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Zahra T, Javeria U, Jamal H, Baig MM, Akhtar F, Kamran U. A review of biocompatible polymer-functionalized two-dimensional materials: Emerging contenders for biosensors and bioelectronics applications. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1316:342880. [PMID: 38969417 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectronics, a field pivotal in monitoring and stimulating biological processes, demands innovative nanomaterials as detection platforms. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, with their thin structures and exceptional physicochemical properties, have emerged as critical substances in this research. However, these materials face challenges in biomedical applications due to issues related to their biological compatibility, adaptability, functionality, and nano-bio surface characteristics. This review examines surface modifications using covalent and non-covalent-based polymer-functionalization strategies to overcome these limitations by enhancing the biological compatibility, adaptability, and functionality of 2D nanomaterials. These surface modifications aim to create stable and long-lasting therapeutic effects, significantly paving the way for the practical application of polymer-functionalized 2D materials in biosensors and bioelectronics. The review paper critically summarizes the surface functionalization of 2D nanomaterials with biocompatible polymers, including g-C3N4, graphene family, MXene, BP, MOF, and TMDCs, highlighting their current state, physicochemical structures, synthesis methods, material characteristics, and applications in biosensors and bioelectronics. The paper concludes with a discussion of prospects, challenges, and numerous opportunities in the evolving field of bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahreem Zahra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, 51600, Pakistan
| | - Umme Javeria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, 51600, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Jamal
- Division of Energy Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, 333, Techno Jungang-Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirza Mahmood Baig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, 51600, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Farid Akhtar
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Urooj Kamran
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden; Institute of Advanced Machinery Design Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Navarro-Rodriguez M, Somoza AM, Palacios-Lidon E. Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:767-780. [PMID: 38979526 PMCID: PMC11228822 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
An often observed artifact in atomic force microscopy investigations of individual monolayer flakes of 2D materials is the inaccurate height derived from topography images, often attributed to capillary or electrostatic forces. Here, we show the existence of a Joule dissipative mechanism related to charge dynamics and supplementing the dissipation due to capillary forces. This particular mechanism arises from the surface conductivity and assumes significance specially in the context of 2D materials on insulating supports. In such scenarios, the oscillating tip induces in-plane charge currents that in many circumstances constitute the main dissipative contribution to amplitude reduction and, consequently, affect the measured height. To investigate this phenomenon, we conduct measurements on monolayer flakes of co-deposited graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Subsequently, we introduce a general model that elucidates our observations. This approach offers valuable insights into the dynamics of surface charges and their intricate interaction with the tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Navarro-Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica (CIOyN), Department of Physics, University of Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Andres M Somoza
- Centro de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica (CIOyN), Department of Physics, University of Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Elisa Palacios-Lidon
- Centro de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica (CIOyN), Department of Physics, University of Murcia, E-30100, Spain
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3
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Szydlowska BM, Pola CC, Cai Z, Chaney LE, Hui J, Sheets R, Carpenter J, Dean D, Claussen JC, Gomes CL, Hersam MC. Biolayer-Interferometry-Guided Functionalization of Screen-Printed Graphene for Label-Free Electrochemical Virus Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:25169-25180. [PMID: 38695741 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing holds promise for rapid prototyping and low-cost production of biosensors for diverse pathogens. Among additive manufacturing methods, screen printing is particularly desirable for high-throughput production of sensing platforms. However, this technique needs to be combined with carefully formulated inks, rapid postprocessing, and selective functionalization to meet all requirements for high-performance biosensing applications. Here, we present screen-printed graphene electrodes that are processed with thermal annealing to achieve high surface area and electrical conductivity for sensitive biodetection via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. As a proof-of-concept, this biosensing platform is utilized for electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2. To ensure reliable specificity in the presence of multiple variants, biolayer interferometry (BLI) is used as a label-free and dynamic screening method to identify optimal antibodies for concurrent affinity to the Spike S1 proteins of Delta, Omicron, and Wild Type SARS-CoV-2 variants while maintaining low affinity to competing pathogens such as Influenza H1N1. The BLI-identified antibodies are robustly bound to the graphene electrode surface via oxygen moieties that are introduced during the thermal annealing process. The resulting electrochemical immunosensors achieve superior metrics including rapid detection (55 s readout following 15 min of incubation), low limits of detection (approaching 500 ag/mL for the Omicron variant), and high selectivity toward multiple variants. Importantly, the sensors perform well on clinical saliva samples detecting as few as 103 copies/mL of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, following CDC protocols. The combination of the screen-printed graphene sensing platform and effective antibody selection using BLI can be generalized to a wide range of point-of-care immunosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata M Szydlowska
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cícero C Pola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Zizhen Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lindsay E Chaney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Janan Hui
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Robert Sheets
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jeremiah Carpenter
