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Wu C, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Xu H, He X, Wu X, Chou S. Hard carbon for sodium-ion batteries: progress, strategies and future perspective. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6244-6268. [PMID: 38699270 PMCID: PMC11062112 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00734d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of its abundant resources, low cost and high reversible specific capacity, hard carbon (HC) is considered as the most likely commercial anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Therefore, reasonable design and effective strategies to regulate the structure of HCs play a crucial role in promoting the development of SIBs. Herein, the progress in the preparation approaches for HC anode materials is systematically overviewed, with a special focus on the comparison between traditional fabrication methods and advanced strategies emerged in recent years in terms of their influence on performance, including preparation efficiency, initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), specific capacity and rate capability. Furthermore, the advanced strategies are categorized into two groups: those exhibiting potential for large-scale production to replace traditional methods and those presenting guidelines for achieving high-performance HC anodes from top-level design. Finally, challenges and future development prospects to achieve high-performance HC anodes are also proposed. We believe that this review will provide beneficial guidance to actualize the truly rational design of advanced HC anodes, facilitating the industrialization of SIBs and assisting in formulating design rules for developing high-end advanced electrode materials for energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Yunrui Yang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Yinghao Zhang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Xiangxi He
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Xingqiao Wu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Shulei Chou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
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Lu Z, Yang H, Guo Y, Lin H, Shan P, Wu S, He P, Yang Y, Yang QH, Zhou H. Consummating ion desolvation in hard carbon anodes for reversible sodium storage. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3497. [PMID: 38664385 PMCID: PMC11045730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47522-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hard carbons are emerging as the most viable anodes to support the commercialization of sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries due to their competitive performance. However, the hard carbon anode suffers from low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), and the ambiguous Na-ion (Na+) storage mechanism and interfacial chemistry fail to give a reasonable interpretation. Here, we have identified the time-dependent ion pre-desolvation on the nanopore of hard carbons, which significantly affects the Na+ storage efficiency by altering the solvation structure of electrolytes. Consummating the pre-desolvation by extending the aging time, generates a highly aggregated electrolyte configuration inside the nanopore, resulting in negligible reductive decomposition of electrolytes. When applying the above insights, the hard carbon anodes achieve a high average ICE of 98.21% in the absence of any Na supplementation techniques. Therefore, the negative-to-positive capacity ratio can be reduced to 1.02 for full cells, which enables an improved energy density. The insight into hard carbons and related interphases may be extended to other battery systems and support the continued development of battery technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Lu
- Graduate School of System and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Huijun Yang
- Graduate School of System and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yong Guo
- Nanoyang Group, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Hongxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Peizhao Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Shichao Wu
- Nanoyang Group, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Ping He
- Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Micro-structures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Micro-structures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Hong Yang
- Nanoyang Group, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China.
| | - Haoshen Zhou
- Graduate School of System and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
- Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Micro-structures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Micro-structures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China.
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Zhu Y, Fang Z, Zhang Z, Wu H. Discontinuous phase diagram of amorphous carbons. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae051. [PMID: 38504723 PMCID: PMC10950053 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The short-range order and medium-range order of amorphous carbons demonstrated in experiments allow us to rethink whether there exist intrinsic properties hidden by atomic disordering. Here we presented six representative phases of amorphous carbons (0.1-3.4 g/cm3), namely, disordered graphene network (DGN), high-density amorphous carbon (HDAC), amorphous diaphite (a-DG), amorphous diamond (a-D), paracrystalline diamond (p-D), and nano-polycrystalline diamond (NPD), respectively, classified by their topological features and microstructural characterizations that are comparable with experiments. To achieve a comprehensive physical landscape for amorphous carbons, a phase diagram was plotted in the sp3/sp2 versus density plane, in which the counterintuitive discontinuity originates from the inherent difference in topological microstructures, further guiding us to discover a variety of phase transitions among different amorphous carbons. Intriguingly, the power law, log(sp3/sp2) ∝ ρn, hints at intrinsic topology and hidden order in amorphous carbons, providing an insightful perspective to reacquaint atomic disorder in non-crystalline carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- YinBo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - ZhouYu Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - ZhongTing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - HengAn Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Zhu M, Zhou J, He Z, Zhang Y, Wu H, Chen J, Zhu Y, Hou Y, Wu H, Lu Y. Ductile amorphous boron nitride microribbons. