, greatly improving signal amplification capacities and eliminating labeled DNA probes. The enhanced reaction rates and improved signal amplification efficiency endowed the biosensors with high sensitivity and a rapid response. The label-free detection of Pb2+ based on G-triplex combined with thioflavin T can be achieved with a detection limit as low as 1.8 pM in 25 min. The proposed Pb2+-sensing platform was also demonstrated to be applicable for Pb2+ detection in tap water, river water, shrimp, rice, and soil samples, thus showing great potential for food safety and environmental monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Ministry of Education), College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Bo-Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Ministry of Education), College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yu-Ling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Ministry of Education), College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Ministry of Education), College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yong-Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Ministry of Education), College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ming-Min Li
- Life and Health Research Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Jun-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Ministry of Education), College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gong H, Yao S, Zhao X, Chen F, Chen C, Cai C. DNA nanosensor based on bipedal 3D DNA walker-driven proximal catalytic hairpin assembly for sensitive and fast TK1 mRNA detection. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:494. [PMID: 39073465 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Hyperproliferative diseases are the first step for tumor formation; thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) mRNA is closely related to cell proliferation. Therefore, the risk of malignant proliferation can be identified by sensitively detecting the variance in TK1 mRNA concentration, which can be used for tumor auxiliary diagnosis and monitoring tumor treatment. Owing to the low abundance and instability of TK1 mRNA in real samples, the development of a sensitive and fast mRNA detection method is necessary. A DNA nanosensor that can be used for detecting TK1 mRNA based on bipedal 3D DNA walker-driven proximal catalytic hairpin assembly (P-CHA) was developed. P-CHA hairpins were hybridized to a linker DNA strand coupled with magnetic nanoparticles to increase their local concentrations. The bipedal DNA walking on the surface of NPs accelerates reaction kinetics using the proximity effect. Taking advantage of the signal amplification of P-CHA as well as the rapid reaction rate of the DNA walker in 80 min, the proposed sensor detects TK1 mRNA with a low detection limit of 14 pM and may then be applied to clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shufen Yao
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojia Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqun Cai
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bai Y, Xu P, Li S, Wang D, Zhang K, Zheng D, Yue D, Zhang G, He S, Li Y, Zou H, Deng Y. Signal amplification strategy of DNA self-assembled biosensor and typical applications in pathogenic microorganism detection. Talanta 2024; 272:125759. [PMID: 38350248 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Biosensors have emerged as ideal analytical devices for various bio-applications owing to their low cost, convenience, and portability, which offer great potential for improving global healthcare. DNA self-assembly techniques have been enriched with the development of innovative amplification strategies, such as dispersion-to-localization of catalytic hairpin assembly, and dumbbell hybridization chain reaction, which hold great significance for building biosensors capable of realizing sensitive, rapid and multiplexed detection of pathogenic microorganisms. Here, focusing primarily on the signal amplification strategies based on DNA self-assembly, we concisely summarized the strengths and weaknesses of diverse isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques. Subsequently, both single-layer and cascade amplification strategies based on traditional catalytic hairpin assembly and hybridization chain reaction were critically explored. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in DNA self-assembled biosensors for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms is presented to summarize methods for biorecognition and signal amplification. Finally, a brief discussion is provided about the current challenges and future directions of DNA self-assembled biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Bai
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 610075, Chengdu, China
| | - Pingyao Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaijiong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongming Zheng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 610075, Chengdu, China
| | - Daifan Yue
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 610075, Chengdu, China
| | - Guiji Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuya He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 610075, Chengdu, China.
