1
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Kölbel J, Ruggiero MT, Keren S, Benshalom N, Yaffe O, Zeitler JA, Mittleman DM. Is Ortho-Terphenyl a Rigid Glass Former? J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7020-7027. [PMID: 38949623 PMCID: PMC11247491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Ortho-terphenyl (OTP) has long been used as a model system to study the glass transition due to its apparent simplicity and a widespread assumption that it is a rigid molecule. Here, we employ terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and low-frequency Raman spectroscopy to investigate the rigidity of OTP by direct observation of the low-frequency vibrational dynamics. These terahertz phonons involve complex large-amplitude atomic motions where intramolecular and intermolecular displacements are often mixed. Comparison of experimental results with density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations shows that the assumption of rigidity neglects important implications for the glass transition and must be revisited. These results highlight the significance of terahertz modes on elasticity, which will be even more critical in more complex systems such as biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kölbel
- School
of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Michael T. Ruggiero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14627, United
States
| | - Shachar Keren
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nimrod Benshalom
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Daniel M. Mittleman
- School
of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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2
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Bancroft KD, Ajibade SA, Kölbel J, Ruggiero MT, Mittleman DM. Terahertz Signatures of the Methane Replacement Reaction in Hydroquinone Clathrates. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6092-6098. [PMID: 38820527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
We report a comprehensive experimental and computational study into low-frequency vibrational dynamics of hydroquinone clathrate during in situ gas loading, in order to monitor replacement of carbon dioxide with methane in its atomic-level pores. We used terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, because terahertz modes are highly sensitive to the identity and structure of enclathrated guest molecules. Through ab initio simulations, we determined that the replacement reaction is not completed. Instead we observed the formation of a heterogeneous material, with methane molecules occupying approximately one-third of available adsorption sites. While the structure of the methane-hydroquinone clathrate system has been previously determined, our observations suggest the reported symmetry is incorrect due to methane molecules weakly interacting with the framework, resulting in dynamic (as opposed to positional) disorder of guests, unlike the related fully ordered carbon dioxide clathrate. This work puts us on the path to quantitatively tracking gas loading in porous materials using terahertz spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine D Bancroft
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Saheed A Ajibade
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Johanna Kölbel
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Michael T Ruggiero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627 United States
| | - Daniel M Mittleman
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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3
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Duan Y, Liu Q, Wang M, Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Duan X, Deng H, Shang L. Insights into temperature-induced phase transition mechanism of CL-20 using terahertz spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 307:123640. [PMID: 37995650 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the phase transition mechanism of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) is crucial for ensuring its safe applications. In this study, we observed the temperature-induced phase transition of CL-20 using terahertz spectroscopy. Subsequently, quantum chemical calculations were employed to assign the vibrations to experimental absorptions. Finally, the variations of intra- and intermolecular vibrations before and after phase transition were analyzed. The results indicated hydrogen bonds formed by the rotation of 5-nitro promoted hydrogen transfer, resulting in the decrease in thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Duan
- School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Quancheng Liu
- School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.
| | - Minchang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine&Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiju Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine&Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
| | - Xiaohui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Hu Deng
- School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China; Tianfu Institute of Research and Innovation, Southwest University of Science and Technology, ChengDu, China
| | - Liping Shang
- School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.
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4
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Banks PA, Kleist EM, Ruggiero MT. Investigating the function and design of molecular materials through terahertz vibrational spectroscopy. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:480-495. [PMID: 37414981 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00487-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz spectroscopy has proved to be an essential tool for the study of condensed phase materials. Terahertz spectroscopy probes the low-frequency vibrational dynamics of atoms and molecules, usually in the condensed phase. These nuclear dynamics, which typically involve displacements of entire molecules, have been linked to bulk phenomena ranging from phase transformations to semiconducting efficiency. The terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum has historically been referred to as the 'terahertz gap', but this is a misnomer, as there exist a multitude of methods for accessing terahertz frequencies, and now there are cost-effective instruments that have made terahertz studies much more user-friendly. This Review highlights some of the most exciting applications of terahertz vibrational spectroscopy so far, and provides an in-depth overview of the methods of this technique and its utility to the study of the chemical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Banks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Elyse M Kleist
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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5
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Quancheng L, Hu D, Hongzhen L, Minchang W, Qi Z, Ying K, Liping S. Terahertz spectral identification and low-frequency vibrational analysis of dinitrotoluene isomers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 283:121722. [PMID: 35952591 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Identifying dinitrotoluene (DNT) isomers has always been a challenging problem. In this study, five DNT isomers were investigated using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), which demonstrated significant spectral differences including variations in absorption positions and intensities. This suggests that THz-TDS is ideal for rapid identification of DNT isomers. We also employed density functional theory to further discuss the origin of these spectral differences. The results indicate that steric effects between substitute groups, rather than inter-molecular hydrogen bonding, lead to differences in low-frequency vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Quancheng
- School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.
