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Xie H, Xiao Z, Song Y, Jin K, Liu H, Zhou E, Cao J, Chen J, Ding J, Yi C, Shen X, Zuo C, Ding L. Tethered Helical Ladder-Type Aromatic Lactams. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11978-11990. [PMID: 38626322 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Tethered nonplanar aromatics (TNAs) make up an important class of nonplanar aromatic compounds showing unique features. However, the knowledge on the synthesis, structures, and properties of TNAs remains insufficient. In this work, a new type of TNAs, the tethered aromatic lactams, is synthesized via Pd-catalyzed consecutive intramolecular direct arylations. These molecules possess a helical ladder-type conjugated system of up to 13 fused rings. The overall yields ranged from 3.4 to 4.3%. The largest of the tethered aromatic lactams, 6L-Bu-C14, demonstrates a guest-adaptive hosting capability of TNAs for the first time. When binding fullerene guests, the cavity of 6L-Bu-C14 became more circular to better accommodate spherical fullerene molecules. The host-guest interaction is thoroughly studied by X-ray crystallography, theoretical calculations, fluorescence titration, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titration experiments. 6L-Bu-C14 shows stronger binding with C70 than with C60 due to the better convex-concave π-π interaction. P and M enantiomers of all tethered aromatic lactams show distinct and persistent chiroptical properties and demonstrate the potential of chiral TNAs as circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Xie
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zuo Xiao
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yixiao Song
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxing Liu
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiangzhao Chen
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Junqiao Ding
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chenyi Yi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xingxing Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Chuantian Zuo
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Sadowski B, Gryko DT. Dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione - (still) a mysterious cross-conjugated chromophore. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14020-14038. [PMID: 38098709 PMCID: PMC10718078 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones (DPNDs) entered the chemical world in 2016. This cross-conjugated donor-acceptor skeleton can be prepared in two steps from commercially available reagents in overall yield ≈15-20% (5 mmol scale). DPNDs can be easily and regioselectively halogenated which opens an avenue to numerous derivatives as well as to π-expansion. Although certain synthetic limitations exist, the current derivatization possibilities provided impetus for numerous explorations that use DPNDs. Structural modifications enable bathochromic shift of the emission to deep-red region and reaching the optical brightness 30 000 M-1 cm-1. Intense absorption and strong emission of greenish-yellow light attracted the interest which eventually led to the discovery of their strong two-photon absorption, singlet fission in the crystalline phase and triplet sensitization. Dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione-based twistacenes broadened our knowledge on the influence of twisting angle on the fate of the molecule in the excited state. Collectively, these findings highlight the compatibility of DPNDs with various applications within organic optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw S. Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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Jiang L, Peng Z, Liang Y, Tang ZB, Liang K, Liu J, Liu Z. Strain-Driven Formal [1,3]-Aryl Shift within Molecular Bows. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312238. [PMID: 37656430 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Delving into the influence of strain on organic reactions in small molecules at the molecular level can unveil valuable insight into developing innovative synthetic strategies and structuring molecules with superior properties. Herein, we present a molecular-strain engineering approach to facilitate the consecutive [1,2]-aryl shift (formal [1,3]-aryl shift) in molecular bows (MBs) that integrate 1,4-dimethoxy-2,5-cyclohexadiene moieties. By introducing ring strain into MBs through tethering the bow limb, we can harness the intrinsic mechanical forces to drive multistep aryl shifts from the para- to the meta- to the ortho-position. Through the use of precise intramolecular strain, the seemingly impractical [1,3]-aryl shift was realized, resulting in the formation of ortho-disubstituted products. The solvent and temperature play a crucial role in the occurrence of the [1,3]-aryl shift. The free energy calculations with inclusion of solvation support a feasible mechanism, which entails multistep carbocation rearrangements, for the formal [1,3]-aryl shift. By exploring the application of molecular strain in synthetic chemistry, this research offers a promising direction for developing new tools and strategies towards precision organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Yimin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Zheng-Bin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Kejiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
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