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4914-4921. [PMID: 37603385 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00845b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The broad applications of ceramic materials in functional devices are often limited by their intrinsic brittleness. Amorphous boron nitride (a-BN), as a promising ceramic has shown high thermal stability and excellent dielectric properties that can be applied to microfabricated aerogel and nano dielectric layers, while its mechanical properties at small scales are yet to be studied. Here we report synthesized a-BN microribbons can have a uniform elongation at a breaking strain of more than 50% upon tension, exhibiting outstanding ductility. Such a-BN microribbons with lengths ranging from tens to hundreds of micro-meters were prepared via the small molecule precursors sol-gel method. Through in situ uniaxial tensile measurements, we demonstrated that a-BN microribbons also display a surprising flaw-tolerance behaviour. Combining high-resolution atomic characterization with molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal that the large tensile plasticity of a-BN originates from the topological deformation induced multiple energy-dissipation mechanisms including unfolding and reorientation of local curly h-BN layers and their interlayer debonding, slippage as well as the intralayer tearing. Our findings provide new insights to develop ductile amorphous covalent-bonded materials for emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jingzhuo Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zezhou He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Juzheng Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yinbo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yuan Hou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hengan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Pawelski D, Plonska-Brzezinska ME. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis as a Promising Tool for the Preparation of Materials Containing Defective Carbon Nanostructures: Implications on Properties and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6549. [PMID: 37834689 PMCID: PMC10573823 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on a small section of the literature that deals with the materials containing pristine defective carbon nanostructures (CNs) and those incorporated into the larger systems containing carbon atoms, heteroatoms, and inorganic components.. Briefly, we discuss only those topics that focus on structural defects related to introducing perturbation into the surface topology of the ideal lattice structure. The disorder in the crystal structure may vary in character, size, and location, which significantly modifies the physical and chemical properties of CNs or their hybrid combination. We focus mainly on the method using microwave (MW) irradiation, which is a powerful tool for synthesizing and modifying carbon-based solid materials due to its simplicity, the possibility of conducting the reaction in solvents and solid phases, and the presence of components of different chemical natures. Herein, we will emphasize the advantages of synthesis using MW-assisted heating and indicate the influence of the structure of the obtained materials on their physical and chemical properties. It is the first review paper that comprehensively summarizes research in the context of using MW-assisted heating to modify the structure of CNs, paying attention to its remarkable universality and simplicity. In the final part, we emphasize the role of MW-assisted heating in creating defects in CNs and the implications in designing their properties and applications. The presented review is a valuable source summarizing the achievements of scientists in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta E. Plonska-Brzezinska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
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He XX, Lai WH, Liang Y, Zhao JH, Yang Z, Peng J, Liu XH, Wang YX, Qiao Y, Li L, Wu X, Chou SL. Achieving All-Plateau and High-Capacity Sodium Insertion in Topological Graphitized Carbon. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302613. [PMID: 37390487 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Hard carbon anodes with all-plateau capacities below 0.1 V are prerequisites to achieve high-energy-density sodium-ion storage, which holds promise for future sustainable energy technologies. However, challenges in removing defects and improving the insertion of sodium ions head off the development of hard carbon to achieve this goal. Herein, a highly cross-linked topological graphitized carbon using biomass corn cobs through a two-step rapid thermal-annealing strategy is reported. The topological graphitized carbon constructed with long-range graphene nanoribbons and cavities/tunnels provides a multidirectional insertion of sodium ions whilst eliminating defects to absorb sodium ions at the high voltage region. Evidence from advanced techniques including in situ XRD, in situ Raman, and in situ/ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicates that the sodium ions' insertion and Na cluster formation occurred between curved topological graphite layers and in the topological cavity of adjacent graphite band entanglements. The reported topological insertion mechanism enables outstanding battery performance with a single full low-voltage plateau capacity of 290 mAh g-1 , which is almost 97% of the total capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Xi He
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wei-Hong Lai
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Yaru Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Hua Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Jian Peng