| | - Deng Hu
- School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Li Hongzhen
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
| | - Wang Minchang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine&Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhang Qi
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
| | - Kang Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine&Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Shang Liping
- School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
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6
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Kraka E, Quintano M, La Force HW, Antonio JJ, Freindorf M. The Local Vibrational Mode Theory and Its Place in the Vibrational Spectroscopy Arena. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8781-8798. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elfi Kraka
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, Texas75275-0314, United States
| | - Mateus Quintano
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, Texas75275-0314, United States
| | - Hunter W. La Force
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, Texas75275-0314, United States
| | - Juliana J. Antonio
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, Texas75275-0314, United States
| | - Marek Freindorf
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, Texas75275-0314, United States
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7
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Vener MV, Kharlanov OG, Sosorev AY. High-Mobility Naphthalene Diimide Derivatives Revealed by Raman-Based In Silico Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13305. [PMID: 36362092 PMCID: PMC9653651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge transport in crystalline organic semiconductors (OSCs) is considerably hindered by low-frequency vibrations introducing dynamic disorder in the charge transfer integrals. Recently, we have shown that the contributions of various vibrational modes to the dynamic disorder correlate with their Raman intensities and suggested a Raman-based approach for estimation of the dynamic disorder and search for potentially high-mobility OSCs. In the present paper, we showcase this approach by revealing the highest-mobility OSC(s) in two series of crystalline naphthalene diimide derivatives bearing alkyl or cycloalkyl substituents. In contrast to our previous studies, Raman spectra are not measured, but are instead calculated using periodic DFT. As a result, an OSC with a potentially high charge mobility is revealed in each of the two series, and further mobility calculations corroborate this choice. Namely, for the naphthalene diimide derivatives with butyl and cyclopentyl substituents, the estimated room-temperature isotropic electron mobilities are as high as 6 and 15 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively, in the latter case even exceeding 20 cm2 V-1 s-1 in a two-dimensional plane. Thus, our results highlight the potential of using the calculated Raman spectra to search for high-mobility crystalline OSCs and reveal two promising OSCs, which were previously overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Vener
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prosp. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg G. Kharlanov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/2, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey Yu. Sosorev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/2, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
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8
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Fast Quantum Approach for Evaluating the Energy of Non-Covalent Interactions in Molecular Crystals: The Case Study of Intermolecular H-Bonds in Crystalline Peroxosolvates. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134082. [PMID: 35807323 PMCID: PMC9268483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy/enthalpy of intermolecular hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) in crystals have been calculated in many papers. Most of the theoretical works used non-periodic models. Their applicability for describing intermolecular H-bonds in solids is not obvious since the crystal environment can strongly change H-bond geometry and energy in comparison with non-periodic models. Periodic DFT computations provide a reasonable description of a number of relevant properties of molecular crystals. However, these methods are quite cumbersome and time-consuming compared to non-periodic calculations. Here, we present a fast quantum approach for estimating the energy/enthalpy of intermolecular H-bonds in crystals. It has been tested on a family of crystalline peroxosolvates in which the H∙∙∙O bond set fills evenly (i.e., without significant gaps) the range of H∙∙∙O distances from ~1.5 to ~2.1 Å typical for strong, moderate, and weak H-bonds. Four of these two-component crystals (peroxosolvates of macrocyclic ethers and creatine) were obtained and structurally characterized for the first time. A critical comparison of the approaches for estimating the energy of intermolecular H-bonds in organic crystals is carried out, and various sources of errors are clarified.