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors (REDDI Lab), Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Delphine Dean
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors (REDDI Lab), Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Jonathan C Claussen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Carmen L Gomes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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4
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Patil R, Alimperti S. Graphene in 3D Bioprinting. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:82. [PMID: 38667539 PMCID: PMC11051043 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a fast prototyping fabrication approach that allows the development of new implants for tissue restoration. Although various materials have been utilized for this process, they lack mechanical, electrical, chemical, and biological properties. To overcome those limitations, graphene-based materials demonstrate unique mechanical and electrical properties, morphology, and impermeability, making them excellent candidates for 3D bioprinting. This review summarizes the latest developments in graphene-based materials in 3D printing and their application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Over the years, different 3D printing approaches have utilized graphene-based materials, such as graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (rGO), and functional GO (fGO). This process involves controlling multiple factors, such as graphene dispersion, viscosity, and post-curing, which impact the properties of the 3D-printed graphene-based constructs. To this end, those materials combined with 3D printing approaches have demonstrated prominent regeneration potential for bone, neural, cardiac, and skin tissues. Overall, graphene in 3D bioprinting may pave the way for new regenerative strategies with translational implications in orthopedics, neurology, and cardiovascular areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Patil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
- Center for Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Stella Alimperti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
- Center for Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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5
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Zhao M, Casiraghi C, Parvez K. Electrochemical exfoliation of 2D materials beyond graphene. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3036-3064. [PMID: 38362717 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00815k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
After the discovery of graphene in 2004, the field of atomically thin crystals has exploded with the discovery of thousands of 2-dimensional materials (2DMs) with unique electronic and optical properties, by making them very attractive for a broad range of applications, from electronics to energy storage and harvesting, and from sensing to biomedical applications. In order to integrate 2DMs into practical applications, it is crucial to develop mass scalable techniques providing crystals of high quality and in large yield. Electrochemical exfoliation is one of the most promising methods for producing 2DMs, as it enables quick and large-scale production of solution processable nanosheets with a thickness well below 10 layers and lateral size above 1 μm. Originally, this technique was developed for the production of graphene; however, in the last few years, this approach has been successfully extended to other 2DMs, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorous, hexagonal boron nitride, MXenes and many other emerging 2D materials. This review first provides an introduction to the fundamentals of electrochemical exfoliation and then it discusses the production of each class of 2DMs, by introducing their properties and giving examples of applications. Finally, a summary and perspective are given to address some of the challenges in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK.
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK.
| | - Khaled Parvez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK.
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Muñoz J. Rational Design of Stimuli-Responsive Inorganic 2D Materials via Molecular Engineering: Toward Molecule-Programmable Nanoelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305546. [PMID: 37906953 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of electronic devices to act as switches makes digital information processing possible. Succeeding graphene, emerging inorganic 2D materials (i2DMs) have been identified as alternative 2D materials to harbor a variety of active molecular components to move the current silicon-based semiconductor technology forward to a post-Moore era focused on molecule-based information processing components. In this regard, i2DMs benefits are not only for their prominent physiochemical properties (e.g., the existence of bandgap), but also for their high surface-to-volume ratio rich in reactive sites. Nonetheless, since this field is still in an early stage, having knowledge of both i) the different strategies for molecularly functionalizing the current library of i2DMs, and ii) the different types of active molecular components is a sine qua non condition for a rational design of stimuli-responsive i2DMs capable of performing logical operations at the molecular level. Consequently, this Review provides a comprehensive tutorial for covalently anchoring ad hoc molecular components-as active units triggered by different external inputs-onto pivotal i2DMs to assess their role in the expanding field of molecule-programmable nanoelectronics for electrically monitoring bistable molecular switches. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of this emerging field which crosses materials chemistry with computation are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Muñoz
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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7
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Liu Y, Zhang S, Song R, Zeng H, Wang L. Preanchoring Enabled Directional Modification of Atomically Thin Membrane for High-Performance Osmotic Energy Generation. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:26-34. [PMID: 38117701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Salinity gradient energy is an environmentally friendly energy source that possesses potential to meet the growing global energy demand. Although covalently modified nanoporous graphene membranes are prospective candidates to break the trade-off between ion selectivity and permeability, the random reaction sites and inevitable defects during modification reduce the reaction efficiency and energy conversion performance. Here, we developed a preanchoring method to achieve directional modification near the graphene nanopores periphery. Numerical simulation revealed that the improved surface charge density around nanopores results in exceptional K+/Cl- selectivity and osmotic energy conversion performance, which agreed well with experimental results. Ionic transport measurements showed that the directionally modified graphene membranes achieved an outstanding power density of 81.6 W m-2 with an energy conversion efficiency of 35.4% under a 100-fold salinity gradient, outperforming state-of-the-art graphene-based nanoporous membranes. This work provided a facile approach for precise modification of nanoporous graphene membranes and opened up new ways for osmotic power harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shengping Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, China 100095, China