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Xiao-Hao Liu
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Yun Qiao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xingqiao Wu
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shu-Lei Chou
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
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7
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Qi P, Zhu H, Borodich F, Peng Q. A Review of the Mechanical Properties of Graphene Aerogel Materials: Experimental Measurements and Computer Simulations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1800. [PMID: 36902915 PMCID: PMC10004370 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene aerogels (GAs) combine the unique properties of two-dimensional graphene with the structural characteristics of microscale porous materials, exhibiting ultralight, ultra-strength, and ultra-tough properties. GAs are a type of promising carbon-based metamaterials suitable for harsh environments in aerospace, military, and energy-related fields. However, there are still some challenges in the application of graphene aerogel (GA) materials, which requires an in-depth understanding of the mechanical properties of GAs and the associated enhancement mechanisms. This review first presents experimental research works related to the mechanical properties of GAs in recent years and identifies the key parameters that dominate the mechanical properties of GAs in different situations. Then, simulation works on the mechanical properties of GAs are reviewed, the deformation mechanisms are discussed, and the advantages and limitations are summarized. Finally, an outlook on the potential directions and main challenges is provided for future studies in the mechanical properties of GA materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Qi
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Hanxing Zhu
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Feodor Borodich
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Acharjee S, Dutta N, Devi R, Boruah A. Nonlinear oscillations, chaotic dynamics, and stability analysis of bilayer graphene-like structures. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2023; 33:013136. [PMID: 36725664 DOI: 10.1063/5.0125665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have investigated the nonlinear oscillations and chaotic dynamics of perturbed bilayer graphene-like structures. The potential energy surface (PES) of bilayer graphene-like geometries is obtained by considering interactions of a co-aligned and counter-aligned arrangement of atoms. We studied the dynamics using the Poincaré surface of section for co-aligned hydrofluorinated graphene (HFG) and counter-aligned hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and generalized it for other systems using various choices of interaction parameters. The nature of the oscillations is understood via power spectra and the Lyapunov exponents. We found that the PES is very sensitive to the perturbation for all bilayer graphene-like systems. It is seen that the bilayer HFG system displays chaotic oscillations for strong perturbation, while for the h-BN system, the signature of chaos is found for weak perturbation. We have also generalized the work for perturbed bilayer graphene-like geometries, considering different interlayer interactions and the strength of perturbation. We found a signature of transition from regular to quasiperiodic and finally chaotic oscillations tuned via the strength of the perturbation for these geometries. The nature of the equilibrium points for bilayer graphene-like systems is analyzed via Jacobian stability conditions. We found three stable nodes for co-aligned HFG and counter-aligned h-BN systems for all interaction strengths. Though all other nodes are unstable saddle nodes, the signature of a local bifurcation is also found for weak perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Acharjee
- Department of Physics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Nimisha Dutta
- Department of Physics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Reeta Devi
- Department of Physics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Arindam Boruah
- Department of Physics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
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Zhu Y, Wang Y, Wu B, He Z, Xia J, Wu H. Micromechanical Landscape of Three-Dimensional Disordered Graphene Networks. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8401-8408. [PMID: 34591476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Disordered carbons can be considered under the modeling framework of disordered graphene networks (DGNs) due to the continuous three-dimensional connectivity and high graphitization. Correlating microstructures and mechanical behaviors of DGNs to their topology is pivotal to revealing more intrinsic features hidden by disorder. Herein, starting from basic deformations and topology, we investigate DGNs with various densities to explore their micromechanical landscape. Both the tension and shear of DGNs exhibit prolonged plastic platforms through local tearing of microstructures. However, compression displays special plastic damages of forming kinklike puckers and sp3-bonded carbon, resulting in a tension-compression asymmetry of DGNs. Out-of-plane topological defects contribute to the main negative-curvature topology in deformed DGNs. Moreover, there are novel scaling laws where both the Young's modulus and strength (logarithms) follow an inversely proportional scaling with respect to average angular defects. Ashby charts demonstrate that the mechanical properties of DGNs can reach the theoretical limit region, surpassing those of most conventional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- YinBo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - YongChao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - ZeZhou He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - HengAn Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, People's Republic of China
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