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9
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Kumar K, Stefanczyk O, Nakabayashi K, Mineo Y, Ohkoshi SI. Development of Nd (III)-Based Terahertz Absorbers Revealing Temperature Dependent Near-Infrared Luminescence. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116051. [PMID: 35682730 PMCID: PMC9181137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular vibrations in the solid-state, detectable in the terahertz (THz) region, are the subject of research to further develop THz technologies. To observe such vibrations in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and low-frequency (LF) Raman spectroscopy, two supramolecular assemblies with the formula [NdIII (phen)3 (NCX)3] 0.3EtOH (X = S, 1-S; Se, 1-Se) were designed and prepared. Both compounds show several THz-TDS and LF-Raman peaks in the sub-THz range, with the lowest frequencies of 0.65 and 0.59 THz for 1-S and 1-Se, and 0.75 and 0.61 THz for 1-S and 1-Se, respectively. The peak redshift was observed due to the substitution of SCN− by SeCN−. Additionally, temperature-dependent TDS-THz studies showed a thermal blueshift phenomenon, as the peak position shifted to 0.68 THz for 1-S and 0.62 THz for 1-Se at 10 K. Based on ab initio calculations, sub-THz vibrations were ascribed to the swaying of the three thiocyanate/selenocyanate. Moreover, both samples exhibited near-infrared (NIR) emission from Nd (III), and very good thermometric properties in the 300–150 K range, comparable to neodymium (III) oxide-based thermometers and higher than previously reported complexes. Moreover, the temperature dependence of fluorescence and THz spectroscopy analysis showed that the reduction in anharmonic thermal vibrations leads to a significant increase in the intensity and a reduction in the width of the emission and LF absorption peaks. These studies provide the basis for developing new routes to adjust the LF vibrational absorption.
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10
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Rogers FJM, Radhanpura K, Horvat J, Farrant D. On the use of a volume constraint to account for thermal expansion effects on the low-frequency vibrations of molecular crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10408-10419. [PMID: 35441620 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A volume-constraint method is presented as a means to capture the influence of thermal expansion on the low-frequency vibrations in molecular crystals. In particular, the room-temperature terahertz absorption spectra of L-tartaric acid, α-lactose monohydrate, and α-para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) have been simulated using dispersion-corrected, solid-state density functional theory (DFT-D). By comparing the normal modes obtained with a unit cell optimised without constraints to those obtained with a unit cell optimised while constrained to keep its experimental volume, wholesale improvements to the resultant spectrum is achieved when using the constrained geometry by inhibiting cell contraction. These improvements are demonstrated over a range of popular density functionals and basis sets up to triple-zeta complexity. A correlation method is then presented as a means to quantitatively compare the vibrational pattern of normal modes obtained from both unit cells. This analysis reveals that thermal expansion can effect the character and relative frequency of normal modes, with the choice of geometry ultimately affecting the assignment of the experimental absorptions. The sensibility of using the experimental volume as an approximation is then discussed, where it is speculated that large basis sets or hybrid functionals are necessary to ensure that the thermal expansion effect is not overestimated. The low-frequency absorption spectrum of PABA is then fully characterised using the PBE-D3BJ/6-311G(2d,2p) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus J M Rogers
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Krunal Radhanpura
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia
| | - Joseph Horvat
- School of Physics and Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - David Farrant
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia
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11
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Buldashov IA, Medvedev AG, Mikhaylov AA, Churakov AV, Lev O, Prikhodchenko PV. Non-covalent interactions of the hydroperoxo group in crystalline adducts of organic hydroperoxides and their potassium salts. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce01017h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
X-ray diffraction of three new stable cocrystals of potassium salts of organic hydroperoxides with molecular hydroperoxides reveals strong charge-assisted ROO−⋯HOOR H-bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Buldashov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prosp. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Miasnitskaya Str. 20, Moscow 101000, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Medvedev
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prosp. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Mikhaylov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prosp. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prosp. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ovadia Lev
- The Casali Center, The Institute of Chemistry, and The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Petr V. Prikhodchenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prosp. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
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