| | - Ruiyang Song
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haiou Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Luda Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, China 100095, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, China 100871, China
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8
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Abrha FH, Wondimu TH, Kahsay MH, Fufa Bakare F, Andoshe DM, Kim JY. Graphene-based biosensors for detecting coronavirus: a brief review. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18184-18197. [PMID: 37927083 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04583h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease has affected the globe with 770 437 327 confirmed cases, including about 6 956 900 deaths, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) as of September 2023. Hence, it is imperative to develop diagnostic technologies, such as a rapid cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 detection method. A typical biosensor enables biomolecule detection with an appropriate transducer by generating a measurable signal from the sample. Graphene can be employed as a component for ultrasensitive and selective biosensors based on its physical, optical, and electrochemical properties. Herein, we briefly review graphene-based electrochemical, field-effect transistor (FET), and surface plasmon biosensors for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 target. In addition, details on the surface modification, immobilization, sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) of all three sensors with regard to SARS-CoV-2 were reported. Finally, the point-of-care (POC) detection of SARS-CoV-2 using a portable smartphone and a wearable watch is a current topic of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filimon Hadish Abrha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Aksum University, Aksum 1010, Ethiopia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia.
| | - Tadele Hunde Wondimu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia.
- Center of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Mebrahtu Hagos Kahsay
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle 231, Ethiopia
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Fetene Fufa Bakare
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia.
- Center of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Dinsefa Mensur Andoshe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia.
| | - Jung Yong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia.
- Center of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
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9
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Richter L, Szalai AM, Manzanares-Palenzuela CL, Kamińska I, Tinnefeld P. Exploring the Synergies of Single-Molecule Fluorescence and 2D Materials Coupled by DNA. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303152. [PMID: 37670535 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The world of 2D materials is steadily growing, with numerous researchers attempting to discover, elucidate, and exploit their properties. Approaches relying on the detection of single fluorescent molecules offer a set of advantages, for instance, high sensitivity and specificity, that allow the drawing of conclusions with unprecedented precision. Herein, it is argued how the study of 2D materials benefits from fluorescence-based single-molecule modalities, and vice versa. A special focus is placed on DNA, serving as a versatile adaptor when anchoring single dye molecules to 2D materials. The existing literature on the fruitful combination of the two fields is reviewed, and an outlook on the additional synergies that can be created between them provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Richter
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus E, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Alan M Szalai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus E, 81377, München, Germany
| | - C Lorena Manzanares-Palenzuela
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus E, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Izabela Kamińska
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus E, 81377, München, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Philip Tinnefeld
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus E, 81377, München, Germany
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Brkić AL, Supina A, Čapeta D, Dončević L, Ptiček L, Mandić Š, Racané L, Delač I. Influence of Solvents and Adsorption of Organic Molecules on the Properties of CVD Synthesized 2D MoS 2. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2115. [PMID: 37513127 PMCID: PMC10383348 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple method for modification of 2D materials by drop-casting of the organic molecule in solution on the 2D material under ambient conditions. Specifically, we investigated the adsorption of 6-(4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium-2-yl)-2-(naphthalene-2-yl)benzothiazole methanesulfonate (L63MS) organic molecule on 2D MoS2. To better understand the effect of the organic molecule on the 2D material, we also investigated the impact of solvents alone on the materials' properties. The MoS2 samples were synthesized using ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition. Atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and optical microscopy were used to characterize the samples. The measurements were performed after synthesis, after the drop-casting of solvents and after the drop-casting of organic molecule solutions. Our results indicate that the used organic molecule effectively adsorbs on and prompts discernible changes in the (opto)electronic properties of the 2D material. These changes encompass variations in the Raman spectra shape, alterations in the photoluminescence (PL) signal characteristics and modifications in excitonic properties. Such alterations can be linked to various phenomena including doping, bandgap modifications, introduction or healing of defects and that the solvent plays a crucial role in the process. Our study provides insights into the modification of 2D materials under ambient conditions and highlights the importance of solvent selection in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antun Lovro Brkić
- Center for Advanced Laser Techniques, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Antonio Supina