| | - Haimin Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yao Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li T, Sun M, Xia S, Huang T, Li RT, Li C, Dai Z, Chen JX, Chen J, Jia N. A binary system based DNA tetrahedron and fluorogenic RNA aptamers for highly specific and label-free mRNA imaging in living cells. Talanta 2024; 269:125465. [PMID: 38008022 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Developing simple, rapid and specific mRNA imaging strategy plays an important role in the early diagnosis of cancer and the new drugs development. Herein, we have established a novel binary system based DNA tetrahedron and fluorogenic RNA aptamers for highly specific and label-free mRNA imaging in living cells. This developed system consisted of tetrahedron probe A (TPA) and tetrahedron probe B (TPB). TK1 mRNA was chosen as the study model. After TPA and TPB enter into the live cells, the TK1 mRNA induces TPA and TPB to approach and activate the fluorescent aptamer, resulting in enhanced fluorescent signal in the presence of small molecules of DFHBI-1T. By this design, the high specificity label-free detection of nucleic acids was achieved with a detection limit of 1.34 nM. Confocal fluorescence imaging experiments had proved that this strategy could effectively distinguish the TK1 mRNA expression level between normal cell and cancer cell. The developed method is expected to provide a new tool for early diagnosis of diseases and new drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Mengxu Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Suping Xia
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Ting Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Rong-Tian Li
- Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Chunrong Li
- Qiannan Medical College for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000, PR China
| | - Zong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China
| | - Jin-Xiang Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
| | - Jun Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Nuan Jia
- Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yan H, Yang S, Liu M, Bao K, Ren W, Lin F, Gao Y, Wang Z, Liu S, Lv J, Zhao Y. Aptamer-functionalized two-photon SiO 2@GQDs hybrid-based signal amplification strategy for targeted cancer imaging. Analyst 2023; 148:5124-5132. [PMID: 37681669 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01393f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Targeted imaging is playing an increasingly important role in the early detection and precise diagnosis of cancer. This need has motivated research into sensory nanomaterials that can be constructed into imaging agents to serve as biosensors. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as a valuable nanoprobe show great potential for use in two-photon biological imaging. However, most as-prepared GQDs exhibit a low two-photon absorption cross-section, narrow spectral coverage, and "one-to-one" signal conversion mode, which greatly hamper their wide application in sensitive early-stage cancer detection. Herein, a versatile strategy has been employed to fabricate an aptamer Sgc8c-functionalized hybrid as a proof-of-concept of the signal amplification strategy for targeted cancer imaging. In this study, GQDs with two-photon imaging performance, and silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) as nanocarriers to provide amplified recognition events by high loading of GQD signal tags, were adopted to construct a two-photon hybrid-based signal amplification strategy. Thus, the obtained hybrid (denoted SiO2@GQDs) enabled extremely strong fluorescence with a quantum yield up to 0.49, excellent photostability and biocompatibility, and enhanced bright two-photon fluorescence up to 2.7 times that of bare GQDs (excitation at 760 nm; emission at 512 nm). Moreover, further modification with aptamer Sgc8c showed little disruption to the structure of the SiO2@GQDs-hybrid and the corresponding two-photon emission. Hence, SiO2@GQDs-Sgc8c showed specific responses to target cells. Moreover, it could be used as a signal-amplifying two-photon nanoprobe for targeted cancer imaging with high specificity and great efficiency, which exhibits a distinct green fluorescence compared to that of GQDs-Sgc8c or SiO2@GQDs. This signal amplification strategy holds great potential for the accurate early diagnosis of tumors and offers new tools for the detection a wide variety of analytes in clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Mengxue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Ke Bao
- School of Medical Engineering, Engineering Technology Research Center of Neuroscience and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Intelligent Rehabilitation Equipment, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Wu Ren
- School of Medical Engineering, Engineering Technology Research Center of Neuroscience and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Intelligent Rehabilitation Equipment, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Fei Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiao Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenghui Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P. R. China
| | - Shuanghui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang First People's Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P. R. China
| | - Jieli Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China.
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fan M, Huang H, Xu Y, Wang S, Chen S, Luo Z, Xu J. mRNA-activated DNAzyme nanoprobe for tumor cell precise imaging and gene therapy. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4114-4118. [PMID: 37555320 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00937h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel Au-nucleic acid nanoprobe, catalyzed by mRNA, has been developed for live cell imaging and precise treatment of tumor cells. This nanoprobe exhibits the remarkable ability to differentiate between tumor cells and normal cells through live cell mRNA imaging, while selectively inducing apoptosis in tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Fan
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China.
| | | | - Yang Xu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China.
| | - Shulong Wang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China.
| | - Shengyu Chen
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China.
| | - Zhihui Luo
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China.
| | - Jiayao Xu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao NN, Liu WJ, Tian X, Zhang B, Zhang CY. Target-activated cascade transcription amplification lights up RNA aptamers for label-free detection of metalloproteinase-2 activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1058-1061. [PMID: 36606583 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06784f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that target-activated cascade transcription amplification lights up RNA aptamers for label-free detection of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity with zero background. This assay exhibits good specificity and high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 fM. Moreover, it can analyze enzyme kinetic parameters, screen inhibitors, and accurately quantify MMP-2 in cancer cells and clinical serums.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xiaorui Tian
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Baogang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shi G, Yan C, Chen J. Ultrasensitive Aptasensor for Microcystin-LR Detection in Food Samples Based on Target-Activated Assembly of Y-Shaped Hairpin Probes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:16446-16452. [PMID: 36524375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of algal toxin, microcystin-LR (MC-LR) causes a tremendous treat to food safety and the detection of trace levels of MC-LR is highly desirable. Herein, we developed an ultrasensitive aptasensor for MC-LR detection based on target-activated assembly of Y-shaped hairpins. The aptamer-target recognition initiates the assembly step between two Y-shaped hairpin probes through toehold-mediated DNA replacement. One of the hairpins was modified with FAM and BHQ. Through cyclic assembly reactions, a high fluorescence signal can be observed in the product. The detection limit is 0.2 pM for MC-LR detection. In addition, the biosensor is robust and has been successfully explored to assess the MC-LR concentrations in real fish and water samples with satisfactory recovery rates and good accuracy. The signal amplification can be gained through the cyclic Y-shaped hairpin assembly, which offers a simple, ultrasensitive, and reliable method for MC-LR monitoring in food samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gu Shi
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Chong Yan
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Junhua Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| |
Collapse
|