- Center for Advanced Laser Techniques, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department Physics, Mechanics and Electrical Engineering, Montanuniversität Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Davor Čapeta
- Center for Advanced Laser Techniques, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Dončević
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Ptiček
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Textile Technology, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Šimun Mandić
- Center for Advanced Laser Techniques, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Livio Racané
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Textile Technology, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ida Delač
- Center for Advanced Laser Techniques, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Pandey A, Kumar N. Tracing the transition from covalent to non-covalent functionalization of pyrene through C-, N-, and O-based ionic and radical substrates using quantum mechanical calculations. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14119-14130. [PMID: 37188257 PMCID: PMC10177222 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01457f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrene is one of the widely investigated aromatic hydrocarbons given its unique optical and electronic properties. Modulating inherent characteristics of pyrene via covalent or non-covalent functionalization has been attractive for a wide variety of advanced biomedical and other device applications. In this study, we have reported the functionalization of pyrene via C, N, and O based ionic and radical substrates, and emphasized the transition of covalent to non-covalent functionalization through making the modulation in the substrate. As expected, strong interactions were observed for cationic substrates, however, anionic substrates also exhibited a competitive binding strength. For instance, methyl and phenyl substituted CH3 complexes exhibited IEs in the range of -17 kcal mol-1 to -127 kcal mol-1 and -14 kcal mol-1 to -95 kcal mol-1 and for cationic and anionic substrates, respectively. The analysis of topological parameters showed that un-substituted cationic, anionic, and radical substrates interact with pyrene via covalent interactions, and further become non-covalent upon methylation and phenylation of the substrates. In cationic complexes, the polarisation component is observed to be dominating the interactions, whereas highly competitive contributions from polarization and exchange components were observed in anionic and radical complexes. The contribution of the dispersion component increases with an increase in the degree of methylation and phenylation of the substrate, and starts dominating once the interactions become non-covalent in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesh Pandey
- Advanced Computation and Data Sciences Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 Assam India
| | - Nandan Kumar
- Advanced Computation and Data Sciences Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 Assam India
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12
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Uçar A, Aydoğdu Tığ G, Er E. Recent advances in two dimensional nanomaterial-based electrochemical (bio)sensing platforms for trace-level detection of amino acids and pharmaceuticals. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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13
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Ng S, Pumera M. 2D Functionalized Germananes: Synthesis and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207196. [PMID: 36394114 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the realm of 2D layered materials, the monoelemental group 14 Xene, germanene, as the germanium analog of graphene, has emerged as the next prospective candidate. Preceded by silicon, germanium is widely used in the semiconductor industry; thus, germanene is deemed compatible with existing semiconductor technologies. Germanene consists of mixed sp2 -sp3 -hybridized networks in a buckled hexagonal honeycomb structure. Chemical exfoliation of Zintl phases, such as CaGe2 , specifically the topotactical deintercalation in acidic media, removes the alkaline earth metal ions Ca2+ , giving rise to layered germanane (germanene with the Ge centers covalently saturated with terminal hydrogen atoms). Diverse variants of functionalized germananes (with covalent group(s) termination) can be obtained by varying the topotactical deintercalation precursors, elevating the game with limitless functionalization possibilities for customizable properties or new functionalities. The preparation of Zintl phases to the details of functionalized and modified germananes and their properties, and the additional exfoliation step to achieve mono- or few-layer germananes, are comprehensively covered. The progress and challenges of 2D functionalized germananes in optoelectronics, catalysis, energy conversion and storage, sensors, and biomedical areas are reviewed. This review provides insight into designing and exploring this class of atomically thin semiconductors in realizing future nanoarchitectonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siowwoon Ng
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
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Echeverrigaray FG, Alvarez F. Searching guidelines for scalable and controllable design of multifunctional materials and hybrid interfaces: Status and perspective. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.980882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The urgent need to address the global sustainability issues that modern society is currently facing requires the development of micro and nanotechnologies, which rely largely on functional materials. Beyond studies focused solely on low-dimensional materials, broader research related to multifunctionality has shown that the major efforts to meet these criteria for new electronic, photonic, and optoelectronic concepts, particularly to achieve high-performance devices, are still challenging. By exploiting their unique properties, a comprehensive understanding of the implications of research for the synthesis and discovery of novel materials is obtained. The present article encompasses innovation research as an alternative optimization and design for sustainable energy development, bridging the scaling gap in atomically controlled growth in terms of surface heterogeneity and interfacial engineering. In addition, the corresponding research topics are widely regarded as a scientometric analysis and visualization for the evaluation of scientific contributions into the early 20 years of the 21st century. In this perspective, a brief overview of the global trends and current challenges toward high-throughput fabrication followed by a scenario-based future for hybrid integration and emerging structural standards of scalable control design and growth profiles are emphasized. Finally, these opportunities are unprecedented to overcome current limitations, creating numerous combinations and triggering new functionalities and unparalleled properties for disruptive innovations of Frontier technologies.
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